ABO Kan Gruplarının COVID-19 ile Psikolojik ve Fiziksel Aktivite Sonuçları Üzerindeki Etkileri: Kadınlar Üzerinde Karşılaştırmalı Bir Çalışma

Öz

Giriş ve Amaç: Bu araştırma, COVID-19 enfekte olan ve olmayan kadınlarda ABO kan gruplarının COVID-19 ve bunun psikolojik ve fiziksel aktivite sonuçları üzerindeki etkilerini karşılaştırmalı olarak belirlemek amacıyla yapıldı. Yöntem: Bu kesitsel karşılaştırmalı çalışma, sosyal medya platformlarında (WhatsApp, Facebook Messenger ve Instagram gibi) web tabanlı bir çevrimiçi anket kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Örneklem 409 kadını (206 COVID-19(+); 203 COVID-19(-)) içermektedir. Bulgular: Kan grubu A olan katılımcıların %65'i COVID-19 ile enfekte olurken, kan grubu A olan katılımcıların enfeksiyon riskini 3.929 kat artırdığı görüldü. Tersine, kan grubu O olan katılımcılar %33.6 ile en düşük enfeksiyon oranına ve aynı zamanda en düşük riske sahipti. Rh faktörü dikkate alındığında Rh faktörü (Rh(+)) olan katılımcıların %66'sı COVID-19 ile enfekte olmuş ve Rh(+) enfeksiyon riskini 2.506 kat artırmıştır. COVID-19 ile enfekte olanlar, olmayanlara göre daha fazla psikolojik semptomlara sahipti, burada COVID-19 ile enfekte olanlarda somatizasyonda 1.241 kat ve obsesif-kompulsif semptomlarda 1.354 kat artış vardı. COVID-19 ile enfekte olanlar, olmayanlara göre daha düşük orta düzeyde fiziksel aktivite puanlarına sahipti. Sadece COVID-19 ile enfekte olan katılımcılar arasında, A kan grubuna sahip olanlar arasında psikolojik semptomlar diğerlerine göre daha yaygındı. Enfekte katılımcıların kan gruplarına göre fiziksel aktivite düzeyleri arasında fark yoktu. Sonuç: Kan grubu A ve Rh(+) olanların COVID-19 enfeksiyon riskini artırdığı, psikolojik semptomların COVID-19 ile enfekte olan ve kan grubu A olan kadınlarda daha yaygın olduğu sonucuna varıldı.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• COVID-19
• ABO
• Rh
• kan grubu
• psikolojik semptomlar
• fiziksel aktivite

Effects of ABO Blood Groups on Psychological and Physical Activity Outcomes with COVID-19: A Comparative Study on Women

Öz

Background and Aim: This study compared the effects of ABO blood groups on COVID-19 and its psychological and physical activity outcomes in infected and non-infected women. Methods: This cross-sectional comparative study was conducted using a web-based online survey on social media platforms (such as WhatsApp, Facebook Messenger, and Instagram). The sample included 409 women (206 COVID-19(+); 203 COVID-19(-)). Results: While that 65% of the participants with the blood group A were infected with COVID-19, having the blood group A increased the risk of infection 3.929 times. Conversely, the participants with the blood group O had the lowest rate of infection at 33.6% as well as the lowest risk. Considering the Rh factor, 66% of the participants with the Rh factor (Rh(+)) were infected with COVID-19, and Rh(+) increased the risk of infection 2.506 times. Those infected with COVID-19 had more psychological symptoms than those who were not, where those infected with COVID-19 had a 1.241-fold increase in somatization and a 1.354-fold increase in obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Those infected with COVID-19 had lower moderate physical activity scores than those who were not. Among only the COVID-19-infected participants, psychological symptoms were more prevalent among those with the blood group A than others. There was no difference between the physical activity levels of the infected participants according to their blood groups. Conclusions: It was concluded that the blood group A and Rh(+) increased the risk of COVID-19 infection, and psychological symptoms were more prevalent among women infected with COVID-19 and having the blood group A.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• COVID-19
• ABO
• blood group
• psychological symptoms
• physical activity

Kaynakça

1. WHO. Mental health and psychosocial considerations during the COVID-19 outbreak. WHO website. Date: 08.08.2022. Available from: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/mental-health-considerations.pdf?sfvrsn=6d3578af_2
2. Zietz M, Zucker J, Tatonetti. Associations between blood type and COVID-19 infection, intubation, and death. Nature Communications. 2020;11(1):1-6.
3. Polat F, Delibaş L. Examining the correlation between COVID-19-related anxiety level and health perception in adults. Anatolian J Health Res. 2022;3(1):14-20.
4. Ellinghaus D, Degenhardt F, Bujanda L, Buti M, Albillos A, Invernizzi P. et al. The ABO blood group locus and a chromosome 3 gene cluster associate with SARS-CoV-2 respiratory failure in an Italian-Spanish genome-wide association analysis. MedRxiv. 2020.
5. Valenti L, Villa S, Baselli G, Temporiti R, Bandera A, Scudeller L. Et al. Association of ABO blood group and secretor phenotype with severe COVID‐19. Transfusion. 2020;1-3.
6. Zhao J, Yang Y, Huang H, Li D, Gu D, Lu X. Et al. Relationship between the ABO blood group and the COVID-19 susceptibility. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 2021;73(2):328-331.
7. Anastassopoulou C, Gkizarioti Z, Patrinos GP, Tsakris A. Human genetic factors associated with susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 disease severity. Human Genomics 2020;14(1):1-8.
8. Venkatesh A, Edirappuli S. Social distancing in covid-19: What are the mental health implications? BMJ. 2020;369.

