Evaluation of Histopathological Alterations in the Liver and Kidney of Olive Barb (Puntius sarana, Hamilton 1822) as an Indicator of the Surma River’s Pollution

Abstract

Water pollution poses a global hazard to aquatic biota and ecological sustainability, causing a hazard to aquatic organisms such as fish. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of toxic chemical contaminants on histopathological biomarkers in the liver and kidney of olive barb (Puntius sarana) collected from the Surma River in comparison to a control group of fish. The histological bio-moni-toring assessment involved the sampling of thirty (30) table-sized fish collected from the four-sam-pling sites (i. Kajir Bazar, ii. Keane Bridge, iii. Shahjalal Bridge and iv. Burhanuddin Majar) of the Surma River on a monthly basis during the period of September 2019 to February 2020. Twenty (20) ta-ble-sized fish of the same species were reared in the Fish Disease Diagnosis and Pharmacology Laboratory, which has a controlled water quality system. In the present study, the river temperature was found to range from 19.7±1.57°C to 30.00±1.29°C. Dissolved oxygen of the surface water was observed to range from 4.15±0.31 to 4.82±0.67 ppm. The pH was found to range from 7.42±0.33 to 6.50±0.12. We observed several pathological changes viz., haemorrhage, lipid droplet, hypertrophy and hyperplasia, erythrocyte infiltration into blood sinusoid, pyknosis and hepatocyte degeneration in the liver tissues of P. sarana. The histopathological analysis of the kidney showed tubular degener-ation of the distal tubule, tubular degeneration of the proximal tubule, melanomacrophage centre, glomerular shrinkage, vacuolisation, necrosis and haemorrhage. The evidence of pathological alter-ations in the liver and kidney of olive barb P. sarana appeared to be a useful biomarker to assess the impact of the toxicity of water pollution in the Surma River.

Keywords

• Histopathology
• Puntius sarana
• Surma river
• Environmental Pollution
• Biomarkers

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