Osmanlı döneminde tefsir ilmine dair
çok sayıda eser yazılmış olup bunların önemli bir bölümü kütüphanelerde yazma
halindedir. Ancak son zamanlarda yapılan çalışmalar sayesinde bu eserlerin bir
kısmı araştırmacıların hizmetine sunulmuştur. Bir kısmı ise hâlâ kütüphanelerde
ya da şahıs kitaplıklarında gün yüzüne çıkartılmayı beklemektedir. Bu tefsir
mirasının bir halkası da Kırım Türklerine aittir. Fatih Sultan Mehmed döneminde
Osmanlı hakimiyetine giren Kırım’da, tarih boyunca çok sayıda medrese kurulmuş,
bu medreselerde öğrenim gören talebeler, başta İstanbul olmak üzere, Osmanlı
coğrafyasının önemli merkezlerine yüksek tahsil için gitmişler ve gerek
gittikleri yerlerde gerekse kendi memleketlerinde eser telifi ile de
uğraşmışlardır. Onların çeşitli ilim dallarında telif ettikleri eserlerle
ilgili günümüzde şahıs ve eser merkezli bazı çalışmalar yapılmıştır. Ancak
tefsir ilmine dair müstakil bir çalışma bugüne kadar yapılmamıştır. Bu
çalışmada tefsir alanında eser veren Kırımlı müellifler ve onların ekseriyeti
kütüphanelerde yazma halinde olan eserlerini tespit edip tanıtmak ve böylece
ilim camiasına bir katkıda bulunmak hedeflenmiştir. Bu maksatla önce kütüphane
katalogları ve kaynaklar taranarak Kırım ulemasının tefsire dair eserleri
tespit edilmiş ardında bu eserler ve müellifleri kısaca tanıtılmıştır.
To date, several academic studies have been conducted
on Crimean authors and their works.
However, an independent study on interpretation works has not been done
yet. In some sources, the names of a few works on the interpretation of the
Crimean interpreters are mentioned. In our country, Ziya Demir briefly
presented two interpretation works of Crimean interpreters in his work named 'Ottoman
Interpreters and Interpretation Studies'. With the aim to fill the gap in this field, we deemed it appropriate
to introduce the Crimean interpreters and their works, which we consider to be
an important link of the Ottoman interpretation heritage. With this study, it
will be possible to see the collection of the interpretation works of the
Crimean Ulema of the Ottoman period and to obtain brief information about their
qualities and contents. Besides, a number of interpreters and their works,
about whom and which sources give no information, will be presented to the
attention of the scholars. As well as tabaqat books and main sources, catalogue
records of libraries affiliated to the Manuscript Institution of Turkey were
particularly used in the identification of the authors and works. In addition,
some of the biographies of the authors were taken from waivers and exordia of
the works. On the other hand, we do not claim that information was given about
all Crimean interpreters and their works in this article. For this reason, it
should not be underestimated that there may be interpreters and works that
couldn't be reached or that might have gone unnoticed. In addition, this study
does not intend to discuss the interpreters in question and their works with
all their aspects; it only aims to provide some organized information in this
area. For this reason, short biographies of the authors about whom we could
find information will be provided. Some brief information will be provided
regarding the contents of the relevant work while presenting the works
identified and if available, any copies of such works will be mentioned.
In this study,
biographies and works of 9 Crimean interpreters who spent a significant part of
their lives in services related with science, consultancy and various state
affairs in different locations of the Ottoman land were briefly discussed.
Important and new information about their lives and works was obtained.
However, their works on interpretation were mainly discussed. In the research
carried out, it was determined that these interpreters had a total of seventeen
works on interpretation and twelve of them were accessed. As for the remaining
five, only their names could be discovered. Three of these were the
interpretations of verse, one was the interpretation of Surah and the other one
was a collection of works written for the footnote written by Hafaci for the
interpretation of Beydavi. Those
twelve works that could be reached were studied. Four of these works are the
interpretations of verse. Four of them are in form of annotations, three of
which were written on various Surahs in Envâru't-tenzîl and esrâru't-te'vîlof
Beydavi. One of them is the annotation placed in front of Curcani's annotation
of Kessaf. All these annotations are voluminous. However, none of them
has the feature of an annotation, indeed. Three of the remaining works are in
the form of interpretations of Surah. The last work is the interpretation
called as 'Mevakib', which is Ferruh Efendi's Ottoman translation of the
interpretation named as 'al-Mevahibu'l-Aliyye fi Tefsiri'l-Kelami'r
Rabbaniyye', written by Huseyin b. Ali al-Vaiz al-Herevi
al-Kasifi in Persian language. Yet, this work is not a mere translation.
It was expanded with the explanations made by the interpreter where necessary.
In addition, it is the only complete interpretation and the one printed work
identified in this study. All other works apart from that were in the form of
manuscript and no other complete form of interpretation was encountered. The
interpretation of Mevakib was accepted
by different segments of society in a short time and it marked the last period
of the Ottoman State with several successive publications. Other works written
by the Crimean Ulema on the interpretation did not show a similar effect. Only
five of the works regarding the interpretation introduced in the article are in
Turkish and the rest are in Arabic. This is undoubtedly influenced by the fact
that the language of science in the Ottoman Empire was Arabic. Another reason
is the target group. While the target
group was the public in those written in Turkish, those in Arabic
were mostly written for the scholars. Therefore, whereas Turkish works had a
simpler form of narration, the language and style used in Arabic works were
more elaborated. Although the reasoning method was mainly adopted in the works
discussed, the reporting method was also used in almost every work. Linguistic
analyses and eloquent explanations were extensively included, and Sufi
commentaries were occasionally used, as well. Interpretations of Beydavi and
Zemahseri and their annotations constitute the main sources of the relevant
works. On the other hand, linguistic trends such as Basra and Kufa and masters
of language like Sibeveyh, Ferra and Firuzabadi were frequently referred to.
Many sources in different branches of science were referred to, as well.
Finally, we would like to point out that not all the works compiled by the
Crimean authors have been brought to light, yet. Therefore, it would be
possible to find new works as the researches continue. For this reason, it
should not be considered that the works of the Ottoman Crimean Ulema regarding
interpretation are limited to those mentioned here.
Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
---|---|
Konular | Din Araştırmaları |
Bölüm | Araştırma Makaleleri |
Yazarlar | |
Yayımlanma Tarihi | 30 Aralık 2019 |
Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2019 Sayı: 13 |
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