Futbolcularda Quadriceps Açısının Çeviklik ve Anaerobik Güce Etkisi

Öz

Çalışmamızın amacı erkek futbolcularda Q açısının çeviklik ve anaerobik güce etkisinin incelenmesidir. Çalışmaya katılan tüm deneklerin vücut kompozisyon parametrelerini belirlemek için Gaia 359 Plus BodyPass biyoelektrik empedans vücut analizörü kullanıldı. Anaerobik güç parametrelerini ölçmek için Wingate ergometresi kullanıldı. Q açısını (QA) belirlemek için Baseline marka manuel gonyometre ile yapıldı. Futbolcuların çeviklikleri ise 505 çeviklik testi ile ölçüldü. Elde edilen verilerin analizi SPSS 22 paket programında uygulandı. Normal dağılım gösterdiği tespit edilen verilere, ANOVA testi ve basit regresyon testleri uygulandı. Çalışmada kullanılan şekiller GraphPad Prism 8.4.2 programında yapıldı. Çalışmamıza katılan futbolcuların ortalamalarında baktığımızda, yaş 19,44±1,34 yıl, vücut ağırlığı 66,41±6,2 kg, boy uzunluğu 1,78±1,33 cm, VKİ 21,52±1,71 kg/m2 olarak tespit edildi. Çalışmaya katılan sol dominant ayağa sahip futbolcularda QA’nın peak power (PP) ve avarage power (AP) çıktılarını etkilediği tespit edildi. Sol dominant ayaklı futbolcularda QA’sındaki artışın 505 çeviklik koşu performansını olumlu etkilediği tespit edildi (p=0,019). Sol dominant ayak Q açısının çevikliği yordadığı ve varyansın %56,9’unu açıkladığı tespit edildi. Sağ dominant ayağa sahip futbolcularda QA’nın PP ve AP çıktılarını etkilediği tespit edildi (p<0,05). Sağ dominant ayaklı futbolcularda QA’sındaki artışın 505 çeviklik koşu performansını olumlu etkilediği tespit edildi (p<0,036). Sağ dominant ayak Q açısının çevikliği yordadığı ve varyansın %51,7’sini açıkladığı tespit edildi. Sonuç olarak amatör futbolcularda QA’sının PP, AP güç çıktıları ve çeviklik skorlarını etkilediği tespit edildi.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Anaerobik güç
• çeviklik
• Q açısı

The Effect of Quadriceps Angle on Agility and Anaerobic Power in Football Players

Öz

The objective of this study was to examine the impact of the Q angle on anaerobic power and agility in male footballers. The body composition parameters of the subjects were determined using the Gaia 359 Plus BodyPass bioelectrical impedance body analyzer. The anaerobic power parameters were measured using the Wingate ergometer. The Q angle was determined using the Baseline brand manual goniometer. The 505 agility test was used to evaluate the players' agility. The data was analysed using SPSS 22 software. Normality was assessed, and ANOVA and simple regression tests were performed where appropriate. GraphPad Prism 8.4.2 was used to produce output figures. The mean age, body weight, height, and BMI of the football players involved in the study were 19.44±1.34 years, 66.41±6.2 kg, 1.78±1.33 cm, and 21.52±1.71 kg/m2, respectively. It was found that quadriceps angle (QA) had an impact on Peak power (PP) and avarage power (AP) in football players with a left dominant foot. Moreover, an increase in QA had a positive effect on 505 agility running performance in such players (p=0.019). Additionally, the Q angle of the left dominant foot predicted agility and explained 56.9% of the variance. Lastly, it was determined that QA influenced PP and AP outcomes in footballers with a right dominant foot (p<0.05). It has been found that there is a positive influence of QA improvement on agility running performance in football players with a right dominant foot (p<0.036). Additionally, it has been demonstrated that a right dominant foot Q angle can predict agility and account for up to 51.7% of the variance. Consequently, the QA has an impact on PP, AP power outputs, and agility scores in amateur football players.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Anaerobic strength
• agility
• Q angle

