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Body Dysmorphic Disorder in Patients Presentingfor Cosmetic Treatment

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 24 Sayı: 3, 324 - 338, 14.09.2015
https://doi.org/10.17827/aktd.77511

Öz

Body dysmorphic disorder is an obsessive-compulsive related psychiatric disorder characterized by excessive preoccupation about an imagined or slight defect in appearance. Preoccupation of the appearance with the skin, hair and nose are most common. Impairment of the quality of life, comorbidity of the psychiatric and personality disorder are related with body dysmorphic disorder. Nowadays, cosmetic procedure has become increasingly popular especially among women. The prevalence of body dysmorphic disorder among patients seeking cosmetic treatment in surgery or dermatology clinics is higher than general population. As postoperatively some patients dissatisfied with the surgery, dermatologists and surgeons should be informed about body dysmorphic disorder. Thisaim of this review was to assess prevalance, clinical features, motivational factorsofpatients with body dysmorphic disorder presenting for cosmetic medical treatments.

Kaynakça

  • 1. American Society for Aesthetic&Plastic Surgery. Cosmetic surgery national databank statistics: Expanded data for 2010.
  • 2. Pavan C, Simonato P, Marini M, Mazzoleni F, Pavan L, Vindigni V. Psychopathologic Aspects of Body Dysmorphic Disorder: A Literature Review. Aesth Plast Surg.2008;32:473–84.
  • 3. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and StatisticalManual of Mental Disorders, 3rd ed. (DSM-III).Washington DC, APA, 1980.
  • 4. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 3rd ed, revised(DSM-III-R) .Washington DC, APA, 1987.
  • 5. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders— Text Revision, (4th ed.). Washington DC,2000.
  • 6. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and StatisticalManual of Mental Disorders, 5rd ed. APA: Washington DC,2014.
  • 7. Cansever A, Uzun Ö, Dönmez E, Ozsahin A. The prevalence and clinical features of body dysmorphic disorder in college students: a study in a Turkish sample. Compr Psychiatry. 2003;44:60–4.
  • 8. Bohne A, Wilhel S, Keuthen NJ, Florin I, Baer L, Jenike MA. Prevalence of body dysmorphic disorder in a German college student sample. Psychiatr Res.2002;109:101–4.
  • 9. Otto M, Wilhelm S, Cohen LS, Harlow BL. Prevalence of body dysmorphic disorder in a community sample of women. Am J Psychiatry.2001;158: 2061–3.
  • 10. Faravelli C, Salvatori S, Galassi F, Aiazzi L, Drei C, Cabras P. Epidemiology of somatoform disorders: a community survey in Florence. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol.1997;32:24–9.
  • 11. Bienvenu OJ, Samuels JF, Ridde MA, Hoehn-Saric R, Liang KY, Cullen BAM et al. The relationship of obsessive–compulsive disorder to possible spectrum disorders: results from a family study. Biol Psychiatry.2000;48:287–93.
  • 12. Feusner JD, Yaryura-Tobias J, Saxena S. The pathophysiology of body dysmorphic disorder. Body Image.2008;5:3–12
  • 13. Phillips KA, Coles ME, Menard W, Yen S, Fay C, Weisberg RB. Suicidal ideation and suicide attempts in body dysmorphic disorder. J Clin Psychiatry.2005;66:717–25.
  • 14. Veale D, Boocock A, Gournay K, Dryden W, Shah F, Willson et al. Body dysmorphic disorder: a survey of fifty cases. Br J Psychiatry.1996:169;196–201.
  • 15. Gunstad J, Phillips KA. Axis I comorbidity in body dysmorphic disorder. Compr Psychiatry. 2003;44:270–6.
  • 16. Bellino S, Zizza M, Paradiso E, Rivarossa A, Fulcheri M, Bogetto F. Dysmorphic concern symptoms and personality disorders: A clinical investigation in patients seeking cosmetic surgery. Psychiatry Res.2006;144:73–8.
  • 17. Sarwer DB, Crerand CE. Body image and cosmetic medical treatments. Body Image. 2004;1:99– 111.
  • 18. Nikolić J, Janjić Z, Marinković M, Petrović J, Bozić T.Psychosocial characteristic and motivational factors in woman seeking cosmetic breast augmentation surgery. Vojnosanit Pregl.2013;70:940- 6.
  • 19. Javo IM, Sorlie T. Psychosocial characteristics of young norwegian women interested in liposuction,breast augmentation, rhinoplasty, and abdominoplasty: a population-based study. Plast Reconstr Surg.2010;125:1536-43
  • 20. Zahiroddin AR, Shafiee-Kandjaini AR, Khalighi E. Do mental health and self-concept associate with rhinoplasty requests? J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg.2008;61:1100-3.
  • 21. Fryzek JP, Weiderpass E, Signorello LB, Hakelius L, Lipworth L, Blot WJ et al. Characteristics of women with cosmetic breast augmentation surgery compared with breast reduction surgery patients and women in the general population of Sweden. Ann Plast Surg.2000;45:349–56.
