All publication processes applied in the ANABIDA Journal serve as the foundation for the impartial and reliable development and dissemination of knowledge. The ethical duties and responsibilities adopted by the journal are based on the principles outlined in the Higher Education Institutions Scientific Research and Publication Ethics Directive and the principles published by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). All stakeholders are expected to fulfill the following ethical responsibilities within the scope of publication ethics. Programs such as iThenticate or Turnitin may be used for ethical auditing and the prevention of unethical actions.

Ethical duties and responsibilities have been prepared by taking into account the guides and policies published by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) as open access. In this context, the ethical responsibilities of the journal editor, reviewers, and authors are explained in detail below. 

Ethical Responsibilities of Authors 

Authors who submit work to the ANABIDA Journal are expected to comply with the following ethical responsibilities:

• The submitted work must be original. If the author(s) have made use of or utilized other works, they must provide full and accurate citations or references.
• All authors mentioned in the work must have contributed individually to the research and must take responsibility for it.
• Potential conflicts of interest or relationships that may constitute a conflict must be disclosed.
• Authors must prove that they have the right to use the data in their work, have obtained the necessary permissions for analyses, and, if applicable, have obtained consent from the subjects of the study.
• The authors cannot submit the same study to multiple journals simultaneously.
• It is not permissible to propose changes in the author's responsibilities (such as adding or removing authors, or changing the order of authors) for a work that is in the evaluation process.
• Authors must ensure that the text, figures, and documents in the article do not violate the copyrights of others.
• Authors are obliged to notify the journal editor or publisher if they discover a mistake or error in their published, early view, or evaluation-stage work and to cooperate in correcting or retracting the work.

During the evaluation process, authors may be asked to provide the raw data related to their articles; in such cases, authors must present the expected data and information to the editorial board.

According to ethical rules, research that requires ethics committee approval for evaluation in the journal includes:

• All kinds of research conducted using qualitative or quantitative approaches that require data collection from participants through survey, interview, focus group work, observation, experiment, and interview techniques,
  
• Research where humans and animals (including materials/data) are used for experimental or other scientific purposes,
  
• Clinical research on humans,
• All research conducted on animals,
• Retrospective studies in accordance with the law on the protection of personal data.

In this context, in studies to be evaluated in our journal:

• It should be stated in case reports that informed consent has been obtained.
• Permission should be obtained and stated for the use of others' scales, surveys, or photographs.
• It should be indicated that copyright regulations have been complied with for the intellectual and artistic works used.

Ethical Responsibilities of Editors

The editors of the ANABIDA Journal must adhere to the following ethical duties and responsibilities based on the "COPE Code of Conduct and Best Practice Guidelines for Journal Editors" and the "COPE Best Practice Guidelines for Journal Editors," published as open access by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE):

Editors:

• Are responsible for everything published in the journal.
  
• Must manage the processes aimed at improving the quality of the published works.
  
• Should conduct their processes without compromising intellectual property rights and ethical standards.
  
• Must strive to meet the information needs of readers and authors.
  
• Should make decisions by considering the expectations of readers, researchers, and practitioners in need of information, skills, and experience. They must ensure that the published works contribute to readers, researchers, practitioners, and the scientific literature, and have original quality.
• Must ensure that studies within the scope of the journal are subjected to preliminary evaluation unless they have serious problems.
  
• Should make positive or negative decisions based on the importance, originality, validity, clarity of expression, and the journal's aims and objectives.
  
• Should not ignore positive reviewer recommendations unless there is a serious issue with the work.
  
• New editors should not change decisions made by the previous editor(s) regarding the works unless there is a serious issue.
  
• Must ensure that the "Double-Blind Peer Review and Evaluation Process" is implemented and prevent deviations from defined processes.
  
• Should publish a "Guide for Authors" that comprehensively covers every issue expected from authors.
  
• Should provide feedback to authors in an informative, explanatory, and courteous manner.
  
• Must select reviewers suitable for the subject of the work.
  
• Must ensure there are no conflicts of interest between authors and reviewers.
  
• Must keep the identity of the reviewers confidential in the context of blind peer review.
  
• Should take steps to update the reviewer pool dynamically.
  
• Must prevent discourteous and non-scientific evaluations.
  
