The effect of tooth loss on the cancellous bone pattern of the mandible and on the superior bony wall of the mandibular canal: a micro-CT study

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 16 Sayı: 1, 1 - 6, 20.04.2022

Ferhat Geneci , Mert Ocak , Bilge İpek Torun Handan Soysal

Öz

Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of tooth loss on the cancellous bone pattern of the mandible and on the superior bony wall of the mandibular canal.
Methods: Twenty-four dry mandibles without any physical deformation were scanned with high-resolution micro-CT device. The second premolar, first, second, and third molar regions on the mandibular canal, the presence of the bony superior wall of the mandibular canal and the cancellous bone pattern of the mandible were examined on micro-CT images. The images were classified into three groups, Type I (trabecular pattern), Type II (osteoporotic pattern), and Type III (dense/irregular pattern). The presence of the bony superior wall of the mandibular canal was noted as absent or present.
Results: While 133 (91%) of the dentulous sections were showing Type I trabecular cancellous bone pattern; 25 (54%) of the edentulous sections were of Type I. The superior wall was visible in 90 (62%) of the dentulous regions and in 41 (89%) of the edentulous areas. The cancellous bone pattern of the mandible of the majority of dentulous and edentulous areas had a regular trabecular structure. Dense and irregular trabecular structure were encountered only in edentulous areas.
Conclusion: We suggest that there is a very strong relationship between the superior bony wall of the mandibular canal and the cancellous bone pattern of the mandible. We conclude that the trabecular structure of the mandible could change following tooth loss and this have an effect on the change of the structure and the presence of the superior wall of the mandibular canal.

Anahtar Kelimeler

mandible, mandibular canal, micro-CT, tooth loss, trabeculae

Kaynakça

• Cunningham CA, Fernandez-Miranda JC. The skull. In: Standring S, editor. Gray’s anatomy: the anatomical basis of clinical practice. 42nd ed. Edinburgh (Scotland): Elsevier Churchill Livingstone; 2021. p. 558–60.
• Iwanaga J, Matsushita Y, Decater T, Ibaragi S, Tubbs RS. Mandibular canal vs. inferior alveolar canal: evidence-based terminology analysis. Clin Anat 2021;34:209–17.
• Ngeow WC, Chai WL. The clinical anatomy of accessory mandibular canal in dentistry. Clin Anat 2020;33:1214–27.
• Barker BC, Lockett BC. Multiple canals in the rami of a mandible. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1972;34:384–9.
• Olivier E. The inferior dental canal and its nerve in the adult. British Dental Journal 1928;49:356–8.
• Mallya SM, Lam EWN. White and Pharoah’s oral radiology: principles and interpretation. 7th ed. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier Mosby; 2014. p. 636.
• Kaufman E, Serman NJ, Wang PD. Bilateral mandibular accessory foramina and canals: a case report and review of the literature. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2000;29:170–5.
• Eshak M, Brooks S, Abdel-Wahed N, Edwards PC. Cone beam CT evaluation of the presence of anatomic accessory canals in the jaws. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2014;43:20130259.
• Haas LF, Dutra K, Porporatti AL, Mezzomo LA, De Luca Canto G, Flores-Mir C, Correa M. Anatomical variations of mandibular canal detected by panoramic radiography and CT: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Dentomaxillofacial Radiol 2016;45:20150310.
• Iwanaga J, Katafuchi M, Matsushita Y, Kato T, Horner K, Tubbs RS. Anatomy of the mandibular canal and surrounding structures. Part I: morphology of the superior wall of the mandibular canal. Ann Anat 2020;232:151580.
• Kilic C, Kamburoglu K, Ozen T, Balcioglu HA, Kurt B, Kutoglu T, Ozan H. The position of the mandibular canal and histologic feature of the inferior alveolar nerve. Clin Anat 2010;23:34–42.
• Lahoud P, Diels S, Niclaes L, Aelst SV, Willems H, Gerven AV, Quirynen M, Jacobs R. Development and validation of a novel artificial intelligence driven tool for accurate mandibular canal segmentation on CBCT. J Dent 2022;116:103891.
• Iwanaga J, Shiromoto K, Kato T, Tanaka T, Ibaragi S, Tubbs RS. Anatomy of the mandibular canal and surrounding structures. Part II: cancellous pattern of the mandible. Ann Anat 2020;232:151583
• Bertl K, Heimel P, Reich KM, Schwarze UY, Ulm C. A histomorphometricanalysis of the nature of the mandibular canal in the anterior molar region. Clin Oral Investig 2014;18:41–7.
• Schwarz MS, Rothman SL, Rhodes ML, Chafetz N. Computed tomography: part I. Preoperative assessment of the mandible for endosseous implant surgery. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 1987;2:137–41.
• Iwanaga J, Anand MK, Jain MN, Nagata M, Matsushita Y, Ibaragi S, Kusukawa J, Tubbs RS. Microsurgical anatomy of the superior wall of the mandibular canal and surrounding structures: suggestion for new classifications for dental implantology. Clin Anat 2020;33:223–31.
• Gowgiel JM. The position and course of the mandibular canal. J Oral Implantol 1992;18:383–5.
• Polland KE, Munro S, Reford G, Lockhart A, Logan G, Brocklebank L, McDonald SW. The mandibular canal of the edentulous jaw. Clin Anat 2001;14:445–52.