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Peace Education as a Post-conflict Peacebuilding Tool

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 1, 27 - 42, 02.01.2016
https://doi.org/10.20991/allazimuth.167339

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Allen, Lydia, Chantal LaParl-Green, Mana Miyawaki, Nelson Monroe, Siri Siripanlch, and Brandon Thompson. The Peace Education Programme (PEP) Evaluation. New York, NY: Columbia School of Public Affairs, 2009.
  • Ardizzone, Lisa. “Towards Global Understanding: The Transformative Role of Peace Education.” Current Issues in Comparative Education 4, no. 2 (2002): 16-25.
  • Arlow, Michael. “Citizenship Education in a Divided Society: The Case of Northern Ireland.” In, Education,Conflict and Social Cohesion, edited by Sabhi Tawil and Alexandra Harley, 255-313. Geneva: UNESCO International Bureau of Education, 2004.
  • Aydin, Hasan. “Education Reform in Nigeria: the Case of Multicultural Education for Peace, Love, and Tolerance.” South African Journal of Education 33, no. 1 (2013): 1-19.
  • Azar, Edward. The Management of Protracted Social Conflict. Aldershot: Dartmouth, 1990.
  • Balegamire, Juvenal Bazilashe, Adelaide Dhorsan, and Cristina Tembe. “Curriculum Reform, Political Change, and Reinforcement of National Identify in Mozambique.” In Education, Conflict and Social Cohesion, edited by Sobhi Tawil and Alexandra Harley, 207-53. Geneva: UNESCO International Bureau of Education, 2004.
  • Bar-Tal, Daniel. “The Elusive Nature of Peace Education.” In Peace Education: The Concept, Principles, and Practices in the World, edited by Gabriel Salomon and Baruch Neve, 27-36. Mahway, NJ: Lawrence Extram, 2002.
  • Baxter, Pamela. UNHCR Peace Education Programme. Geneva: UNHCR, 2000.
  • –––. “The UNHCR Peace Education Programme: Skills for Life.” Forced Migration Review 11(2001): 28-30.
  • Beckerman, Zvi, and Claire McGlynn. Addressing Ethnic Conflict through Peace Education: International Perspectives. New York: Palgrave Macmillian, 2005.
  • Ben-Porath, Sigal. “War and Peace Education.” Journal of Philosophy of Education 37, no. 3 (2003): 525-33.
  • Bowder, Marina, and Valery Perry. “Returnees and the Challenges for Education Reform in Bosnia and Herzegovina in Ellison.” In Education and Internally Displaced Persons, edited by Christine Smith and Alan Smith, 142-64. New York: Bloomsbury, 2013.
  • Boutros-Ghali, Boutros. An Agenda for Peace. New York: United Nations, 1992.
  • Bretherton, Diane, Jane Weston, and Vic Zbar. “Peace Education in a Post-Conflict Environment: the Case of Sierra Leone.” Prospects 33, no. 2 (2003): 221-30.
  • Brock-Utne, Bridget. Education for Peace: A Feminist Perspective. New York: Pergamon Press, 1985.
  • Bush, Kenneth D., and Saltarelli, Diana. The Two Faces of Education in Ethnic Conflict. New York: UNICEF, 2000.
  • Cardozo, Mieke. T.A. Lopez. “Sri Lanka: In Peace or in Pieces? A Critical Approach to Peace Education in Sri Lanka.” Research in Comparative and International Education 3, no. 1 (2008): 19-33.
  • Clarke-Habibi, Sara. “Transforming Worldviews: The Case of Education for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina.” Journal of Transformative Education 3, no. 1 (2005): 33-56.
  • Danesh, H.B. “Towards an Integrative Theory of Peace Education.” Journal of Peace Education 3, no. 1 (2006): 55-78.
  • Dobbins, James. The UN’s Role in Nation-Building: From the Congo to Iraq. Santa Monica: Rand Corporation, 2005.
  • Dudouet, Veronique. “Transitions for Violence to Peace.” In Berghof Handbook for Conflict Transformation. Berlin: Berghof Research Center for Constructive Conflict Management, 2006.
