HERBAL SUPPLEMENTS USED IN THE TREATMENT OF ATTENTION DEFICIT AND HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1, 167 - 177, 25.04.2024

Özlem Çankaya

Öz

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a multifactorial neurodevelopmental disorder with cognitive, motor, sensory, emotional and behavioural problems. Treatment of the disorder varies according to age. Behavioural therapy is mainly recommended for cases aged 4-5 years. If no results are obtained or if symptoms persist, medication may be added. The use of medical treatment, particularly in childhood, is viewed with suspicion by families because of some undesirable side effects and the risk of addiction and abuse. In this article, we would like to discuss some medicinal plants that are used in ADHD patients without or in addition to medical treatment, and their safety and efficacy.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Herbal Supplements, Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, Plants, Natural products

Kaynakça

• [1] Sahin B, Bozkurt A, Karabekiroglu K. Sleep Problems in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Duzce Medical Journal, 2018; 20(3):81–86.
• [2] Wilens TE, Spencer TJ. Understanding attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder from childhood to adulthood. Postgrad Med, 2010;122(5):97-109.
• [3] Mindell JA, Owens JA, Carskadon MA. Developmental features of sleep. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am, 1999;8(4):695-725.
• [4] Paavonen EJ, Solantaus T, Almqvist F, Aronen ET. Fouryear follow-up study of sleep and psychiatric symptoms in preadolescents: relationship of persistent and temporary sleep problems to psychiatric symptoms. J Dev Behav Pediatr, 2003;24(5):307-14.
• [5] Golan N, Shahar E, Ravid S, Pillar G. Sleep disorders and daytime sleepiness in children with attentiondeficit/hyperactive disorder. Sleep, 2004;27(2):261-6.
• [6] Wolraich ML, Chan E, Froehlich T, Lynch RL, et al. ADHD Diagnosis and Treatment Guidelines: A Historical Perspective. Pediatrics, 2019;144(4).
• [7] Polanczyk G, de Lima MS, Horta BL, Biederman J, et al. The worldwide prevalence of ADHD: a systematic review and metaregression analysis. Am J Psychiatry, 2007;164(6):942-8.
• [8] Matsudaira T, Gow RV, Kelly J, Murphy C, et al. Biochemical and Psychological Effects of Omega-3/6 Supplements in Male Adolescents with AttentionDeficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Clinical Trial. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol, 2015;25(10):775-82.
• [9] Widenhorn-Müller K, Schwanda S, Scholz E, Spitzer M, et al. Effect of supplementation with long-chain ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on behavior and cognition in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): a randomized placebo-controlled intervention trial. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids, 2014;91(1-2):49-60.
• [10] Wolraich ML, Hagan JF, Jr Allan C. Clinical Practice Guideline for the Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Treatment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Children and Adolescents. Pediatrics 2019;144(4).
• [11] Liu C, Liu S, Zhang L, Wang X, et al. Partition Behavior in Aqueous Two-Phase System and Antioxidant Activity of Flavonoids from Ginkgo biloba. Applied Sciences, 2018;8:2058.
• [12] Pohl F, Lin PKT. The Potential Use of Plant Natural Products and Plant Extracts with Antioxidant Properties for the Prevention/Treatment of Neurodegenerative Diseases: InVitro, In Vivo and Clinical Trials. Molecules, 2018;23:3283.
• [13] Uebel-von Sandersleben H, Rothenberger A, Albrecht B, Rothenberger LG, et al. Ginkgo biloba extract EG 761® in children with ADHD. Z Kinder Jugendpsychiatr Psychother, 2014;42:337-347.
• [14] Shakibaei F, Radmanesh M, Salari E, Mahaki B. Ginkgo biloba in the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents. A randomized, placebo-controlled, trial. Complement Ther Clin Pract, 2015:21: 61-67.
