GÖKKUŞAĞI ALABALIĞI DİYETLERİNDE BALIK UNUNUN BİR KISMI YERİNE SOYA KÜSPESİ VE TAM YAĞLI SOYA KULLANIMIN FOSFOR SİNDİRİMİ VE BALIK ETİNDEKİ FOSFOR MİKTARINA ETKİLERİ

Öz

Bu çalışmada, gökkuşağı alabalığı diyetine ilave edilen soya küspesi ve tam yağlı soyanın besin maddeleri ve fosforun sindirilme oranları ile balık etindeki fosfor miktarı üzerine olan etkileri araştırılmıştır.  Bu amaçla %49,52 ham protein ve 4,287 kkal/g toplam enerji içeren kontrol diyeti hazırlanmıştır.  Kontrol diyetindeki balık ununun %15'i yerine soya küspesi (SK) ve tam yağlı soya (TYS) ilave edilen diyetler oluşturulmuştur.  Kontrol, SK ve TYS ile beslenen balıklarda besin maddeleri ve fosfor sindirim oranları arasındaki farklılıklar önemli bulunmuştur. (p<0,05). Ayrıca, balık etindeki fosfor miktarı bakımından kontrol ile SK ve TYS diyetleri arasındaki fark istatistiksel olarak önemli bulunmuştur. (p<0,05). Bununla birlikte, çalışma sonucunda fosfor sindirim katsayısının TYS ile beslenen balıklarda SK ile beslenen balıklardan istatistiksel olarak daha düşük düzeyde olduğu belirlenmiştir.  (p<0,05).

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Gökkuşağı alabalığı, Oncorhynchus mykiss, fosfor, sindirilebilirlik, soya küspesi, tam yağlı soya

References

1. Albrektsen, S., Mundheim, H. ve Aksnes, A., (2006). Growth, feed efŞciency , digestibility and nutrient distribution in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) fed two different fish meal qualities at three dieatary levels of vegatable protein sources, Aquaculture 261, 626-640.
2. Anaç, H. ve Ertürk, Y.E., (2003). Soya fasulyesi. Tarımsal Ekonomi ve Araştırma Enstitüsü Yayınları, 2, 6, 4s.
3. AOAC, (Association of OfŞcial Analytical Chemists) (1995). OfŞcial Methods of Analysis, of A OAC International, 16 th Edition., Arlington, V.A.
4. AOAC, (Association of OfŞcial Analytical Chemists) (2005). OfŞcial Methods of Analysis of AOAC International, 18 th Edition. Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA, AOAC International.
5. Carter, C.G. ve Hauler R.C., (2000). Fish meal replacement by plant meals in extruded feeds for Atlantic salmon, Salma salar L., Aquaculture, 185, 299-311.
6. Cho, C.Y., Cowey, GB. ve Watanabe, T., (1985). FinŞsh Nutrition in Asia: Methodological Approaches to Research and Development, Ottawa, Ont., IDRC.
7. Cho, C.Y. ve Slinger S.J ., (1979). Apparent digestibility measurement in feedstuffs for rainbow trout. In: J. Halver and K. Tiews (Editors). Proc. World Symp. on FinŞsh Nutrition and Fish feed Technology. Vol. II. Hee- nemann, Berlin, 239-247.
8. Çetinkaya, O., (1995). Balık Besleme, Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi, Van,Yayın no, 9.