Kaynakça

1. Akınoğlu, B., Kocahan, T., Kabak, B., Ünüvar, E., ve Hasanoğlu, A. (2020). Erkek sporcularda kuadriseps açısı ile kuadriseps kas kuvveti arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Sports Sciences, 12(2), 129-136. https://doi.org/10.5336/sportsci.2019-71553
2. Alonso A. C., Brech, G. C., Bourquin, A. M., ve Greve, J.M. (2011), The influence of lower-limb dominance on postural balance, Sao Paulo Med Journal, 129, 410-413. https://doi.org/10.1590/s1516-31802011000600007
3. Arı, E., ve Apaydın, N. (2022). Amatör futbol oyuncularının anaerobik güç ve ivmelenme parametrelerinin bazı fiziksel özelliklere göre incelenmesi. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 11(3), 1191-1201. https://doi.org/10.37989/gumussagbil.1097616
4. Bayraktar, B., Yucesir, I., Ozturk, A., Cakmak, A. K., Taskara, N., Kale, A., ve Camlica, H. (2004). Change of quadriceps angle values with age and activity. Saudi medical journal, 25(6), 756-760.
5. Bloomfield, J., Polman, R., O’Donoghue, P., ve McNaughton, L. (2007). Effective speed and agility conditioning methodology for random intermittent dynamic type sports. J Strength Cond Res 21 (1), 1093-1100.
6. Byl, T., Cole, J. A., ve Livingston, L. A. (2000). What determines the magnitude of the Q angle? A preliminary study of selected skeletal and muscular measures. Journal of Sport Rehabilitation, 9(1), 26-34.
7. Carling, C., Franck L. G., ve Gregory, D. (2012). Analysis of repeated high-intensity running performance in professional soccer. Journal of Sports Sciences, 30(1), 325-336.
8. Cartwright, A. M. (2007). The influence of Q-angle and gender on the stair-climbing kinetics and kinematics of the knee. Master's thesis, University of Waterloo.