  • Duffy, Terence. “Peace Education in a Divided Society: Creating a Culture of Peace in Northern Ireland.” Prospects XXX, no. 1 (2000): 15-29.
  • Dunn, Seamus, and Valerie Morgan. “A Fraught Path: Education as a basis for developing improved community relations in Northern Ireland.” Oxford Review of Education 25, no.1/2 (1999): 141-53.
  • Fischer, Astrid. “Integration or Segregation? Reforming the Education Sector.” In Peacebuilding and Civil Society in Bosnia and Herzegovina: Ten Years After Dayton, edited by Martina Fischer, 297-324. Munster: Lit-Verlag,
  • Fitzduff, Maria, and Isabella Jean. Peace Education: State of the Field and Lessons Learned From USIP Grantmaking. Washington, DC: United States Institute for Peace, 2011.
  • Fountain, Susan. “Peace Education in UNICEF.” Working Paper Series, Programme Division, Education Section, UNICEF, New York,1999.
  • Frayha, Nemer. “Developing Curriculum as a Means of Bridging National Divisions in Lebanon.” In Education, Conflict and Social Cohesion, edited by Sobhi Tawil and Alexandra Harley, 159-205. Geneva: UNESCO International Bureau of Education, 2004.
  • Galtung, Johan. Peace by Peaceful Means. London: Sage Publications Ltd., 1996.
  • ———. “Three Approaches to Peace: Peacekeeping, Peacemaking, and Peacebuilding.” In Peace,War and Defense: Essays in Peace Research Vol.2, 297-98. Copenhagen: Christian Ejlers, 1976.
  • Gur’Ze-ev, Ilan. Diasporic Philosophy and Counter-Education. Rotterdam: Sense Publishers, 2010a.
  • ———. “Philosophy of Peace Education in a Post-Modern Era.” Education Theory 51, no. 3 (2001): 315-36.
  • ———.The Possibility/Impossibility of a New Critical Language in Education. Rotterdam: Sense Publishers, 2010b.
  • Harris, Ian. “The Conceptual Underpinnings of Peace Education.” In Peace Education: The concept, principles and practices in the world, edited by Gabriel Salomon and Baruch Neve, 15-26. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 2002.
  • ———. Peace Education. Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 1988.
  • ———. “Peace Education Evaluation.” Paper Presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, 21-25 April, Chicago, IL, 2003.
  • Harris, Simon, and Nick Lewer. “Peace Education in Conflict Zones – Experience from Northern Sri Lanka.” Journal of Peace Education 5, no. 2 (2008): 127-40.
  • Lederach, John P. Building Peace: Sustainable Reconciliation in Divided Societies. Washington, DC: United States Institute for Peace, 1997.
  • Nelles, Wayne. “Bosnian Education for Security and Peacebuilding?” International Peacekeeping 13, no. 2 (2006): 229-41.
  • Neve, Baruch, and Iris Brem. “Peace Education Programs and the Evaluation of their Effectiveness.” In Peace education: The concept, principles and practices in the world, edited by Gabriel Salomon and Baruch Neve, 271-82. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 2002.
  • Northern Ireland Curriculum Council. Cross-curricular Themes - Guidance Materials. Belfast: NICC, 1990.
  • Paris, Roland. “International Peacebuilding and “Mission Civilistrace.” Review of International Studies 28, no. 4 (2002): 637-56.
  • Perera, Lal, Swarna Wijetunge, and Ajith S. Balasooriya. “Education Reform and Political Violence in Sri Lanka.” In Education, Conflict and Social Cohesion, edited by Sohbi Tawil and Alexandra Harley, 375-415. Geneva: UNESCO International Bureau of Education, 2004.
  • Perry, Valerie. “Reading, Writing, and Reconciliation: Educational Reform in Bosnia and Herzegovina.” Working Paper no. 18, European Centre for Minority Issues, Flensburg, 2003.
  • Perry, Valerie, and Soeren Keil. “The OSCE Mission in Bosnia and Herzegovina: Testing the Limits of Ownership.” Nationalities Papers: The Journal of Nationalism and Ethnicity 41, no. 3 (2013): 71-394.