  • 22. Beale S, Lisper H,Palm B. A psychological study of patients seeking augmentation mammaplasty. Br J Psychiatry.1980;136:133–8.
  • 23. Brinton LA, Brown SL, Colton T, Burich MC, Lubin J. Characteristics of a population of women with breast implants compared with women seeking other types of plastic surgery.Plast Reconstr Surg.2000;105:919–27.
  • 24. Didie ER, Sarwer DB. Factors that influence the decision to undergo cosmetic breast augmentation surgery. J Womens Health.2003;12:241–53.
  • 25. Sarwer DB, LaRossa D, Bartlett SP, Low DW, Bucky LP, Whitaker LA. Body image concerns of breast augmentation patients. Plast Reconstr Surg.2003;112:83–90
  • 26. von Soest T, Kvalem IL, Skolleborg KC, Roald HE. Psychosocial factors predicting the motivation to undergo cosmetic surgery. Plast Reconstr Surg.2006;117:51–62.
  • 27. Sarwer DB, Wadden TA, Pertschuk MJ, Whitaker LA. Body image dissatisfaction and body dysmorphic disorder in 100 cosmetic surgery patients. Plast Reconstr Surg.1998;101:1644–9.
  • 28. Sarwer DB, Wadden TA, Whitaker LA. An investigation of changes in body image following cosmetic surgery. Plast Reconstr Surg.2002;109:363–9.
  • 29. Altamura C, Paluello MM, Mundo E, Medda S, Mannu P. Clinical and subclinical body dysmorphic disorder. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci.2001;252:105–8.
  • 30. Vargel S, Ulusahin A. Psychopathology and body image in cosmetic surgery patients. Aesthet Plast Surg.2001;25: 474–8.
  • 31. Veale D, De Haro L, Lambrou C. Cosmetic rhinoplasty in body dysmorphic disorder. Br J Plast Surg. 2003;56:546–51.
  • 32. Aouizerate B, Pujol H, Grabot D, Faytout M, Suire K, Braud C et al. Body dysmorphic disorder in a sample of cosmetic surgery applicants. Eur Psychiatry.2003;18:365–8.
  • 33. Castle DJ, Molton M, Hoffman K, Preston NJ, Phillips KA. Correlates of dysmorphic concern in people seeking cosmetic enhancement. Aust N Z J Psychiatry.2004;38:439-44.
  • 34. Alavi M, Kalafi Y, Dehbozorgi GR, Javadpour A. Body dysmorphic disorder and other psychiatric morbidity in aesthetic rhinoplasty candidates. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg.2011;64:738-41.
  • 35. Picavet V, Prokopakis EP, Gabriels L, Jorissen M, Hellings PW. High prevalance of body dysmorphic disorder symptoms in patients seeking rhinoplasty. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2011;128:509–17.
  • 36. Lai CS, Lee SS, Yeh YC, Chen CS. Body dysmorphic disorder in patients with cosmetic surgery. Kaohsiung J Med Sci.2010:26:478–82
  • 37. Metcalfe DB, Duggal CS, Gabriel A, Nahabedian MY, Carlson GW, Losken A. prevalence of body dysmorphic disorder among patients seeking breast reconstruction. Aesthet Surg J. 2014;8;34:733-7
  • 38. Phillips KA, Dufresne RG, Wilkel C S, Vittorio CC. Rate of body dysmorphic disorder in dermatology patients. J Am Acad Dermatol.2000;42: 436–41. 39. Phillips KA, Diaz SF. Gender differences in body dysmorphic disorder. J Nerv Ment Dis. 1997;185:570–7.
  • 40. Kaymak Y, Taner E, Simşek I.Body dysmorphic disorder in university students with skin diseases compared with healthy controls. Acta Derm Venereol.2009;89:281-4.
  • 41. Uzun O, Basoglu C, Akar A, Cansever A, Ozsahin A, Cetin M et al. Body dysmorphic disorder in patients with acne. Compr Psychiatry.2003;44: 415–9.
  • 42. Bowe WP, Leyden JJ, Crerand CE, Sarwer DB, Margolis DJ. Body dysmorphic disorder symptoms among patientswith acne vulgaris. J Am Acad Dermatol.2007;57:222–30.
  • 43. Conrado LA, Hounie AG, Diniz JB, Fossaluza V, Torres AR, Miguel EC et al. Body dysmorphic disorder among dermatologic patients: Prevalence and clinical features. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2010;63:235-43.
  • 44. Vulink NC, Sigurdsson V, Kon M. Bruijzeel-Koomen CA, Westenberg HG, Denys D. Body dysmorphic disorder in 3-8% in outpatient dermatology and plastic surgery clinics. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd.2006;150:97-100.
  • 45. Mulkens S, Bos AER, Uleman R, Muris P, Mayer B, Velthuis P. Psychopathology symptoms in a sample of female cosmetic surgery patients. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg.2012;65:321-7.
  • 46. Dufresne RG, Phillips KA, Vittorio CC, Wilkel CS. A screening questionnaire for body dysmorphic disorder in a cosmetic dermatologic surgery practice. Dermatol Surg.2001;27:457–62.7
  • 47. Calderón P, Zemelman V, Sanhueza P, Castrillón M, Matamala J, Szot J. Prevalence of body dysmorphic disorder in Chilean dermatological patients. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2009;23:1328.
  • 48. Dogruk Kacar S, Ozuguz P, Bagcioglu E, Coskun KS, Uzel Tas H, Polat Set al.The frequency of body dysmorphic disorder in dermatology and cosmetic dermatology clinics: a study from Turkey. Clin Exp Dermatol.2014;39:433-8.

