BALKAN MIGRATION ROUTE AND TÜRKİYE IN THE CONTEXT OF REGIONAL SECURITY COMPLEX THEORY

Border security is a critical aspect of national and societal stability for many countries, presenting complex challenges for nation-states. The large-scale population movements from Syria following the Arab Spring in 2011 have underscored the importance of effective border management strategies. Rather than framing migration as a "national security problem," it is essential to approach these movements as multifaceted phenomena requiring balanced policies that prioritize both state interests and humanitarian considerations. The Balkan route serves as a primary pathway for migrants traveling from Syria to Europe. States along this route often perceive migration through a security lens, which can lead to the development of policies that prioritize control over humanitarian needs, potentially exacerbating vulnerabilities among migrant populations. A critical examination of this securitization reveals the need for policies that address the root causes of migration while upholding human rights. Geographically, Türkiye occupies a strategic position between countries of origin and destination, acting as a key transit state. This positioning enables Türkiye to influence migration dynamics between the Middle East and Europe. Rather than solely acting as a barrier, Türkiye's role can be understood as that of a mediator, shaping migration flows through its policies and engaging with European Union frameworks. This study analyzes the challenges posed by irregular migration along the Balkan route, with a focus on the dynamics between Europe and Türkiye. Additionally, it evaluates whether Türkiye aligns with the concept of an "insulator state" in the context of irregular migration, exploring its role in facilitating or managing migration flows.