BİYOPOLİTİKA KAVRAMI ÜZERİNE: BİYOLOJİK TEMELDEN YÖNETİŞİME GEÇİŞ

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2, 60 - 83, 27.10.2025

Nazlı Belen

https://doi.org/10.59597/akademikaci.1734440

Öz

Bu makale, biyopolitika kavramının tarihsel evrimini ve çağdaş siyasal-toplumsal uygulamalardaki yansımalarını analiz etmektedir. Biyopolitikanın biyolojik determinizm kökeninden, Foucault’nun kavramsallaştırmasıyla birlikte yönetişim merkezli bir iktidar biçimine nasıl dönüştüğü incelenmiştir. Kavramın tarihsel kökenleri, Foucault, Esposito ile Agamben gibi çağdaş düşünürlerin katkıları doğrultusunda, farklı ülkelerdeki öjeni politikaları, toplum sağlığı uygulamaları ve üreme politikaları üzerinden karşılaştırmalı bir analiz yapılmaktadır. COVID-19 pandemisi özelinde, dijital gözetim ve sağlık yönetimi gibi yeni biyopolitik stratejiler mercek altına alınmıştır. Bu çalışma, biyopolitikanın günümüzde yaşam, iktidar ve yönetişim ilişkilerinin çözümlemesinde kritik bir kavramsal araç haline geldiğini ortaya koymaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Biyopolitika , Biyoiktidar , Yönetişim , Foucault , COVID-19

ON THE CONCEPT OF BIOPOLITICS: FROM BIOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS TO GOVERNANCE

Öz

This article analyzes the historical evolution of the concept of biopolitics and its contemporary socio-political implications. It examines the transformation of biopolitics from its origins in biological determinism to a governance-centered form of power as theorized by Michel Foucault. Drawing on the foundational works of Foucault, Esposito, and Agamben, the study offers a comparative analysis of eugenic policies, public health practices, and reproductive regulations across various countries. Special attention is given to the COVID-19 pandemic as a case that exemplifies emerging biopolitical strategies, including digital surveillance and health management. The study highlights the relevance of biopolitics as a critical conceptual tool for analyzing the intersections of life, power, and governance in the contemporary world.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Biopolitics , Biopower , Governance , Foucault , COVID-19

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