• Should ensure that the works of the editorial board members are evaluated impartially and independently.
• Must ensure that all processes involving the editorial board are carried out by publishing policies and guidelines. They should inform the editorial board about publishing policies and keep them updated on developments.
  
• Should select new editorial board members who can contribute and possess suitable qualities. They should send work to editorial board members for review according to their expertise.
  
• Should regularly interact with the editorial board. They should organize meetings with the editorial board to discuss publishing policies and the journal's development.
  
• The relationship between editors and publishers should be based on the principle of editorial independence.
  
• They are responsible for applying the "Double-Blind Peer Review and Evaluation Process" policies defined in the journal's publishing policies. Editors must ensure that every work is fairly, impartially, and timely evaluated.
  
• Are responsible for ensuring that all articles published in the journal comply with the journal's publishing policies and international standards.
  
• Must protect the personal data of individuals or visuals related to the evaluated works. They are responsible for rejecting works that do not have documented consent from individuals used in studies.
  
• Are responsible for taking precautions against possible misconduct and abuse. Editors are responsible for conducting careful and objective investigations of complaints regarding such situations, as well as sharing findings related to the matter.
  
• Must ensure the prompt correction of errors, inconsistencies, or misleading judgments in evaluated works.
  
• Are responsible for protecting the intellectual property rights of published articles and defending the rights of the journal and authors in case of violations. Editors must also take necessary precautions to ensure that the content of published works does not infringe on the intellectual property rights of other publications.
  
• Should take into account persuasive criticisms regarding the published works and adopt a constructive attitude toward these criticisms. Authors of criticized works should be given the right to respond.
  
• Are responsible for carefully examining complaints received from authors, reviewers, or readers, and responding in an illuminating and explanatory manner.
  
• No political or commercial factors, including the journal owner or publisher, can affect the editors' independent decision-making.
  
• Editors must ensure that the publishing process is completed independently and impartially, considering potential conflicts of interest between authors, reviewers, and other editors.

Ethical Responsibilities of Reviewers

The ANABIDA Journal employs a double-blind peer review system. Reviewers cannot directly communicate with the authors, and evaluations and comments are conveyed through the journal's management system. Reviewer comments on evaluation forms and full texts are forwarded to the author(s) through the editor. Reviewers evaluating studies are expected to adhere to the following ethical responsibilities:

Reviewers:

• Must conduct an objective evaluation.
  
• Should accept to evaluate only studies related to their area of expertise.
• Must refuse to evaluate a study if they recognize a conflict of interest and inform the journal editor.
  
• Must destroy the studies they have reviewed after the evaluation process is complete. They may only use the final versions of the evaluated studies after publication. Additionally, they must not use any data from a reviewed but unpublished manuscript.
  
• Must objectively evaluate based solely on the content of the study. Nationality, gender, religious beliefs, political beliefs, and commercial interests must not influence the evaluation.
  
• Must conduct the review in a constructive and polite manner.
  
• Must complete the review within the agreed timeframe and in compliance with the above ethical responsibilities.

Research Ethics

The professional ethical principles regarding research ethics outlined below contribute to the objectives of the research, support the values required for collaboration, ensure the researchers' responsibility to the public, build public trust and reliability, and promote various moral and social values. The expected professional ethical principles in research ethics are detailed below:

1. Openness: The researcher must share the data, materials, sources, and findings used with the public. They must be open to criticism and new ideas.
2. Honesty and Accuracy: The researcher must interpret their findings honestly. They must accurately report the results, methods, and procedures.
3. Harm Prevention: The researcher must not harm the object or subject of interest. Researchers must respect the privacy and secrets of individuals, and they must not use personal names in their research unless permitted.
4. Intellectual Property: Patents, copyrights, and other intellectual property rights must be respected. Unauthorized use of data, methods, and results should be avoided, and contributors must be properly cited.
5. Confidentiality: Confidential communications, personnel records, trade secrets, and patient records must be protected.
6. Objectivity: Biased experiment design, data analysis, and interpretations should be avoided. The researcher must maintain objectivity throughout the research process.
7. Consistency: Consistency and integrity should be ensured throughout the study.
8. Diligence: Errors and omissions caused by carelessness should be avoided by thoroughly reviewing the work from start to finish.
9. Protection of Individuals: In research involving humans, risks and harm should be minimized, and human dignity, privacy, and autonomy must be protected. National and international regulations and guidelines concerning research on humans and animals should be adhered to when planning and conducting research.