9. Li X, Dai T, Wang H, Shi J, Yuan W, Li J. et al. Clinical analysis of suspected novel coronavirus pneumonia patients with anxiety and depression. J Zhejiang University (Medical Science) 2020:49(1).
10. Bruine de Bruin, W. Age differences in COVID-19 risk perceptions and mental health: Evidence from a national US survey conducted in March 2020. J Gerontology: Series B. 2021;76(2):e24-e29.
11. Jakovljevic M, Bjedov S, Jaksic N, Jakovljevic I. COVID-19 pandemia and public and global mental health from the perspective of global health security. Psychiatria Danubina. 2020;32(1):6-14.
12. Pisk, S. V., Vuk, T., Ivezić, E., Jukić, I., Bingulac-Popović, J., & Filipčić, I. ABO blood groups and psychiatric disorders: a Croatian study. Blood transfusion. 2019;17(1):66.
13. Rinieris PM, Stefanis CN, Rabavilas AD, et al. Obsessive-compulsive neurosis, anancastic symptomatology and ABO blood types. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1978;57:377–81.
14. Aflatoonian MR, Meymandi MSh, Divsalar K, et al. Possible association between human blood types and opioid addiction. Am J Addict. 2011;20:581–4.
15. Abakah HSS. Depression and its relation with blood group according differences (Sex) IJAST. 2015;5:175–86.
16. Mazza MG, De Lorenzo R, Conte C, Poletti S, Vai B, Bollettini I. et al. Anxiety and depression in COVID-19 survivors: Role of inflammatory and clinical predictors. Brain, Behavior and Immunity. 2020;89:594-600.
17. Kirby T. COVID-19 survivor experiencing long-term symptoms. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine. 2021;9(6):570-572.
18. Maugeri G, Castrogiovanni P, Battaglia G, Pippi R, D'Agata V, Palma A. et al. The impact of physical activity on psychological health during Covid-19 pandemic in Italy. Heliyon. 2020;6(6):e04315.
19. Franchini M, Mengoli C, Bonfanti C, et al. Genetic determinants of extreme longevity: the role of ABO blood group. Thromb Haemost. 2016;115:458-60.
20. Lippi, G., Gandini, G., Salvagno, G. L., Skafidas, S., Festa, L., Danese, E., ... & Schena, F. Influence of ABO blood group on sports performance. Annals of translational medicine. 2017;5(12).
21. Brühlmann F, Petralito S, Aeschbach LF, Opwis K. The quality of data collected online: An investigation of careless responding in a crowdsourced sample. Methods in Psychology. 2020;2:100022.
22. Yadav A, Sankhla M, Gaur KL, Gupta ID. Association of psycho-wellness with various blood types in young medical students. Int J Res Med Sci. 2016;4:3468-72.
23. Şahin N, Durak A. A study of the brief symptom inventory in Turkish youth. Turk. J Psychol. 1994;9(31):44–56.
24. Öztürk M. Validity and reliability of the international physical activity questionnaire and determination of physical activity levels of students studying at the university. Master thesis. University of Hacettepe. 2005.
25. Deleers M, Breiman A, Daubie V, Maggetto C, Barreau I, Besse T. et al. Covid-19 and blood groups: ABO antibody levels may also matter. International Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2021;104:242-249.
26. Bangham J. Blood groups and human groups: Collecting and calibrating genetic data after World War Two. Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part C: Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences 2014;47:74-86.
27. Shangguan F, Quan X, Qian W, Zhou C, Zhang C, Zhang XY. et al. Prevalence and correlates of somatization in anxious individuals in a Chinese online crisis intervention during COVID-19 epidemic. J Affective Disorders. 2020;277:436-442.
28. Huang Y, Wang Y, Zeng L, Yang J, Song X, Rao W. et al. Prevalence and correlation of anxiety, insomnia and somatic symptoms in a Chinese population during the COVID-19 epidemic. Frontiers Psych. 2020;11:894.
29. Pérez-Fuentes MDC, Molero Jurado MDM, Martos Martínez Á, Gázquez Linares JJ. Threat of COVID-19 and emotional state during quarantine: Positive and negative affect as mediators in a cross-sectional study of the Spanish population. PloS one. 2020;15(6):e0235305.
30. Lopes B, Bortolon C, Jaspal R. Paranoia, hallucinations and compulsive buying during the early phase of the COVID-19 outbreak in the United Kingdom: A preliminary experimental study. Psychiatry Res. 2020;293:113455.
31. Barazzoni R, Bischoff SC, Breda J, Wickramasinghe K, Krznaric Z, Nitzan D. et al. ESPEN expert statements and practical guidance for nutritional management of individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Clin Nutr. 2020;39:1631-1638.
32. Barazzoni R, Bischoff SC, Breda J, Wickramasinghe K, Krznaric Z, Nitzan D. et al. ESPEN expert statements and practical guidance for nutritional management of individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Clin Nutr. 2020;39:1631-1638.
33. Irvine DG, Miyashita H. Blood types in relation to depressions and schizophrenia: A preliminary report. Canadian Med Association J. 1965;92(11):551.
34. Alataş M. Relationships between blood groups and stress levels. Inter J Innovative Engineering Applications. 2018;2(2):50-52.