9. Cometti, G., Maffiuletti, N. A., Pousson, M., Chatard, J. C., ve Maffulli, N. (2001). Isokinetic strength and anaerobic power of elite, subelite, and amateur French soccer players. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 22(1), 45–51. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2001-11331
10. Contarlı, N., & Özmen, T. (2021). Relationship between Q angle, dynamic balance and vertical jump height in gymnasts. Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 4(3), 32-43.
11. Daneshmandi, H., Saki, F., Shahheidari, S., ve Khoori, A. (2011). Lower extremity malalignment and its linear relation with Q angle in female athletes. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 15(1), 3349-3354. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.04.298
12. Denızoglu-Kulli, H., Yeldan, I., ve Yildirim, N. U. (2019). Influence of quadriceps angle on static and dynamic balance in young adults. Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation, 32(6), 857-862.
13. Draper, C. E., Chew, K. T., Wang, R., Jennings, F., Gold, G. E., ve Fredericson, M. (2011). Comparison of quadriceps angle measurements using short-arm and long-arm goniometers: correlation with MRI. Pm&r, 3(2), 111-116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmrj.2010.10.020
14. Eliöz, M., Atan, T., Saç, A., ve Yamak, B. (2015). Sporcu ve sedanterlerde Q açısı ile bazı fiziksel özellikler arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Spor ve Performans Araştırmaları Dergisi, 6(1), 58-65. https://doi.org/10.17155/spd.76168
15. France, L., ve Nester, C. (2001). Effect of errors in the identification of anatomical l and marks on the accuracy of Q angle values. Clinical Biomechanics, 16(8), 710-713. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0268-0033(01)00045-6
16. Hammami, M., Negra, Y., Shephard, R. J., ve Chelly, M. S. (2017). The effect of standard strength vs. contrast strength training on the development of sprint, agility, repeated change of direction, and jump in junior male soccer players. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 31(4), 901-912. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000001815.
17. Heiderscheit, B. C., Hamill, J., ve Caldwell, G. E. (2000). Influence of Q-angle on lower-extremity running kinematics. Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy, 30(5), 271-278.
18. Hewett, T. E., Lindenfeld, T. N., Riccobene, J. V., ve Noyes, F. R. (1999). The Effect of Neuromuscular Training on the Incidence of Knee Injury in Female Athletes. American Journal of Sports Medicine, 27(6), 699–706.
19. Hoff, J., ve Helgerud, J. (2004). Endurance and strength training for soccer players: physiological considerations. Sports Medicine, 34(3), 165-180. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200434030-00003
20. Horton, M. G., ve Hall, T. L. (1989). Quadriceps femoris muscle angle: normal values and relationships with gender and selected skeletal measures. Physical Therapy, 69(11), 897-901.
21. Işin, A. (2017). Futbola katılımın genu varum üzerine etkisi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Akdeniz Üniversitesi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
22. Jaiyesimi, A. O., ve Jegede, O. O. (2009). Influence of gender and leg dominance on Q-angle among young adult nigerians. African Journal of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, 1(1), 18-23. https://doi.org/10.4314/ajprs.v1i1.51309
23. Jeffries, K. (2011). Effects of Q-Angle and Pelvic tilt on Broad Jump, Vertical Jump and 40 yard dash in NCAA Division I Athletes.
24. Jones, B.R. (2013). The effect of Q angle on vertical jump in female athletes. Unpublished Master’s Thesis. Baltimore, MD: The Goucher College.
25. Jovanovic, M., Sporis, G., Omrcen, D., ve Fiorentini, F. (2011). Effects of speed, agility, quickness training method on power performance in elite soccer players. Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 25(5), 1285- 1292. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181d67c65.
26. Karasar, N. (2016). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri. (38. Baskı).Nobel Yayınları.
27. Kristianslund, E., Krosshaug, T., Mok, K. M., McLean, S., ve Van den Bogert, A. J. (2014). Expressing the joint moments of drop jumps and sidestep cutting in different reference frames–does it matter?. Journal of Biomechanics, 47(1), 193-199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2013.09.016
28. Livingston, L. A., ve Mandigo, J. L. (1997). Bilateral within-subject Q angle asymmetry in young adult females and males. Biomed Sci Instrum,. 33, 112-117.
29. Lunn, W. R., ve Axtell, R. S. (2021). Validity and reliability of the lode excalibur sport cycle ergometer for the Wingate anaerobic test. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 35(10), 2894-2901. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000003211
30. Mitchell, A., Dyson, R., Hale, T., ve Abraham, C. (2008). Biomechanics of ankle instability. part 1: reaction time to simulated ankle Sprain. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 40(8),1515-21. https://doi.org/10.1249/mss.0b013e31817356b6
31. Nikolaidis, P. T., Dellal, A., Torres-Luque, G., ve Ingebrigtsen, J. (2015). Determinants of acceleration and maximum speed phase of repeated sprint ability in soccer players: a cross-sectional study. Science & Sports, 30 (1), 7-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scispo.2014.05.003
32. Nikolaidis, P. T., Ruano, M. A. G., De Oliveira, N. C., Portes, L. A., Freiwald, J., Lepretre, P. M., ve Knechtle, B. (2016). Who runs the fastest? Anthropometric and physiological correlates of 20 m sprint performance in male soccer players. Research in Sports Medicine, 24 (4), 341-351. https://doi.org/10.1080/15438627.2016.1222281
33. Özkan, A., Köklü, Y., ve Ersöz, G. (2010). Wingate anaerobic power test. Journal of Human Sciences, 7 (1), 207-224. Paranjape, S., ve Singhania, N. (2019). Effect of body positions on quadriceps angle measurement. SciMedicine Journal, 1(1), 20-24.
34. Patole, K., Palekar, T. J., Bhise, A., Bansal, P., Arulekar, R., Bhavsar, K., Sahu, B., ve Saini, S. (2021). Effect of quadriceps angle on static and dynamic balance ın young adults: A correlational study. Drugs and Cell Therapies in Haematology, 10(1), 1283-1292.
35. Saç, A., ve Taşmektepligil, M. Y. (2018). Correlation between the Q angle and the isokinetic knee strength and muscle activity. Turkish Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 64(4), 308-313. https://doi.org/10.5606/tftrd.2018.2366.
36. Shambaugh, J. P., Klein, A., ve Herbert, J. H. (1991). Structural measures as predictors of injury basketball players. Medicine and Science in Sports Exercise, 23(5), 522-527.
37. Tella, B. A., Ulogo, U., Odebiyi, D. O., ve Omololu, A. B. (2010). Gender variation of bilateral Q-angle in young adult Nigerians. Nigerian Quarterly Journal of Hospital Medicine, 20(3), 114-116.
38. Wallace, J. L., ve Norton, K. I. (2014). Evolution of World Cup soccer final games 1966-2010: Game structure, speed, and play patterns. Journal of Science and Medicine Sport, 17(2), 223-228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2013.03.016
39. Woodland, L. H., ve Francis, R. S. (1992). Parameters and comparisons of the quadriceps angle of college-aged men and women in the supine and standing positions. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 20(2), 208-211.
40. Wilson, T., ve Kitsell, F. (2002). Is the Q-angle an absolute or a variable measure?: Measurement of the Q-angle over one minute in healthy subjects. Physiotherapy, 88(5), 296-302.
41. Vescovi, J. D., Rupf, R., Brown, T. D., ve Marques, M. C. (2011). Physical performance characteristics of high‐level female soccer players 12–21 years of age. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 21(5), 670-678. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.2009.01081.x.
42. Vurgun, N., Cengiz, Ş. Ş., Karesi, H., ve Örcütaş, H. (2022). The effect of q angle on anaerobic peak power and balance in 15-17 age group football players. Akdeniz Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 5(Özel Sayı 1), 371-381. https://doi.org/10.38021asbid.1203120
43. Yücel, B. D. (1995). Quadrıceps femorıs açısının normal değerleri ve bu değerleri etkileyen faktörler: bir ön çalışma. Spor Bilimleri Dergisi, 6(2), 28-37.