Kozmetik Tedavi için Başvuran Hastalarda Beden Dismorfik Bozukluğu

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 24 Sayı: 3, 324 - 338, 14.09.2015
https://doi.org/10.17827/aktd.77511

Öz

Beden dismorfikbozukluğu, görünümde var olan küçük yada hayali bir kusur ile aşırı derecede zihinsel uğraşı ile karakterize, obsesif kompulsif bozukluk ile ilişkili bir bozukluktur. Zihinsel uğraşı en sık cilt, saç ve burun ile ilişkilidir. Yaşam kalitesinde azalma, sık psikiyatrik ve kişilik bozuklukları beden dismorfik bozukluğu ile ilişkilidir. Günümüzde, özellikle kadınlar arasında kozmetik işlemler oldukça popüler hale gelmiştir. Dermatoloji veya cerrahi kliniklerine kozmetik tedavi için başvuran hastalarda beden dismorfik bozukluğu sıklığı genel toplumdan daha yüksektir. Beden dismorfik bozukluğu olan hastaların çoğu ameliyat sonrası cerrahi işlemden memnun kalmadığından dermatolog ve cerrahların Arşiv Kaynak Tarama Dergisi . Archives Medical Review Journal 2015; 24(3):324-338 Altıntaş 325 beden dismorfik bozukluğu konusunda bilgi sahibi olmaları gerekir. Bu derlemenin amacı kozmetik işlemlerde beden dismorfik bozukluğunun sıklığı, klinik özellikler ve motivasyonel faktörleri gözden geçirmektir.