9. Dalsgaard, J ., Ekmann, K.S., Pedersen, P.B. ve Verlhac V., (2009). Effect of suplemented fungal phytase on performance and phosphorus availability by phosphorus-depleted juvenile rainbow trout, (Oncorhynchus mykiss), mand onthe magnitude and composition of phosphorus waste output, Aqu- aculture, 286, 105-112.
10. Dersjant-Li, Y., (2002). The use of soy protein in aquafeeds, Avances en Nutricion Avances en nutricion acuicola VI. Memoras de VI. Simposium Internacional de nutricion Acuicola 3 al 6 de., 541-558 .
11. Ergün, A., Çolpan, İ., Yıldız, G., Küçükersan, S., Tuncer, Ş., Yalçın, S., Küçükersan, M.K. ve Şehu, A., (2004).Yemler ve Yem Hijyeni ve Tekno- lojisi, Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi.
12. Forde-Skjaervik, O., Refstie, S., Aslaksen, M.A. ve Skrede, A., (2006). Digestibility of diets containing different soybean meals in Atlantic cod (Ga- dus morhua); comparison of collection methods and mapping of digestibility in different sections of the gastrointestinal tract, Aquaculture, 261, 241-258.
13. Furukawa, A. ve Tsukahara, H., (1966). On the acid digestion of chromic oxide as an index substance in the study of digestibility of Şsh feed, Bulletin ofthe Japanese Society of ScientiŞc Fisheries, 32, 86, 502-506.
14. Haşimoğlu, S. ve Aksoy A., (1977). Rasyon Hesaplama Metotları ve Yemleme Prensipleri. A.Ü. Ziraat Fakültesi, Yayın No: 224, Erzurum.
15. Luo, Z., Tan, X.Y., Liu, X. ve Wang M., (2009). Dietary total phosphorus requirement of juvenile yellow catŞsh Pelteobagrusfulvidraco, Aquaculture Int. Doi210.1007/s 10499-009-9310-2.
16. Mambrini, M., Roem, A.J., Cravedi, J.P., Lalles, J.P. ve Kaushik S.] ., (1999). Effects of replacing Şsh meal with soy protein concentrate and of DL-methionin suplementation in high-energy, extruded diets on the growth and nutrient utilization of rainbow trout, (Oncorhynchus mykiss), Journal of Animal Science, 77, 2990-2999.
17. NRC, Nutrient Requirements of Fish. National Research Council (NRC), (1993). National Academy Press, Washington, D.C.
18. Nwanna, L.C., Kühlwein H., Schwarz F.] ., (2010). Phosphorus require- ment of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) based on growth and minera- lization, Aquaculture Research, 41, 401-410.
19. Opstvedt, J ., Aksnes, A., Hope, B. ve Pike I.H., (2003). EfŞciency of feed utilization inAtlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.), Aquaculture, 221, 365-3 79.
20. Özlüer Hunt, A., Özkan, F. ve Altun T., (2007). Balık yemlerinde bes- lenmeyi s1n1rland1r1c1 maddeler ve etkileri, Ulusal Su Günleri 16-18 Mayıs 2007, 634-642, Antalya.
21. Riche, M. ve Brown P.B., (1999). Incorparation of plant protein feeds- tufffs into Şsh meal diets for rainbow trout increases phosphorus availability, Aquaculture Nutrition 5, 101-105.
22. Roy, P.K. ve Lall S.P., (2003). Dieatary phosphorus requirement of juve- nile hadddock (Melanogrammus aegleŞnus L.), Aquaculture, 221, 451-468.
23. Sardar, P., Randhawa, H.S., Abid, M. ve Prabhakar S.K., (2007). Effect of dietary microbial phytase supplementation on growth performance nut- rient utilization, body compositions and haemato-biochemical proŞles of Cyprinus carpio (L.) fıngerlings fed soy protein-baseddiet, Aquaculture Nutrition 13, 444-456.
24. Satoh, S., Takanezawa, M., Akimoto, A., Kiron, V. ve Watanebe, T., (2002).Changes of phosphorus absorbtion from sevaral feed ingredients in rainbow trout during growing stages and effect of extrusion of soybean meal, Fisheries Science 68, 325-331.
25. Satoh, S., Hernandez, A., Tokoro, T., Morishita, Y., Kiron, V. ve Wata- nabe T., (2003). Comparison of phosphorus retention efficiency between rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed a commercial diet and low Şsh meal based diet, Aquaculture 224, 271-282.
26. Spyridakis, P., Metailler, R., Gabaudan, J. ve Riazza, A., (1989). Studies on nutrient digestibility in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) Met- hodological aspects concerning faces collection, Aquaculture, 77, 61-70.
27. Tankitti, C., Sangpong, W. ve Chiavareesaj ja S., (2005). Effects of defated soybean protein levels on growth performance and nitrogen and phosphorus excretion in Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer), Aquaculture, 248, 41-50.
28. Vielma, J ., Makinen, T., Ekholm, P. ve Koskela, J ., (2000). Inşuence of dietary soy and phytase levels on performance and body composition of large rainbow trout, (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and algal avability of phosphorus load, Aquaculture 183, 349-362.