  • Pavone, Vincenzo. From the Labyrinth of the World to the Paradise of the Heart: Science and Humanism in UNESCO’s Approach to Globalization. Plymouth, UK: Lexington Books, 2008.
  • Pigozzi, Mary. Education in Emergencies and for Reconstruction: A Developmental Approach. New York: United Nations Children’s Fund, 1999.
  • Reardon, Betty. Comprehensive Peace Education: Educating for Global Responsibility. New York: Teachers College Press, 1988.
  • Richardson, Norman. “Transformation: Diversity and Mutual Understanding in Statutory Curriculum.” In Education for Diversity and Mutual Understanding: The Experience of Northern Ireland, edited by Norman Richardson and Tony Gallagher. Bern: Peterlang, 2011.
  • Rutayisire, John, John Kabano, and Jolly Rubagiza. “Redefining Rwanda’s Future: The Role of Curriculum in Social Reconstruction.” In Education, Conflict and Social Cohesion, edited by Sobhi Tawil and Alexandra Harley, 315- 73. Geneva: UNESCO International Bureau of Education, 2004.
  • Salazar Tetzagüic, Manuel de Jesşs, and Katherine Grigsby. “Curriculum Change and Social Cohesion in Multicultural Guatemala.” In Education, Conflict and Social Cohesion, edited by Sobhi Tawil and Alexandra Harley, 85-157. Geneva: UNESCO International Bureau of Education, 2004.
  • Salm, Abuigideiri. “From Conflict Resolution Training to Peace Camps.” In And the Children Shall Lead Them: A NGO Journey into Peace Education, edited by Bill Lowrey, Allen Harder, and Vachel Miller, 3-33. Monrovia, CA: World Vision, 2005.
  • Salomon, Gabriel. “The Nature of Peace Education: Not All Programs Are Created Equal.” In Peace Education: The concept, principles and practices in the world, edited by Gabriel Salomon and Baruch Neve, 3-14. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 2002.
  • ———. “Peace Education: Its Nature, Nurture, and the Challenges it Faces.” In Handbook on Building Cultures of Peace, edited by Joseph de Rivera, 107-21. New York: Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 2009.
  • Salomon, Gabriel, and Baruch Neve. Peace Education: The Concept, Principles, and Practices around the World. New York: Psychology Press, 2002.
  • Save the Children Alliance. Where Peace Begins: Education’s Role in Conflict Prevention and Peacebuilding. London: International Save the Children Alliance, 2008.
  • Save the Children Norway. “Building Peace Out of War: Children and Young People as Agents of Peace- The Young Generations Challenge.” Paper presented at the International Conference, Oslo Norway, June 29-July 3, 2005.
  • Seitz, Klaus. Education and Conflict: The Role of Education in the Creation, Prevention, and Resolution of Societal Crises – Consequences for Development Cooperation. Postfach: German Technical Cooperation, 2004.
  • Smith, Alan. “The Influence of Education on Conflict and Peace Building.” Paper prepared for the Education for All Global Monitoring Report 2011-The Hidden Crisis: Armed Conflict and Education, UNESCO, Paris: 2010.
  • Smith, Alan, and Alan Robinson. Education for Mutual Understanding: The Initial Statutory Years. Coleraine, Ireland: University of Ulster, 1996.
  • Smith, Alan, and Tony Vauz. Education, Conflict, and International Development. London: Department of International Development, 2002.
  • Smith, Dan. “Trends and Causes of Armed Conflict.” In Berghof Handbook for Conflict Tranformation. Berlin: Berghof Research Center for Constructive Conflict Management, 2000.
  • Sommers, Marc. “Peace Education and Refugee Youth.” In Learning for a Future: Refugee Education in Developing Countries, edited by Jeff Crisp, Christopher Talbot and Daiana B. Cipollone, 163-216. Geneva: UNHCR, 2002.
  • Stabback, Philip. “Common Curriculum, Core Curriculum or Common Curriculum Standards: Finding a Solution for Bosnia and Herzegovina.” Prospects 37, no. 4 (2007): 449-67.