Kaynakça

  • 1. American Society for Aesthetic&Plastic Surgery. Cosmetic surgery national databank statistics: Expanded data for 2010.
  • 2. Pavan C, Simonato P, Marini M, Mazzoleni F, Pavan L, Vindigni V. Psychopathologic Aspects of Body Dysmorphic Disorder: A Literature Review. Aesth Plast Surg.2008;32:473–84.
  • 3. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and StatisticalManual of Mental Disorders, 3rd ed. (DSM-III).Washington DC, APA, 1980.
  • 4. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 3rd ed, revised(DSM-III-R) .Washington DC, APA, 1987.
  • 5. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders— Text Revision, (4th ed.). Washington DC,2000.
  • 6. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and StatisticalManual of Mental Disorders, 5rd ed. APA: Washington DC,2014.
  • 7. Cansever A, Uzun Ö, Dönmez E, Ozsahin A. The prevalence and clinical features of body dysmorphic disorder in college students: a study in a Turkish sample. Compr Psychiatry. 2003;44:60–4.
  • 8. Bohne A, Wilhel S, Keuthen NJ, Florin I, Baer L, Jenike MA. Prevalence of body dysmorphic disorder in a German college student sample. Psychiatr Res.2002;109:101–4.
  • 9. Otto M, Wilhelm S, Cohen LS, Harlow BL. Prevalence of body dysmorphic disorder in a community sample of women. Am J Psychiatry.2001;158: 2061–3.
  • 10. Faravelli C, Salvatori S, Galassi F, Aiazzi L, Drei C, Cabras P. Epidemiology of somatoform disorders: a community survey in Florence. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol.1997;32:24–9.
  • 11. Bienvenu OJ, Samuels JF, Ridde MA, Hoehn-Saric R, Liang KY, Cullen BAM et al. The relationship of obsessive–compulsive disorder to possible spectrum disorders: results from a family study. Biol Psychiatry.2000;48:287–93.
  • 12. Feusner JD, Yaryura-Tobias J, Saxena S. The pathophysiology of body dysmorphic disorder. Body Image.2008;5:3–12
  • 13. Phillips KA, Coles ME, Menard W, Yen S, Fay C, Weisberg RB. Suicidal ideation and suicide attempts in body dysmorphic disorder. J Clin Psychiatry.2005;66:717–25.
  • 14. Veale D, Boocock A, Gournay K, Dryden W, Shah F, Willson et al. Body dysmorphic disorder: a survey of fifty cases. Br J Psychiatry.1996:169;196–201.
  • 15. Gunstad J, Phillips KA. Axis I comorbidity in body dysmorphic disorder. Compr Psychiatry. 2003;44:270–6.
  • 16. Bellino S, Zizza M, Paradiso E, Rivarossa A, Fulcheri M, Bogetto F. Dysmorphic concern symptoms and personality disorders: A clinical investigation in patients seeking cosmetic surgery. Psychiatry Res.2006;144:73–8.
  • 17. Sarwer DB, Crerand CE. Body image and cosmetic medical treatments. Body Image. 2004;1:99– 111.
  • 18. Nikolić J, Janjić Z, Marinković M, Petrović J, Bozić T.Psychosocial characteristic and motivational factors in woman seeking cosmetic breast augmentation surgery. Vojnosanit Pregl.2013;70:940- 6.
  • 19. Javo IM, Sorlie T. Psychosocial characteristics of young norwegian women interested in liposuction,breast augmentation, rhinoplasty, and abdominoplasty: a population-based study. Plast Reconstr Surg.2010;125:1536-43
  • 20. Zahiroddin AR, Shafiee-Kandjaini AR, Khalighi E. Do mental health and self-concept associate with rhinoplasty requests? J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg.2008;61:1100-3.
  • 21. Fryzek JP, Weiderpass E, Signorello LB, Hakelius L, Lipworth L, Blot WJ et al. Characteristics of women with cosmetic breast augmentation surgery compared with breast reduction surgery patients and women in the general population of Sweden. Ann Plast Surg.2000;45:349–56.
  • 22. Beale S, Lisper H,Palm B. A psychological study of patients seeking augmentation mammaplasty. Br J Psychiatry.1980;136:133–8.
  • 23. Brinton LA, Brown SL, Colton T, Burich MC, Lubin J. Characteristics of a population of women with breast implants compared with women seeking other types of plastic surgery.Plast Reconstr Surg.2000;105:919–27.
  • 24. Didie ER, Sarwer DB. Factors that influence the decision to undergo cosmetic breast augmentation surgery. J Womens Health.2003;12:241–53.
  • 25. Sarwer DB, LaRossa D, Bartlett SP, Low DW, Bucky LP, Whitaker LA. Body image concerns of breast augmentation patients. Plast Reconstr Surg.2003;112:83–90
  • 26. von Soest T, Kvalem IL, Skolleborg KC, Roald HE. Psychosocial factors predicting the motivation to undergo cosmetic surgery. Plast Reconstr Surg.2006;117:51–62.
