<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.4 20241031//EN"
        "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.4/JATS-journalpublishing1-4.dtd">
<article  article-type="research-article"        dtd-version="1.4">
            <front>

                <journal-meta>
                                    <journal-id></journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>Artium</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                                        <issn pub-type="epub">2147-6683</issn>
                                                                                            <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>Hasan Kalyoncu Üniversitesi</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.51664/artium.752558</article-id>
                                                                <article-categories>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="en">
                                                            <subject>Architecture</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="tr">
                                                            <subject>Mimarlık</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                    </article-categories>
                                                                                                                                                        <title-group>
                                                                                                                        <article-title>Kapsayıcı Çocuk Oyun Alanları İçin Tasarım Ölçütleri</article-title>
                                                                                                                                                                                                <trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
                                    <trans-title>Design Criteria for Inclusive Playgrounds</trans-title>
                                </trans-title-group>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8656-0727</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Tandoğan</surname>
                                    <given-names>Okşan</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>Namık Kemal Üniversitesi</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                        <pub-date pub-type="pub" iso-8601-date="20210228">
                    <day>02</day>
                    <month>28</month>
                    <year>2021</year>
                </pub-date>
                                        <volume>9</volume>
                                        <issue>1</issue>
                                        <fpage>11</fpage>
                                        <lpage>20</lpage>
                        
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20200615">
                        <day>06</day>
                        <month>15</month>
                        <year>2020</year>
                    </date>
                                                    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="20201108">
                        <day>11</day>
                        <month>08</month>
                        <year>2020</year>
                    </date>
                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 2013, Artium</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>2013</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>Artium</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                <abstract><p>Yapılan araştırmalar herhangi bir engeli bulunan ya da hareket kabiliyeti kısıtlı çocukların oyun alanlarında sınırlı erişime, kısıtlı kullanıma sahip olduklarını, oyun alanlarının tasarımının bu çocukların yaşıtları ile iletişime girmesine engel teşkil ettiğini göstermektedir. Bu nedenle birçok engelli çocuk zorunluluktan genellikle tek başına ya da bir yetişkinle kendi ev ya da bahçesinde oynamaktadır. Bu durum bu çocukların gelişimlerini olumsuz yönde etkileyebilmektedir. Çocuk oyun alanlarının herhangi bir engeli ya da hareket kısıtı bulunan - bulunmayan tüm çocukların birlikte oynayabilmelerine olanak sağlayacak şekilde tasarlanması gerekmektedir. Bu ancak kapsayıcı tasarım anlayışı doğrultusunda gerçekleştirilebilir. Ancak yapılan incelemede çocuk oyun alanlarına yönelik tasarım ölçütlerini ortaya koyan akademik çalışmaların sınırlı olduğu görülmüştür. Çalışmanın amacı kapsayıcı tasarım doğrultusunda çocuk oyun alanlarına yönelik tasarım ölçütlerinin belirlenmesidir. Bu amaçla detaylı bir literatür araştırması yapılmıştır. Yapılan literatür araştırması kapsamında elde edilen tasarım ölçütleri geliştirilmiş ve bu ölçütler Tekirdağ’da bir engelsiz çocuk oyun alanı kapsamında değerlendirilmiştir.</p></abstract>
                                                                                                                                    <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
                            <p>Current researches show that children with any disability or reduced mobility have limited access and limited use in the playgrounds, and the design of the playgrounds prevents them from communicating with their peers. For this reason, many children with disabilities usually play alone or with an adult in their home or garden. This situation may negatively affect the development of these children. Playgrounds should be designed to allow all children with or without any disability or movement restrictions to play together. This can only be achieved with an inclusive design approach. However, in literature, we come across that the researches revealing the design criteria for inclusive playgrounds are limited. Therefore, the aim of the study is to determine the design criteria for playgrounds regarding inclusive design. For this purpose, in the first part of the article, the studies on this subject are examined. In the second part of the study, the design criteria determined are evaluated within the scope of an accessible playground example in Tekirdağ.</p></trans-abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                            <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>Oyun</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  çocuk oyun alanı</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  kapsayıcı tasarım</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  evrensel tasarım</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                        
