Influence and Hegemony: Shifting Patterns of Material and Social Power in World Politics

Year 2017, , 17 - 47, 01.01.2017

Richard Ned Lebow Simon Reich

https://doi.org/10.20991/allazimuth.285155

Abstract

Throughout
the postwar era, many realists and liberals have maintained the fiction of
American hegemony. They have described it as the keystone to global political
and economic stability.¹ They have also worried that US hegemony was in decline. In the 1970s,
these fears were triggered by the resurgence of Germany and Japan, and in the
last decade, by the remarkable rise of China.

 

We
contend that US hegemony, to the extent it ever existed, was a short-lived
postwar phenomenon; that the US frequently behaved in ways that has threatened
the order it is allegedly committed to upholding; that hegemony is unnecessary
– perhaps inimical – to global stability; and that the functions associated
with hegemony have in practice become increasingly diffused among the great
powers. Conceptually, the commitment to hegemony stands in the way of our
understanding of contemporary international relations. Substantively, it offers
an inappropriate and unrealistic role model for American policymakers.

Keywords

Power, influence, hegemony, realism, liberalism, sponsorship

Nüfuz ve Hegemonya: Dünya Siyasetinde Maddi ve Sosyal Gücün Değişen Örüntüleri

Abstract

Savaş sonrası dönemde, pek çok realist ve liberal, bir Amerikan hegemonyası vehmetmiş ve
bunun küresel siyasi ve ekonomik istikrar için elzem olduğunu iddia etmiştir. Aynı zamanda,
Amerikan hegemonasının düşüşe geçmiş olması nedeniyle endişe duymuşlardır. 1970’lerde
bu korkular Almanya ve Japonya’nın yeniden öne çıkması ile tetiklenmişti. Son on yılda
ise aynı durum Çin’in gözalıcı yükselişi ile tekrarlandı. ABD hegemonyası, bize göre –eğer
vardı ise- kısa süreli bir savaş sonrası olguydu. ABD sıklıkla, korumaya kararlı olduğu iddia
edilen düzen tehdit eden davranışlarda bulunmuştur. Dahası, hegemonya küresel istikrar için
gerekli de değildir hatta belki de istikrara zarar verir. Hegemonya ile bağdaştırılan işlevler ise
pratikte büyük güçler arasında giderek daha fazla oranda bölüşülmektedir. Kavramsal açıdan
ise hegemonya günümüz uluslararası ilişkilerini anlamamıza bir engel teşkil etmektedir.
Esasta ise Amerikan politika yapıcıları için uygun olmayan ve gerçekçilikten uzak bir rol
modeli önermektedir. 

Keywords

güç, nüfuz, hegemonya, realizm, liberalism, işbirliği

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