  • ———. “Curriculum Development, Diversity and Division in Bosnia and Herzegovain.” In Education, Conflict and Social Cohesion, edited by Sobhi Tawil and Alexandra Harley, 37-84. Geneva: UNESCO International Bureau of Education, 2007.
  • Steinburg, Gerald. “The Thin Line Between Peace Education and Political Advocacy: Toward a Code of Conduct.” In Educating Towards a Culture of Peace, edited by Yaacov Iram, 13-22. Greenwhich, CT: Information Age, 2004.
  • Tawil, Sobhi, and Alexandra Harley. Education, Conflict and Social Cohesion. Geneva: UNESCO International Bureau of Education, 2004.
  • Tent, James. Mission on the Rhine: Reeducation and Denazification in American-Occupied Germany. Chicago: University of Chicago, 1982.
  • Thapa, Manish, Raj Kumar Dhungana, Bhuvaneswari Mahalingam, and Jerome Conilleau. Peace by Peace: Mainstreaming Peace Education in South Asia. Sweden: Save the Children, 2010. http://resourcecentre. savethechildren.se/sites/default/files/documents/3255.pdf
  • Tomlinson, Kathryn, and Pauline Benefield. Education and Conflict: Research and Research Possibilities. Berkshire, UK: National Foundation for Educational Research, 2005.
  • UNESCO. Constitution of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. London: UNESCO, 1945.
  • UNICEF. The Role of Education in Peacebuilding: Literature Review. New York: United Nations Children’s Fund,
  • World Bank. Reshaping the Future: Education and Post-Conflict Reconstruction. Washington DC: World Bank, 2005.

Peace Education as a Post-conflict Peacebuilding Tool

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 1, 27 - 42, 02.01.2016
https://doi.org/10.20991/allazimuth.167339

Öz

This article provides a critical analysis of the literature and reports on peace education programmes in countries emerging from violent conflicts. First, it begins with an overview of peace education’s history. Next, it examines how peace education has been conceptualised, and highlights why it remains poorly defined. The article then proceeds by looking at the development of the international community’s use of peace education as a tool to contribute to their peacebuilding efforts in countries emerging from protracted contexts. After that, it reviews the research and evaluation work that has been done on peace education programmes. The article concludes with a survey of peace education programmes in ethnically/religiously linked post-conflict environments that have made mainstreaming their goal, and identifies areas of future research.

Kaynakça

  • Allen, Lydia, Chantal LaParl-Green, Mana Miyawaki, Nelson Monroe, Siri Siripanlch, and Brandon Thompson. The Peace Education Programme (PEP) Evaluation. New York, NY: Columbia School of Public Affairs, 2009.
  • Ardizzone, Lisa. “Towards Global Understanding: The Transformative Role of Peace Education.” Current Issues in Comparative Education 4, no. 2 (2002): 16-25.
  • Arlow, Michael. “Citizenship Education in a Divided Society: The Case of Northern Ireland.” In, Education,Conflict and Social Cohesion, edited by Sabhi Tawil and Alexandra Harley, 255-313. Geneva: UNESCO International Bureau of Education, 2004.
  • Aydin, Hasan. “Education Reform in Nigeria: the Case of Multicultural Education for Peace, Love, and Tolerance.” South African Journal of Education 33, no. 1 (2013): 1-19.
  • Azar, Edward. The Management of Protracted Social Conflict. Aldershot: Dartmouth, 1990.
  • Balegamire, Juvenal Bazilashe, Adelaide Dhorsan, and Cristina Tembe. “Curriculum Reform, Political Change, and Reinforcement of National Identify in Mozambique.” In Education, Conflict and Social Cohesion, edited by Sobhi Tawil and Alexandra Harley, 207-53. Geneva: UNESCO International Bureau of Education, 2004.
  • Bar-Tal, Daniel. “The Elusive Nature of Peace Education.” In Peace Education: The Concept, Principles, and Practices in the World, edited by Gabriel Salomon and Baruch Neve, 27-36. Mahway, NJ: Lawrence Extram, 2002.
  • Baxter, Pamela. UNHCR Peace Education Programme. Geneva: UNHCR, 2000.
