EVALUATING THE EFFICIENCY OF COUNTRIES' DIGITALIZATION IN TERMS OF FINANCIAL INCLUSION BY USING DEA

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 25 Sayı: 2, 415 - 442, 30.06.2024

Hilal Ok Ergün

https://doi.org/10.53443/anadoluibfd.1297762

Öz

The aim of the study is to evaluate the efficiency of countries in digitalization in terms of financial inclusion, in other words, their success in digitalization. Within the scope of the study, 117 countries were grouped as high, upper-middle, lower middle and low income and subjected to Data Envelopment Analysis. In the study conducted for the year 2021, four input variables related to the utilization and access of digital financial services were identified, along with ten corresponding output variables. Efficient countries were determined in the study based on the constant and variable return scale model for output. Digital efficiency has been identified in financial inclusion was detected in 25 countries based on variable returns and 18 countries based on constant returns in high-income countries. In upper-middle-income countries, digital efficiency in financial inclusion was identified in 12 countries based on variable returns and 9 countries based on constant returns. 16 countries in the lower middle and low income categories demonstrated digital efficiency in financial inclusion using variable returns, while 9 countries detected digital efficiency using constant returns. In the study, the comprehensive analysis of the success of digitalization in financial inclusion at the level of countries divided into income groups by using data envelopment analysis reveals the originality of the study.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Financial Inclusion, Digitalization, Efficiency

ÜLKELERİN FİNANSAL KAPSAYICILIK AÇISINDAN DİJİTALLEŞMEDEKİ ETKİNLİKLERİNİN VZA İLE DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

Öz

Çalışmanın amacı, ülkelerin finansal kapsayıcılık açısından dijitalleşmedeki etkinliklerinin diğer bir ifadeyle dijitalleşmedeki başarılarının değerlendirilmesidir. Çalışma kapsamında 117 ülke yüksek, üst-orta, düşük ve düşük-orta gelirli olmak üzere gruplandırılarak Veri Zarflama Analizi’ne tabi tutulmuştur. 2021 yılı için yapılan çalışmada, ilgili ülkelerde dijital finansal hizmetlerin erişimi ve kullanımı kapsamında 4 girdi ve 10 çıktı değişkeni belirlenmiştir. Çıktıya yönelik sabit ve değişken getiri modeline dayalı olarak yapılan çalışmada etkin ülkeler belirlenmiştir. Yüksek gelir grubunda yer alan ülkelerde değişken getiriye göre 25, sabit getiriye göre 18 ülkede finansal kapsayıcılıkta dijital etkinlik tespit edilmiştir. Üst-orta gelirli ülkelerde değişken getiriye göre 12, sabit getiriye göre 9; düşük ve düşük-orta gelirli ülkelerde değişken getiriye göre 16, sabit getiriye göre 9 ülkede finansal kapsayıcılık açısından dijitalleşme sürecinde etkinlik saptanmıştır. Çalışmada, gelir gruplarına ayrılmış olan ülkeler düzeyinde finansal kapsayıcılıkta dijitalleşme başarısının veri zarflama analizi ile kapsamlı olarak ele alınması çalışmanın özgün tarafını ortaya koymaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Finansal Kapsayıcılık, Dijitalleşme, Etkinlik

Kaynakça

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