Undernutrition in the last period of lactation may have adverse effects on skeletal development

Year 2024, Volume: 18 Issue: 3, 91 - 100, 30.12.2024

Hakan Ay , Ferruh Yücel

Abstract

Objectives: Malnutrition in childhood causes permanent damage. Studies report that there are different developmental mechanisms at different stages of breastfeeding. Our study aims to observe the effects of undernutrition in the first and last weeks of lactation on body weight and skeletal development after rehabilitation until puberty, and ultimately to reveal which period of lactation is more critical.
Methods: Lactating rats were undernourished by receiving half the diet consumed by control mothers during the first (0–7th day, U1 group) or third (14–21st day, U2 group) week of lactation. Rats were weighed each week and radiographs were taken on the 21st and 49th days. All measurements were taken directly on the radiographs.
Results: On day 49, the body weight and body length of the two undernourished groups were lower than those of the controls. U2 was behind in all measurements except head, pelvic, iliac, and ischial lengths. U2 also lagged behind U1 in body, tail, spine, upper limb, and tibia lengths. While U1 did not differ from controls in many measurements, femur length, bi-iliac, bi-acetabular, and ischial width were less than controls.
Conclusion: Undernutrition in the last week of lactation affected body weight and skeletal development more than malnutrition in the first postnatal week.

Keywords

lactation, radiograph, rat, skeletal development, undernutrition

Laktasyonun son dönemindeki yetersiz beslenme iskelet gelişimi üzerinde olumsuz etkilere neden olabilir

Abstract

Amaç: Çocukluk çağında yetersiz beslenme kalıcı hasara neden olur. Çalışmalar emzirmenin farklı aşamalarında farklı gelişim mekanizmaları olduğunu bildirmektedir. Çalışmamızın amacı laktasyonun ilk ve son haftalarındaki yetersiz beslenmenin rehabilitasyon sonrası puberte dönemine kadar vücut ağırlığı ve iskelet gelişimi üzerindeki etkilerini gözlemlemek ve sonuçta laktasyonun hangi döneminin daha kritik olduğunu ortaya koymaktır.
Metot: Emziren sıçanlar, laktasyonun ilk (0-7. gün, U1 grubu) veya üçüncü (14-21. gün, U2 grubu) haftasında kontrol anneleri tarafından tüketilen diyetin yarısını alarak yetersiz beslendi. Sıçanlar her hafta tartılmış ve 21. ve 49. günlerde radyografileri çekilmiştir. Tüm ölçümler doğrudan radyografiler üzerinden alınmıştır.
Bulgular: 49. günde, yetersiz beslenen iki grubun vücut ağırlığı ve vücut uzunluğu kontrol grubundan daha düşüktü. U2 baş, pelvik, iliak ve iskial uzunlukları hariç tüm ölçümlerde gerideydi. U2 ayrıca gövde, kuyruk, omurga, üst ekstremite ve tibia uzunluklarında da U1'in gerisinde kalmıştır. U1 birçok ölçümde kontrollerden farklı değilken, femur uzunluğu, bi-iliak, bi-asetabular ve iskial genişlik kontrollerden daha azdı.
Sonuç: Laktasyonun son haftasındaki yetersiz beslenme, vücut ağırlığını ve iskelet gelişimini postnatal ilk haftadaki yetersiz beslenmeden daha fazla etkilemiştir.

Keywords

laktasyon, yetersiz beslenme, iskelet gelişimi, sıçan, radyografi

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