ULUSLARARASI SİYASET VE ETİK: KÜRESEL YOKSULLUK ÜZERİNE OLUMLU, OLUMSUZ VE MÜTEKABİL GÖREVLER

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 24 Sayı: 1, 381 - 399, 27.03.2023

Burak Başkan

https://doi.org/10.53443/anadoluibfd.1203682

Öz

Küresel yoksulluk, gerek insan yaşamı üzerindeki yıkıcı etkileri gerekse toplumdaki çok çeşitli eşitsizliklerin ana kaynağı olması nedeniyle etik tartışmaların merkezinde yer alan bir konudur. Yoksulluğun azaltılması için insanlığın ahlaki görevlerini konu edinen bu çalışma, insanlığın mevcut yoksullara yardım etmeyi içeren pozitif görevleri ile yeni yoksulların ortaya çıkmasını engelleyecek ve yoksulluğa kalıcı çözümlerin getirilmesine önayak olacak negatif görevleri olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Çalışmanın özgünlüğü ise yoksulların pozitif hak taleplerini, hayırseverlere yönelik ‘mütekabil pozitif ve negatif görevler’ yerine getirmeleri koşuluna bağlamasından kaynaklanmaktadır. Çalışma, negatif ve pozitif görevlerin kişiler arası dağılımında bir hiyerarşi belirlenmesi gerektiği görüşünü savunarak hem yardım talep edenler hem de yardımda bulunanlar arasında adil bir görev dağılımının düzenlenmesine katkı sağlamayı amaçlamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Küresel Yoksulluk, Etik, Pozitif Görevler, Negatif görevler, Mütekabil Görevler

INTERNATIONAL POLITICS AND ETHICS: POSITIVE, NEGATIVE AND RECIPROCAL DUTIES ON GLOBAL POVERTY

Öz

Global poverty has been an issue at the centre of ethical debates, because it has devastating effects on human life and it is the main source of various inequalities in society. This paper, which deals with the moral duties of humanity to reduce global poverty, argues that humanity has both positive duties to help the existing poor and negative duties to prevent the emergence of new poor and to find a permanent solution to poverty. The argument that ensures paper’s originality is that the poor, who claim positive rights for themselves, are obliged to fulfil their ‘reciprocal negative and positive duties’ towards the benefactors in return. By defending the opinion that a hierarchy should be determined for the interpersonal distribution of negative and positive duties, the paper also contributes to a fair distribution of duties between both those who request aid and those who aid.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Global Poverty, Ethics, Positive Duties, Negative Duties, Reciprocal Duties

Kaynakça

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