  • 27. Sarwer DB, Wadden TA, Pertschuk MJ, Whitaker LA. Body image dissatisfaction and body dysmorphic disorder in 100 cosmetic surgery patients. Plast Reconstr Surg.1998;101:1644–9.
  • 28. Sarwer DB, Wadden TA, Whitaker LA. An investigation of changes in body image following cosmetic surgery. Plast Reconstr Surg.2002;109:363–9.
  • 29. Altamura C, Paluello MM, Mundo E, Medda S, Mannu P. Clinical and subclinical body dysmorphic disorder. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci.2001;252:105–8.
  • 30. Vargel S, Ulusahin A. Psychopathology and body image in cosmetic surgery patients. Aesthet Plast Surg.2001;25: 474–8.
  • 31. Veale D, De Haro L, Lambrou C. Cosmetic rhinoplasty in body dysmorphic disorder. Br J Plast Surg. 2003;56:546–51.
  • 32. Aouizerate B, Pujol H, Grabot D, Faytout M, Suire K, Braud C et al. Body dysmorphic disorder in a sample of cosmetic surgery applicants. Eur Psychiatry.2003;18:365–8.
  • 33. Castle DJ, Molton M, Hoffman K, Preston NJ, Phillips KA. Correlates of dysmorphic concern in people seeking cosmetic enhancement. Aust N Z J Psychiatry.2004;38:439-44.
  • 34. Alavi M, Kalafi Y, Dehbozorgi GR, Javadpour A. Body dysmorphic disorder and other psychiatric morbidity in aesthetic rhinoplasty candidates. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg.2011;64:738-41.
  • 35. Picavet V, Prokopakis EP, Gabriels L, Jorissen M, Hellings PW. High prevalance of body dysmorphic disorder symptoms in patients seeking rhinoplasty. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2011;128:509–17.
  • 36. Lai CS, Lee SS, Yeh YC, Chen CS. Body dysmorphic disorder in patients with cosmetic surgery. Kaohsiung J Med Sci.2010:26:478–82
  • 37. Metcalfe DB, Duggal CS, Gabriel A, Nahabedian MY, Carlson GW, Losken A. prevalence of body dysmorphic disorder among patients seeking breast reconstruction. Aesthet Surg J. 2014;8;34:733-7
  • 38. Phillips KA, Dufresne RG, Wilkel C S, Vittorio CC. Rate of body dysmorphic disorder in dermatology patients. J Am Acad Dermatol.2000;42: 436–41. 39. Phillips KA, Diaz SF. Gender differences in body dysmorphic disorder. J Nerv Ment Dis. 1997;185:570–7.
  • 40. Kaymak Y, Taner E, Simşek I.Body dysmorphic disorder in university students with skin diseases compared with healthy controls. Acta Derm Venereol.2009;89:281-4.
  • 41. Uzun O, Basoglu C, Akar A, Cansever A, Ozsahin A, Cetin M et al. Body dysmorphic disorder in patients with acne. Compr Psychiatry.2003;44: 415–9.
  • 42. Bowe WP, Leyden JJ, Crerand CE, Sarwer DB, Margolis DJ. Body dysmorphic disorder symptoms among patientswith acne vulgaris. J Am Acad Dermatol.2007;57:222–30.
  • 43. Conrado LA, Hounie AG, Diniz JB, Fossaluza V, Torres AR, Miguel EC et al. Body dysmorphic disorder among dermatologic patients: Prevalence and clinical features. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2010;63:235-43.
  • 44. Vulink NC, Sigurdsson V, Kon M. Bruijzeel-Koomen CA, Westenberg HG, Denys D. Body dysmorphic disorder in 3-8% in outpatient dermatology and plastic surgery clinics. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd.2006;150:97-100.
  • 45. Mulkens S, Bos AER, Uleman R, Muris P, Mayer B, Velthuis P. Psychopathology symptoms in a sample of female cosmetic surgery patients. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg.2012;65:321-7.
  • 46. Dufresne RG, Phillips KA, Vittorio CC, Wilkel CS. A screening questionnaire for body dysmorphic disorder in a cosmetic dermatologic surgery practice. Dermatol Surg.2001;27:457–62.7
  • 47. Calderón P, Zemelman V, Sanhueza P, Castrillón M, Matamala J, Szot J. Prevalence of body dysmorphic disorder in Chilean dermatological patients. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2009;23:1328.
  • 48. Dogruk Kacar S, Ozuguz P, Bagcioglu E, Coskun KS, Uzel Tas H, Polat Set al.The frequency of body dysmorphic disorder in dermatology and cosmetic dermatology clinics: a study from Turkey. Clin Exp Dermatol.2014;39:433-8.
Toplam 47 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Derleme
Yazarlar

Ebru Altıntaş Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 14 Eylül 2015
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2015 Cilt: 24 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

AMA Altıntaş E. Body Dysmorphic Disorder in Patients Presentingfor Cosmetic Treatment. aktd. Eylül 2015;24(3):324-338. doi:10.17827/aktd.77511