Publication Policy

All submitted manuscripts are first subjected to a preliminary review in terms of content and format. Any publication outside the journal's aims and scope is rejected without further review. 

Manuscripts are sent to at least two reviewers who are experts in the relevant field for evaluation. If one review is positive and the other is negative, the decision is made by the journal editors. If necessary, the manuscript may be sent to a third reviewer for evaluation. 

Manuscripts must not be under review by another journal at the same time and must not have been previously accepted for publication or published elsewhere. The responsibility for ensuring compliance with these conditions lies with the author(s) of the manuscript. 

No specific deadline is provided for the manuscript evaluation process.

Open Access Policy 

ANABIDA Journal is an open-access journal, offering unrestricted access to its content for all users. The journal adopts an open-access policy in line with the principle of increasing the global exchange of knowledge to bring about beneficial outcomes for humanity.

This policy follows the guidelines of the Budapest Open Access Initiative (http://www.budapestopenaccessinitiative.org/read). Users can read, download, distribute, print, and link to the full texts of the articles in the journal without requiring permission from the publisher or author(s), provided that proper citation is made.

Conflict of Interest

By ANABIDA Journal's publication policy, only individuals who have made a genuine contribution to the article should be listed as authors. The author(s) of the submitted manuscript must declare that there are no personal or financial conflicts of interest related to the study. This declaration must be submitted by the author(s) as a signed PDF form, available in the "Documents" section of the journal's website, before the article is published. 

Reviewers must inform the journal's editorial board if they suspect any conflict of interest regarding the manuscript they are evaluating. If necessary, they should decline to review the manuscript. To prevent conflicts of interest, individuals from the same institution as the authors cannot act as reviewers for the article. 

Editors must not have any personal or financial conflicts of interest with the manuscripts they handle.

Review Process 

The articles submitted to the ANABIDA Journal are evaluated through a double-blind peer review system. Apart from area editors and editorial board members, at least two independent reviewers (holding a PhD in the relevant field) evaluate the manuscript. 

If one reviewer provides a positive review and the other a negative one, the Journal's Publication Committee will review the reports and decide whether to assign a third reviewer or return the manuscript to the author. To be accepted for publication, at least two reviewers must provide positive feedback. 

Manuscripts submitted to the journal must comply with the journal's formatting rules, must not have been previously published elsewhere, and must not be under review at any other journal at the time of submission. 

The responsibility for the content, scientific merit, and language of the published articles rests with the authors, and ANABIDA Journal and its editors cannot be held liable in this regard.

Plagiarism Policy 

All manuscripts submitted to ANABIDA Journal undergo a similarity check using internationally recognized plagiarism detection software by the Editorial Board before publication. During the submission process, authors are required to run their manuscripts through a plagiarism detection program (such as iThenticate, Turnitin, or İntihal Net). After the peer review process is complete, the area editors also run a final plagiarism check on the manuscript's final version (after language editing). 

The rules for determining the similarity ratio are as follows: 

• The overall similarity ratio of the manuscript must be 30% or lower. If the overall similarity ratio exceeds 30%, the manuscript is returned to the author without proceeding to the peer review process. 
• Bibliographic materials (references, citations, etc.) are not included in the similarity check. 
• The editor may conduct a similarity check at any stage of the publication process. 

All authors submitting manuscripts are deemed to have accepted these rules.

Copyright Policy 

All publication rights for articles accepted for publication after the peer review process belong to ANABIDA Journal. No copyright fees are paid for published articles. 

Authors must submit a Copyright Transfer Form (Commitment Form), signed and completed, to the Journal's Publication Committee. This form confirms that the submitted manuscript has not been previously published or is not currently under review elsewhere and that, upon acceptance, all publication rights of the manuscript will permanently belong to ANABIDA Journal.

Data Policy

ANABIDA Journal adopts a policy of making the data sets used in the analyses of published articles clearly and explicitly documented, ensuring that they are accessible to any researcher. Authors of empirical, experimental, and simulation-based articles are required to provide sufficient data, programs, and other details for replication before the article is published. 