                                                                            <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
                                                    <kwd>play</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  playgrounds</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  inclusive design</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  universal design</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                                                                            </article-meta>
    </front>
    <back>
                            <ref-list>
                                    <ref id="ref1">
                        <label>1</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Bayraktaroğlu, B. ve Büke, A. (2015).  Çocuk oyun alanlarının evrensellik ölçütleri açısından incelenmesi: Fenerbahçe-Pendik sahil şeridi örneği. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri ve Tasarım Dergisi, 3(3), 371-378.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref2">
                        <label>2</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">CPSC (2015). Public Playground Safety Handbook. Consumer Product Safety Commisison, East West Highway Bethesda, USA.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref3">
                        <label>3</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Çelik, A., Ender, E. ve Akdeniz, N. S. (2017).  Engelsiz parklarda peyzaj tasarımı. Tarım Bilimleri Araştırma Dergisi, 8(2), 05-11.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref4">
                        <label>4</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Emmett, M. (2012). Universally designed playgrounds: an outdoor play place for all. University of Puget Sound. 
Ensign, A. (1993). Universal playground design. Retrieved from 10.05.2020, https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED359727</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref5">
                        <label>5</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Feske, M., 2020. The Inclusive playground - A rewarding challenge. Retrieved 05.05.2020 from https://www.berliner.com.vn/media/upload/images/Berliner_Playequipment</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref6">
                        <label>6</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Fishbeck, G, (1998). Time-saver standards for landscape architecture: Design and construction data. New York: McGraw–Hill Publishing Company.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref7">
                        <label>7</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Fjortoft, I. and J. Sageie (2000). The natural environment as a playground for children: Landscape description and analysis of a natural landscape. Landscape and Urban Planning, 48(1/2), 83-97.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref8">
                        <label>8</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Fjortoft, I. (2001). The natural environment as a playground for children: the ımpact of outdoor play activities in pre- primary school children. Early Childhood Education Journal, 29(2): 111-117.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref9">
                        <label>9</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Gökmen, H.S. (2009). Birlikte oynamak.  Mimarlık Dergisi, 347, 47-50.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref10">
                        <label>10</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Gür, Ş.Ö ve Zorlu, T. (2001). Çocuk mekanları. İstanbul: Yapı Endüstri Merkezi Yayınları.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref11">
                        <label>11</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Hacıhasanoğlu, I. (2003). Evrensel tasarım. Tasarım Kuram Dergisi, 2 (3), 93-101.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref12">
                        <label>12</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Hags, 2019a.  How we show inclusivity in a design, inclusivity on a design - A3 posters.  Retrieved: 10.05.2020 from https://www.hags.com.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref13">
                        <label>13</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Hags, 2019b. Principles of inclusive playgrounds, principles of inclusive playgrounds - A3 posters. Retrieved 10.05.2020 from https://www.hags.com/en-us/designing-inclusive-playgrounds/download-your-inclusive-playground-pack</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref14">
                        <label>14</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Herrington, S. and Studtmann, K. (1998). Landscape interventions: new directions for the design of children’s play environments. Landscape and Urban Planning, 42, 191–205.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref15">
                        <label>15</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Howard, J. (1996). Teacher-facilitated microcomputer activities: enhancing social play and affect in young children with disabilities, Journal of Special Education Technology, 13, 36-47.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref16">
                        <label>16</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Kavak, M., (2010). Evrensel tasarım yaklaşımı bağlamında kamusal mekânlar: Harbiye Kongre Vadisi örneği. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Bahçeşehir Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İstanbul.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref17">