• [15] Salehi B, Imani R, Mohammadi MR, Fallah J, et al. Ginkgo biloba for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents: a double blind, randomized controlled trial. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry, 2010;34:76-80.
• [16] Chutko LS, Surushkina SYu, Yakovenko EA, Kropotov YuD, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of cognitive impairments in attention defcit syndrome in adults. Neurosci Behav Physiol, 2019;49(1):115–120.
• [17] Andreatini R, Sartori VA, Seabra ML, Leite JR. Effect of valepotriates (valerian extract) in generalized anxiety disorder: A randomized placebo‐controlled pilot study. Phytotherapy Research, 2002;16: 650‐654.
• [18] Razlog R, Pellow J, White SJ. A pilot study on the efficacy of Valeriana officinalis mother tincture and Valeriana officinalis 3X in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Health SA Gesondheid, 2011;17: 1-7.
• [19] Channa S, Dar A, Anjum S, Yaqoob M, et al. Anti-inflammatory activity of Bacopa monniera in rodents. J Ethnopharmacol, 2006;104: 286-289.
• [20] Vollala VR, Upadhya S, Nayak S. Effect of Bacopa monniera Linn. (brahmi) extract on learning and memory in rats – a behavioral study. J Vet Behav, 2010;5:69-74.
• [21] Dave UP, Dingankar SR, Saxena VS, Joseph JA, et al. An open-label study to elucidate the effects of standardized Bacopa monnieri extract in the management of symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in children. Adv Mind-Body Med, 2014;28: 10-15.
• [22] Kean JD, Downey LA, Sarris J, Kaufman J, et al. Efects of Bacopa monnieri (CDRI 08®) in a population of males exhibiting inattention and hyperactivity aged 6 to 14 years: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Phytother Res, 2022;36(2):996–1012.
• [23] İlkimen, H, Gülbandılar A. Lavanta, ada çayı, kekik ve papatya ekstrelerinin anti mikrobiyal etkilerinin araştırılması. Türk Mikrobiyol Cemiyeti Dergisi, 2018;48(4): 241-246.
• [24] Bone K. A Clinical Guide to Blending Liquid Herbs. St. Louis, MO: Churchill Livingstone; 2003:137-141, 232-239, 420-427.
• [25] Niederhofer H. Observational study: Matricaria chamomilla may improve some symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Phytomedicine, 2009;16(4):284–6.
• [26] Nocerino E, Amato M, Izzo AA. The aphrodisiac and adaptogenic properties of ginseng. Fitoterapia, 2000;71(1):1-5.
• [27] Huang Q, Wang T, Yang L, Wang H. Ginsenoside Rb2 Alleviates Hepatic Lipid Accumulation by Restoring Autophagy Via İnduction of Sirt1 and Activation of AMPK. International Journal of Moleculer Sciences, 2017;18(5):1063-1078.
• [28] Lyon MR, Cline JC, de Zepetnek JT, Shan JJ, et al. Effect of the herbal extract combination Panax quinquefolium and Ginkgo biloba on attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: a pilot study. J Psychiatry Neurosci, 2001;26:221-8.
• [29] Ko HJ, Kim I, Kim JB, Moon Y, et al. Effects of Korean red ginseng extract on behavior in children with symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity: a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol, 2014;24:501-8.
• [30] Lee SH, Park WS, Lim MH. Clinical effects of Korean red ginseng on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children: an observational study. J Ginseng Res. 2011;35:226–234.
• [31] D’Andrea G. Pycnogenol: A blend of procyanidins with multifaceted therapeutic applications? Fitoterapia, 2010;81(7):724-36.
• [32] Maimoona A, Naeem I, Saddiqe Z, Jameel K. A review on biological, nutraceutical and clinical aspects of French maritime pine bark extract, Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2011;133(2):261-77.
• [33] Dvorakova M, Jezova D, Blazicek P. Urinary catecholamines in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): modulation by a polyphenolic extract from pine bark (pycnogenol). Nutr Neurosci, 2007;10:151–157.
• [34] Iravani S, Zolfaghari B. Pharmaceutical and nutraceutical effects of Pinus pinaster bark extract. Res Pharm Sci, 2011;6: 1-11.