  • –––. “The UNHCR Peace Education Programme: Skills for Life.” Forced Migration Review 11(2001): 28-30.
  • Beckerman, Zvi, and Claire McGlynn. Addressing Ethnic Conflict through Peace Education: International Perspectives. New York: Palgrave Macmillian, 2005.
  • Ben-Porath, Sigal. “War and Peace Education.” Journal of Philosophy of Education 37, no. 3 (2003): 525-33.
  • Bowder, Marina, and Valery Perry. “Returnees and the Challenges for Education Reform in Bosnia and Herzegovina in Ellison.” In Education and Internally Displaced Persons, edited by Christine Smith and Alan Smith, 142-64. New York: Bloomsbury, 2013.
  • Boutros-Ghali, Boutros. An Agenda for Peace. New York: United Nations, 1992.
  • Bretherton, Diane, Jane Weston, and Vic Zbar. “Peace Education in a Post-Conflict Environment: the Case of Sierra Leone.” Prospects 33, no. 2 (2003): 221-30.
  • Brock-Utne, Bridget. Education for Peace: A Feminist Perspective. New York: Pergamon Press, 1985.
  • Bush, Kenneth D., and Saltarelli, Diana. The Two Faces of Education in Ethnic Conflict. New York: UNICEF, 2000.
  • Cardozo, Mieke. T.A. Lopez. “Sri Lanka: In Peace or in Pieces? A Critical Approach to Peace Education in Sri Lanka.” Research in Comparative and International Education 3, no. 1 (2008): 19-33.
  • Clarke-Habibi, Sara. “Transforming Worldviews: The Case of Education for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina.” Journal of Transformative Education 3, no. 1 (2005): 33-56.
  • Danesh, H.B. “Towards an Integrative Theory of Peace Education.” Journal of Peace Education 3, no. 1 (2006): 55-78.
  • Dobbins, James. The UN’s Role in Nation-Building: From the Congo to Iraq. Santa Monica: Rand Corporation, 2005.
  • Dudouet, Veronique. “Transitions for Violence to Peace.” In Berghof Handbook for Conflict Transformation. Berlin: Berghof Research Center for Constructive Conflict Management, 2006.
  • Duffy, Terence. “Peace Education in a Divided Society: Creating a Culture of Peace in Northern Ireland.” Prospects XXX, no. 1 (2000): 15-29.
  • Dunn, Seamus, and Valerie Morgan. “A Fraught Path: Education as a basis for developing improved community relations in Northern Ireland.” Oxford Review of Education 25, no.1/2 (1999): 141-53.
  • Fischer, Astrid. “Integration or Segregation? Reforming the Education Sector.” In Peacebuilding and Civil Society in Bosnia and Herzegovina: Ten Years After Dayton, edited by Martina Fischer, 297-324. Munster: Lit-Verlag,
  • Fitzduff, Maria, and Isabella Jean. Peace Education: State of the Field and Lessons Learned From USIP Grantmaking. Washington, DC: United States Institute for Peace, 2011.
  • Fountain, Susan. “Peace Education in UNICEF.” Working Paper Series, Programme Division, Education Section, UNICEF, New York,1999.
  • Frayha, Nemer. “Developing Curriculum as a Means of Bridging National Divisions in Lebanon.” In Education, Conflict and Social Cohesion, edited by Sobhi Tawil and Alexandra Harley, 159-205. Geneva: UNESCO International Bureau of Education, 2004.
  • Galtung, Johan. Peace by Peaceful Means. London: Sage Publications Ltd., 1996.
  • ———. “Three Approaches to Peace: Peacekeeping, Peacemaking, and Peacebuilding.” In Peace,War and Defense: Essays in Peace Research Vol.2, 297-98. Copenhagen: Christian Ejlers, 1976.
  • Gur’Ze-ev, Ilan. Diasporic Philosophy and Counter-Education. Rotterdam: Sense Publishers, 2010a.
  • ———. “Philosophy of Peace Education in a Post-Modern Era.” Education Theory 51, no. 3 (2001): 315-36.
  • ———.The Possibility/Impossibility of a New Critical Language in Education. Rotterdam: Sense Publishers, 2010b.