                        <label>17</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Kelly, K. (2018). Redwood City: All-inclusive playground approved for Red Morton Retrieved from https://www.mercurynews.com/2018/09/12/redwood-city-all-inclusive-playground-approved-for-red-morton</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref18">
                        <label>18</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Koç, K., (2015). Geri dönüştürülebilir katı atıkların yönetmeliği ve rota optimizasyonu: Konya ili Meram ilçesi örneği, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Selçuk Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Konya.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref19">
                        <label>19</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Kraft, R. E. (1989). Children at Play: Behavior of Children at Recess. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation and Dance, 60(4), 21-24.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref20">
                        <label>20</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Malone, K., and Tranter, P. (2003) Children’s environmental learning and the use, design and management of schoolgrounds. Children, Youth and Environments, 13(2), 87- 137.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref21">
                        <label>21</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Marcus, C.C. and Francis, C. (1998). People places: Design guidelines for urban open space, child care outdoor spaces. Kanada: John Wiley&amp;Sons.Inc.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref22">
                        <label>22</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Moore, R. (1993). Plants for play: A plant selection guide for children&#039;s outdoor environments. Berkeley, CA: MIG Communications</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref23">
                        <label>23</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Moore, R. C. ve Wong, H. H. (1997). Natural learning: Creating environments for rediscovering nature’s way of teaching. Berkley: MIG Communications.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref24">
                        <label>24</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Moore, A. ve Lynch, H. (2015). Accessibility and usability of playground environments for children under: a scoping review. Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy, 22(5), 31–344.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref25">
                        <label>25</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">NCHPAD (1997). The principles of universal design, designing for inclusive play: Applying the principles of universal design to the playground. Retrieved: 05.05. 2020 form https://www.nchpad.org/529/2458/Designing~for~Inclusive~Play~~~Applying~the~Principles~of~Universal~Design~to~the~Playground</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref26">
                        <label>26</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">NPPS (2006). America’s playgrounds safety check, does your playground make the grade? Retrieved 05.27.2020 from  https://playgroundsafety.org/topics/topic/playground-safety-report-card</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref27">
                        <label>27</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">O’Brien, C.W. (2009). Injuries and investigated deaths associated with playground equipment, 2001– 2008. Washington: Consumer Product Safety Commission.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref28">
                        <label>28</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Özdemir, A. (2007). Engelsiz oyun alanları için kapsayıcı tasarım yaklaşımı.  Ege Mimarlık, 1, 20-23.
Özgür, H. (2000). İlkokul dönemindeki çocukların oyun araçlarına olan ilgileri, Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Ege Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Peyzaj Mimarlığı Anabilim Dalı, İzmir.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref29">
                        <label>29</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Pellegrini, A. and Perlmutter, J. (1988). Rough-and-tumble play on the elementary school playground. Young Children, 43(2), 14-17.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref30">
                        <label>30</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Playworld (2015). Inclusive play design guide.  Retrieved 10.05.2020 from https://playworld.com/inclusive-play.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref31">
                        <label>31</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Pouya, S., Bayramoğlu, E., ve Demirel, Ö. (2016). Doğa ile uyumlu fiziksel engelli çocuk oyun alanları, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Mimarlık Bilimleri ve Uygulamaları Dergisi, 1(1), 51-60.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref32">
                        <label>32</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Prellwitz, M., and Skar, L. (2007) Usability of playgrounds for children with different abilities. Occupational Therapy International, 14, 144-155.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref33">
                        <label>33</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Rojals, M. (2006). Great kids&#039; spaces. Barcelona, Spain: Links International.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref34">
                        <label>34</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Sungur, A. ve Czaplinska, P. (2018) Designing playgrounds for all. Megaron, 13(3), 459-469.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref35">
