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            <front>

                <journal-meta>
                                                                <journal-id>açüofd</journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>Artvin Çoruh Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                            <issn pub-type="ppub">2146-1880</issn>
                                        <issn pub-type="epub">2146-698X</issn>
                                                                                            <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>Artvin Çoruh Üniversitesi</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17474/artvinofd.1638494</article-id>
                                                                <article-categories>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="en">
                                                            <subject>Landscape Planning</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="tr">
                                                            <subject>Peyzaj Planlama</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                    </article-categories>
                                                                                                                                                        <title-group>
                                                                                                                        <article-title>Toprak Organik Karbonu Ölçek Küçültme Işlemi Için Farklı Makine Öğrenmesi Algoritmalarının Karşılaştırılması: Kahramanmaraş/Ekinözü İlçesi Örneklem Alanı</article-title>
                                                                                                                                                                                                <trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
                                    <trans-title>Comparison of Different Machine Learning Algorithms for Soil Organic Carbon (SOC) Downscaling Process: Kahramanmaraş/Ekinözü District Sampling Area</trans-title>
                                </trans-title-group>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0324-1486</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Karamanlı</surname>
                                    <given-names>Esin</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>Çukurova Üniversitesi</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                        <pub-date pub-type="pub" iso-8601-date="20251015">
                    <day>10</day>
                    <month>15</month>
                    <year>2025</year>
                </pub-date>
                                        <volume>26</volume>
                                        <issue>2</issue>
                                        <fpage>378</fpage>
                                        <lpage>388</lpage>
                        
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20250212">
                        <day>02</day>
                        <month>12</month>
                        <year>2025</year>
                    </date>
                                                    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="20250727">
                        <day>07</day>
                        <month>27</month>
                        <year>2025</year>
                    </date>
                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 2000, Artvin Çoruh Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>2000</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>Artvin Çoruh Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                <abstract><p>Bu çalışma son zamanlarda dijital toprak haritalama alanında öne çıkan makine öğrenmesi algoritmalarının, çevresel ortak değişkenlere dayalı konumsal ölçek küçültme işlemi model performanslarının karşılaştırmasını sağlamak üzere kurgulanmıştır. R-Studio 4.4.2 ortamında gerçekleştirilen model denemeleri Kahramanmaraş’ın Ekinözü ilçesi idari sınırları içerisinde kalan alanı kapsamaktadır. 250 m çözünürlüğe sahip toprak organik karbonu katmanı tüm çalışma alanı için 30 m konumsal çözünürlükte düzenlenen çevresel ortak değişkenler (eğim, topografik ıslaklık indeksi, yükseklik, sıcaklık, nisbi nem, net birincil üretim, normalize edilmiş fark vejetasyon indeksi, pankromatik band) kullanılarak 30 m konumsal çözünürlükteki versiyonuna dönüştürülmüştür. Tüm model denemeleri neticesinde doğrusal ve doğrusal olamayan makine öğrenmesi algoritmalarına dayalı modellerin tahmin performansları karşılaştırılmış ve doğrusal olmayan algoritmalarla kurulan modellerin diğerlerine göre oldukça anlamlı bir farkla üstün olduğu görülmüştür. Elde edilen bulgular, Rassal Orman Algoritmasına (ROA) dayalı modelin (RMSE=3.23, MAE=3.88 ve R2=0.69); Yapay Sinir Ağları, Karar Ağaçları ve Destek Vektör makineleri de dahil olmak üzere karşılaştırılan doğrusal olmayan diğer makine öğrenmesi algoritmalarına kıyasla daha üstün bir performans sergilediğini göstermiştir. Bu sonuçlar, Ekinözü ilçesi ve çevresindeki alanlarda toprak organik karbon içeriğinin haritalanması amacı ile yapılacak çalışmalarda ROA’nın potansiyel olarak en uygun istatistiksel araç olduğunu düşündürmektedir.</p></abstract>
                                                                                                                                    <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
                            <p>This study aimed to compare the performance of a spatial downscaling model based on environmental covariates with machine learning algorithms, which have recently gained prominence in digital soil mapping. The model trials performed in the R-Studio 4.4.2 environment cover the area within the administrative boundaries of the Ekinözü district of Kahramanmaraş. The soil organic carbon layer at 250 m resolution was converted to the 30 m resolution version by using the environmental covariates (slope, topographic wetness index, digital elevation model, temperature, relative humidity, net primary productivity, normalized difference vegetation index, panchromatic band) arranged for the entire study area at 30 m spatial resolution. As a result of all model trials, the predicted performances of models based on linear and non-linear machine learning algorithms were compared and it was seen that the models established with non-linear algorithms were superior to the others by a significant difference. The findings showed that the Random Forest Algorithm (RFA) based model performed better (RMSE=3.23, MAE=3.88 ve R2=0.69) compared to other nonlinear machine learning algorithm, including Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Decision Trees, and Support Vector Machine (SVM). These results suggest that RFA is potentially the most appropriate statistical tool for the studies to be carried out to map the soil organic carbon content in Ekinözü district and surrounding areas.</p></trans-abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                            <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>Toprak organik karbonu</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Konumsal ölçek küçültme</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Çevresel ortak değişkenler</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Dijital toprak haritalama</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Makine öğrenmesi</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                        
                                                                            <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
                                                    <kwd>Soil organic carbon</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Spatial downscaling</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Environmental covariates</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Digital soil mapping</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Machine learning</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                                                                            </article-meta>
    </front>
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