  • Harris, Ian. “The Conceptual Underpinnings of Peace Education.” In Peace Education: The concept, principles and practices in the world, edited by Gabriel Salomon and Baruch Neve, 15-26. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 2002.
  • ———. Peace Education. Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 1988.
  • ———. “Peace Education Evaluation.” Paper Presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, 21-25 April, Chicago, IL, 2003.
  • Harris, Simon, and Nick Lewer. “Peace Education in Conflict Zones – Experience from Northern Sri Lanka.” Journal of Peace Education 5, no. 2 (2008): 127-40.
  • Lederach, John P. Building Peace: Sustainable Reconciliation in Divided Societies. Washington, DC: United States Institute for Peace, 1997.
  • Nelles, Wayne. “Bosnian Education for Security and Peacebuilding?” International Peacekeeping 13, no. 2 (2006): 229-41.
  • Neve, Baruch, and Iris Brem. “Peace Education Programs and the Evaluation of their Effectiveness.” In Peace education: The concept, principles and practices in the world, edited by Gabriel Salomon and Baruch Neve, 271-82. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 2002.
  • Northern Ireland Curriculum Council. Cross-curricular Themes - Guidance Materials. Belfast: NICC, 1990.
  • Paris, Roland. “International Peacebuilding and “Mission Civilistrace.” Review of International Studies 28, no. 4 (2002): 637-56.
  • Perera, Lal, Swarna Wijetunge, and Ajith S. Balasooriya. “Education Reform and Political Violence in Sri Lanka.” In Education, Conflict and Social Cohesion, edited by Sohbi Tawil and Alexandra Harley, 375-415. Geneva: UNESCO International Bureau of Education, 2004.
  • Perry, Valerie. “Reading, Writing, and Reconciliation: Educational Reform in Bosnia and Herzegovina.” Working Paper no. 18, European Centre for Minority Issues, Flensburg, 2003.
  • Perry, Valerie, and Soeren Keil. “The OSCE Mission in Bosnia and Herzegovina: Testing the Limits of Ownership.” Nationalities Papers: The Journal of Nationalism and Ethnicity 41, no. 3 (2013): 71-394.
  • Pavone, Vincenzo. From the Labyrinth of the World to the Paradise of the Heart: Science and Humanism in UNESCO’s Approach to Globalization. Plymouth, UK: Lexington Books, 2008.
  • Pigozzi, Mary. Education in Emergencies and for Reconstruction: A Developmental Approach. New York: United Nations Children’s Fund, 1999.
  • Reardon, Betty. Comprehensive Peace Education: Educating for Global Responsibility. New York: Teachers College Press, 1988.
  • Richardson, Norman. “Transformation: Diversity and Mutual Understanding in Statutory Curriculum.” In Education for Diversity and Mutual Understanding: The Experience of Northern Ireland, edited by Norman Richardson and Tony Gallagher. Bern: Peterlang, 2011.
  • Rutayisire, John, John Kabano, and Jolly Rubagiza. “Redefining Rwanda’s Future: The Role of Curriculum in Social Reconstruction.” In Education, Conflict and Social Cohesion, edited by Sobhi Tawil and Alexandra Harley, 315- 73. Geneva: UNESCO International Bureau of Education, 2004.
  • Salazar Tetzagüic, Manuel de Jesşs, and Katherine Grigsby. “Curriculum Change and Social Cohesion in Multicultural Guatemala.” In Education, Conflict and Social Cohesion, edited by Sobhi Tawil and Alexandra Harley, 85-157. Geneva: UNESCO International Bureau of Education, 2004.
  • Salm, Abuigideiri. “From Conflict Resolution Training to Peace Camps.” In And the Children Shall Lead Them: A NGO Journey into Peace Education, edited by Bill Lowrey, Allen Harder, and Vachel Miller, 3-33. Monrovia, CA: World Vision, 2005.
  • Salomon, Gabriel. “The Nature of Peace Education: Not All Programs Are Created Equal.” In Peace Education: The concept, principles and practices in the world, edited by Gabriel Salomon and Baruch Neve, 3-14. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 2002.
