Kara pas (ug99), küresel bir tehdit olarak görülmektedir

Yıl 2012, Cilt: 25 Sayı: 1, 23 - 28, 01.06.2012

M. Aydoğdu N. Boyraz

Öz

Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici (Eriks & Henn.)‟nin neden olduğu kara pas, buğdayın en tahripkâr hastalıklarından birisidir. Eğer patojen için uygun şartlar oluşursa, patojen gerek epidemi ve gerekse pandemilere neden olabilmektedir. Her zaman patojen populasyonunda genetik varyasyon ihtimali bulunmaktadır ki bu, patojenin yeni ırklarının ortaya çıkmasına yol açmaktadır. Bu durumun güzel bir örneği Ug99‟dir. 1998 yılında, Uganda‟da buğdaylarda şiddetli kara pas enfeksiyonları gözlenmiş, yapılan çalışmalarda patojenin yeni bir ırkı tespit edilmiş ve bu ırk Ug99 olarak isimlendirilmiştir. Ug99 ırkı, 2005 yılında Kenya ve Ethiopya‟da tespit edilmiştir. Ug99, daha sonra sırasıyla 2006 yılında Yemen‟de, 2007 yılında İran‟da 2009 yılında Tanzanya ve Güney Afrika‟da saptanmıştır. Kara pasın bu yeni ırkı dünyada buğday üretimi için bir tehdit olarak görülmektedir. Çünkü Ug99 Afrikadan Orta Doğu ve Asya‟ya sıçramıştır. Bunun yanısıra bilim adamları patojenin hakim rüzgarlar aracılığıyla dünyanın diğer alanlarına yayılacağını tahmin etmektedirler. Bu durum buğday yetiştirilen alanlar için endişe vericidir

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kara pas, ug99, Tehdit

Stem rust (ug99), seen as a threat globally

Öz

Stem rust caused by Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici (Eriks & Henn.) is one of the most devastating diseases of wheat. If favorable conditions for the pathogen appear, the pathogen may cause both epidemics and pandemics. Evolution of genes of the pathogen population gives rise to emerge of new races of the pathogen. The Ug99 is a good example. In 1998, severe stem rust infections were observed on wheat in Uganda, and a race, designated as Ug99, was detected. The same race was detected in Kenya and Ethiopia in 2005. Later, Ug99 was established in Yemen in 2006, in Iran in 2007, in Tanzania and South Africa in 2009. The new race of stem rust has been seen globally as a threat to wheat production because Ug99 has spreaded from Eastern Africa to Middle East and Asia. In addition, scientists predict spreading of the pathogen towards other areas of the world through prevailed air currents. The situation is worrying for areas where wheat is grown.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Stem rüşt, ug99, threat

Kaynakça

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