For econometric analyses and simulations, authors must clearly describe the data sets, software packages, and tools used in their models. 

For experimental articles, the journal has a more detailed policy, with the following additional materials expected from authors (exceptions to this policy may be requested at the time of submission): 

• Original Instructions: These should be summarized as part of the experimental design discussion in the submitted article and should also be fully submitted as an appendix at the time of submission. The instructions should be presented in such a way that a reasonably competent experimenter could replicate the design.
  
• Computer Programs, Configuration Files, or Scripts: These should be summarized in the submitted article and fully provided when the final version of the article is submitted.
  
• Raw Data: These should be summarized in the submitted article and fully provided when the final version is submitted, with sufficient detail to allow the data analysis to be replicated using the provided computer programs.

Article Retraction and Correction

According to ANABIDA Journal’s publication policies, the responsibilities of the author(s) and the publication board regarding the retraction or correction of an article are detailed below:

Responsibilities of Authors 

If the author(s) discover a mistake or error in their work, whether during the initial submission, review, early view, or after publication, they are required to cooperate with the journal editor in the retraction process. Authors who wish to retract their submission during the initial submission or review stages must submit a "Retraction Form" signed by all authors and deliver it to the editorial board. The editor and the publication board will follow the process outlined under "Editor and Publication Board's Responsibilities Regarding Author Retraction Requests."

If the author(s) discover a mistake or error in their published work, they are responsible for cooperating with the journal editor in the correction process. Authors who wish to request a correction must submit a "Correction Request Form," signed by all authors, to the editorial board. The editor and the publication board will follow the process outlined under "Editor and Publication Board's Responsibilities Regarding Author Correction Requests."

Responsibilities of the Editor and Publication Board

The editor and publication board of ANABIDA Journal are responsible for initiating an investigation into any action or situation that violates the "Publication Ethics" and "Research Ethics" policies related to a published, early view, or under-review article.

If the publication board determines that copyright infringement or plagiarism occurred during the review process, the article will be retracted from evaluation, and the identified issues will be returned to the authors with detailed source references. If copyright infringement or plagiarism is detected in a published or early view article, the following retraction and notification actions will be completed within 15 days:

For works identified as containing ethical violations:

1. The term "Retracted" will be added to the title in the electronic display.
   
2. The abstract and full text will be replaced with the reasons for retraction, including detailed evidence and, if available, notifications from the institutions and organizations to which the author(s) are affiliated.
   
3. A retraction notice will be posted on the journal’s homepage.
   
4. The title "Retracted: [Article Title]" will be added to the table of contents in both the electronic and printed copies of the next available issue, starting on the first page, explaining the reasons for the retraction and referencing the original sources.
   
5. The retraction notifications will be sent to the institutions affiliated with the author(s).
   
6. Retraction notifications will also be forwarded to the indexing institutions and organizations where the journal is listed and to the National Library for indexing and cataloging purposes.

Additionally, the publication board may suggest that other publishing houses or editorial boards retract previous publications by authors involved in ethical violations to ensure the validity and reliability of the published works.

The editorial board will review the retraction request submitted by the author(s) according to the procedure outlined under "Author Responsibilities During the Article Retraction Process" and provide feedback to the author(s) within 15 days. Authors cannot submit their work to another journal for evaluation until the retraction request is approved by the editorial board, especially for works where the copyright has already been transferred to ANABIDA Journal.

The ANABIDA Journal’s publication board will initiate a review process for retraction requests following the procedures described under "Author Responsibilities During the Article Retraction Process." If the retraction reasons are deemed valid after evaluation, the publication board will carry out the retraction process in accordance with the specified procedures.

The online version of an article is considered the final and complete version. Although it is possible to correct this version, ANABIDA Journal’s policy permits corrections only in very limited circumstances.

The publication board will review and assess correction requests from authors, as outlined under "Author Responsibilities Regarding Requests for Correction of Published Articles," and, if necessary, seek expert opinion. If the correction is deemed necessary due to a serious scientific error or if it affects the reputation of the author or the journal, a correction may be published. If the correction is approved, the revised article will be published in subsequent issues under the "Corrected Articles" section.