  • ———. “Peace Education: Its Nature, Nurture, and the Challenges it Faces.” In Handbook on Building Cultures of Peace, edited by Joseph de Rivera, 107-21. New York: Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 2009.
  • Salomon, Gabriel, and Baruch Neve. Peace Education: The Concept, Principles, and Practices around the World. New York: Psychology Press, 2002.
  • Save the Children Alliance. Where Peace Begins: Education’s Role in Conflict Prevention and Peacebuilding. London: International Save the Children Alliance, 2008.
  • Save the Children Norway. “Building Peace Out of War: Children and Young People as Agents of Peace- The Young Generations Challenge.” Paper presented at the International Conference, Oslo Norway, June 29-July 3, 2005.
  • Seitz, Klaus. Education and Conflict: The Role of Education in the Creation, Prevention, and Resolution of Societal Crises – Consequences for Development Cooperation. Postfach: German Technical Cooperation, 2004.
  • Smith, Alan. “The Influence of Education on Conflict and Peace Building.” Paper prepared for the Education for All Global Monitoring Report 2011-The Hidden Crisis: Armed Conflict and Education, UNESCO, Paris: 2010.
  • Smith, Alan, and Alan Robinson. Education for Mutual Understanding: The Initial Statutory Years. Coleraine, Ireland: University of Ulster, 1996.
  • Smith, Alan, and Tony Vauz. Education, Conflict, and International Development. London: Department of International Development, 2002.
  • Smith, Dan. “Trends and Causes of Armed Conflict.” In Berghof Handbook for Conflict Tranformation. Berlin: Berghof Research Center for Constructive Conflict Management, 2000.
  • Sommers, Marc. “Peace Education and Refugee Youth.” In Learning for a Future: Refugee Education in Developing Countries, edited by Jeff Crisp, Christopher Talbot and Daiana B. Cipollone, 163-216. Geneva: UNHCR, 2002.
  • Stabback, Philip. “Common Curriculum, Core Curriculum or Common Curriculum Standards: Finding a Solution for Bosnia and Herzegovina.” Prospects 37, no. 4 (2007): 449-67.
  • ———. “Curriculum Development, Diversity and Division in Bosnia and Herzegovain.” In Education, Conflict and Social Cohesion, edited by Sobhi Tawil and Alexandra Harley, 37-84. Geneva: UNESCO International Bureau of Education, 2007.
  • Steinburg, Gerald. “The Thin Line Between Peace Education and Political Advocacy: Toward a Code of Conduct.” In Educating Towards a Culture of Peace, edited by Yaacov Iram, 13-22. Greenwhich, CT: Information Age, 2004.
  • Tawil, Sobhi, and Alexandra Harley. Education, Conflict and Social Cohesion. Geneva: UNESCO International Bureau of Education, 2004.
  • Tent, James. Mission on the Rhine: Reeducation and Denazification in American-Occupied Germany. Chicago: University of Chicago, 1982.
  • Thapa, Manish, Raj Kumar Dhungana, Bhuvaneswari Mahalingam, and Jerome Conilleau. Peace by Peace: Mainstreaming Peace Education in South Asia. Sweden: Save the Children, 2010. http://resourcecentre. savethechildren.se/sites/default/files/documents/3255.pdf
  • Tomlinson, Kathryn, and Pauline Benefield. Education and Conflict: Research and Research Possibilities. Berkshire, UK: National Foundation for Educational Research, 2005.
  • UNESCO. Constitution of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. London: UNESCO, 1945.
  • UNICEF. The Role of Education in Peacebuilding: Literature Review. New York: United Nations Children’s Fund,
  • World Bank. Reshaping the Future: Education and Post-Conflict Reconstruction. Washington DC: World Bank, 2005.
Toplam 72 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Vanessa Tinker Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 2 Ocak 2016
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2016 Cilt: 5 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

Chicago Tinker, Vanessa. “Peace Education As a Post-Conflict Peacebuilding Tool”. All Azimuth: A Journal of Foreign Policy and Peace 5, sy. 1 (Ocak 2016): 27-42. https://doi.org/10.20991/allazimuth.167339.

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