• [35] Trebaticka J, Kopasova S, Hradecna Z, Cinovsky K, et al. Treatment of ADHD with French maritime pine bark extract, Pycnogenol®. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 2006;15: 329- 335.
• [36] Chovanova Z, Muchova J, Sivonova M, Dvorakova M, et al. Effect of polyphenolic extract, Pycnogenol, on the level of 8-oxoguanine in children suffering from attention deficit/hyperactivity. Free Radic Res, 2006;40(9):1003-10.
• [37] Ersoy S, Orhan D, Turan NN, Sahan G, et al. Endothelium-dependent induction of vasorelaxation by Melissa officinalis L. subsp. officinalis in rat isolated thoracic aorta. Phytomedicine, 2008;15:1087-92.
• [38] Moradkhani H, Sargsyan E, Bibak H, Naseri B, et al. Melissa officinalis L., a valuable medicine plant: A review. J Med Plant Res, 2010;4:2753-2759.
• [39] Katz M, Adar Levine A, Kol-Degani H, KavVenaki L. A compound herbal preparation (CHP) in the treatment of children with ADHD: a randomized controlled trial. J Atten Disord, 2010;14:281- 291.
• [40] Srivastava R, Ahmed H, Dixit RK. Crocus sativus L.: a comprehensive review. Pharmacogn Rev, 2010;4:200-208.
• [41] Abbaszade-Cheragheali A, Beheshti F, Kakhki S, Khatibi SR, et al. Crocin, the main active safron (Crocus sativus L.) constituent, as a potential candidate to prevent anxiety and depressive-like behaviors induced by unpredictable chronic mild stress. Neurosci Lett, 2022;791:136912.
• [42] Baziar S, Aqamolaei A, Khadem E, Mortazavi SH, et al. Crocus sativus L. versus methylphenidate in treatment of children with attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder: A randomized, double-blind pilot study. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol, 2019;29:205- 212.
• [43] Blasco-Fontecilla H, Moyano-Ramírez E, Méndez-González O, Rodrigo-Yanguas M, et al. Efectivity of safron extract (Safr’Activ) on treatment for children and adolescents with attention defcit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): a clinical efectivity study. Nutrients, 2022;28;14(19):4046.
• [44] Khaksarian M, Mirr I, Kordian S, Nooripour R, et al. A comparison of methylphenidate (MPH) and combined methylphenidate with Crocus sativus (Saffron) in the treatment of children and adolescents with ADHD: A randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, clinical trial. Iran J Psychiatry Behav Sci, 2021;15:108390.
• [45] Shang X, He X, He X, Li M, et al. The genus Scutellaria an ethnopharmacological and phytochemical review. J Ethnopharmacol, 2010;128(2):279–313.
• [46] Sun J, Li L, Wu J, Liu B, et al. Efects of Baicalin on airway remodeling in asthmatic mice. Planta Med, 2013;79:199–206.
• [47] Zhou RY, Han XM, Wang JJ, Yuan HX, et al. Efect of baicalin on behavioral characteristics of rats with attention defcit hyperactivity disorder. Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi, 2017;19(8):930-937.
• [48] Miroddi M, Calapai G, Navarra M, Minciullo PL, et al. Passiflora incarnata L.: ethnopharmacology, clinical application, safety and evaluation of clinical trials. J Ethnopharmacol, 2013;150:791-804.
• [49] Akhondzadeh S, Mohammadi MR, Momeni F. Passiflora incarnata in the treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents. Therapy, 2005;2:609-614.
• [50] Ng QX, Venkatanarayanan N, Ho CYX. Clinical use of Hypericum perforatum (St John's wort) in depression: a meta-analysis. Journal of affective disorders, 2017;210:211-221.
• [51] Soleymani S, Bahramsoltani R, Rahimi R, Abdollahi M. Clinical risks of St John’s Wort (Hypericum perforatum) co-administration. Expert opinion on drug metabolism & toxicology, 2017;13(10):1047-1062.
• [52] Niederhofer H. St. John's wort may improve some symptoms of attentiondeficit hyperactivity disorder. Nat Prod Res, 2010;24:203-205.
• [53] Weber W, Vander Stoep A, McCarty RL, Weiss NS, et al. Hypericum perforatum (St John's wort) for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA, 2008;299:2633-2641.