                        <label>35</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Talay, L., Akpınar, N. ve Belkayalı, N. (2010) Barriers to playground use for children with disabilities: A case from Ankara, Turkey. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 5(9), 848-855.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref36">
                        <label>36</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Tamm, M. and Skär, L. (2000) How I play: Roles and relations in the play situations of children with restricted mobility.  Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy, 7(4), 174-182.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref37">
                        <label>37</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Tandoğan, O. (2011). İstanbul’da Çocuk Dostu Kent için Açık Alanların Planlama, Tasarım ve Yönetim İlkelerinin Oluşturulması. Doktora Tezi, İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Mimarlık Fakültesi, İstanbul.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref38">
                        <label>38</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Taylor, A., Wiley, A., Kuo, F. and Sullivan, W. (1998) Growing up in the inner city: Green spaces as places to grow. Environment and Behavior, 30(1), 3–27.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref39">
                        <label>39</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">T.C. Aile, Çalışma ve Sosyal Hizmetler Bakanlığı (2020). Engelli ve yaşlı istatistik bülteni. Erişim tarihi: 20.05.2020, https://ailevecalisma.gov.tr/media/40734/istatistik-bulteni-subat2020.pdf</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref40">
                        <label>40</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">T.C. Aile ve Sosyal Politikalar Bakanlığı (2011). Dünya engellilik raporu. Ankara: Anıl Group Matbaa.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref41">
                        <label>41</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">The Center for Universal Design, (1997). The principles of universal design. Retrieved 10.05.2020 from https://projects.ncsu.edu/ncsu/design/cud/about_ud/udprinciplestext.htm</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref42">
                        <label>42</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Theemes T., (1999). Let&#039;s go outside, designing the early childhood playground. High/Scope Educational Research Foundation: High/Scope Press.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref43">
                        <label>43</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Turner, J., Newman-Bennett, K., Fralic, J., Skinner, L., (2009). Everybody needs a break! Responses to a playgarden survey. Pediatr Nurs, 35(1), 27-34.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref44">
                        <label>44</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">The Center for Universal Design, (1997). The principles of universal design. Retrieved 10.05.2020 from https://projects.ncsu.edu/ncsu/design/cud/about_ud/udprinciplestext.htm</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref45">
                        <label>45</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">UNICEF (2013). Universal design in the playground. The state of the world’s children 2013, Retrieved 26.05.2020 from http://www.unicef.org/sowc2013/universal_design.html.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref46">
                        <label>46</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Uslu, A. ve Shakouri, N. (2012). Engelli çocuklara dost oyun alanı ve dış mekan tasarımı. Erciyes Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 28(5), 367-374.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref47">
                        <label>47</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Uslu, A. ve Güneş, M. (2017). Engelsiz kentler-herkes için erişilebilir kentler. Uluslararası Peyzaj Mimarlığı Araştırma Dergisi, 1(2), 30-36.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref48">
                        <label>48</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Uzzell, D. (1991). Environmental psychological perspectives on landscape. Landscape Research, 16(1), 11–19.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref49">
                        <label>49</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Wardle, F. (1997). Outdoor play: designing, building, and remodeling playgrounds for young children, early childhood news. Retrieved 10.05.2020 from    http://www.earlychildhoodnews.com/earlychildhood/article_view.aspx?ArticleID=65</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref50">
                        <label>50</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">WHO (2011). World report on disability. Retrieved 11.04.2020 from http://www.who.int/disabilities/world_report/2011/report.pdf.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref51">
                        <label>51</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Wortham ans J.L. Frost (1990).  Playgrounds for young children: national survey and perspectives.  Reston, VA: American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, and Dance.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref52">
                        <label>52</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Yantzi, N. M., Young, N.L., and Mckeever, P. (2010).  The suitability of school playgrounds for physically disabled children. Children&#039;s Geographies, 8(1), 65-78.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref53">
                        <label>53</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Yetim, A., (2014). Geri dönüşüm sektörünün dünyadaki genel görünümü ve Türkiye’deki durumu. Erişim tarihi:28.04.2020,  https://www.yesiltaylar.com.tr/tr/blog/geri-donusum-sektorunun-dunyadaki-genel-gorunumu-ve-turkiyedeki-durumu</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                            </ref-list>
                    </back>
    </article>
