Effect of Phosmet Toxicity on Some Physiological Traits in Duckweed (Lemna gibba L.)

Abstract

Pesticides, one of the chemicals that adversely affect the environment and human health, can have effects on non-target organisms due to their chemical properties and wide range of use. Therefore, in this study, the toxic effects of phosmet insecticides on Lemna gibba, an aquatic macrophyte, were determined as a non-target organism. The study was carried out in a climate cabinet under controlled conditions. It was determined that the photosynthetic pigments and total carbohydrate content of the macrophyte decreased with increasing phosmet concentration. Similarly, decrease in total phenolic contents were found. A significant and positive correlation between non-protein sulfhydryl groups (NP-SH) and H2 O2 contents may indicate their role in antioxidant defense mechanism. Besides, increases in malondialdehyde (MDA) and H2 O2 contents showed that phosmet toxicity caused oxidative stress in L. gibba tissues.

Keywords

• Lemna gibba
• phosmet
• toxicity
• oxidative stress

References

1. Aarti, P. D., Tanaka, R., Tanaka, A. (2006). Effects of oxidative stress on chlorophyll biosynthesis in cucumber (Cucumis sativus) cotyledons. Physiologi'a Plantarum, 128, 186-197. google scholar
2. Barcelo, D., &, Hennion, M. C. (1997). Trace determination of pesticides and their degradation products in water. Techniques and Instrumentation in Analytical Chemistry, vol. 19. Elsevier, Amsterdam. google scholar
3. Cinar, G., & Dogan, M. (2020). Physiological response of Moringa oleifera exposed to bisphenol A. Botanica Serbica, 44(2), 183-189. google scholar
4. Dogan, M. & Gultekin. E. (2017). Effects of single and combined applications of chromium and clarithromycin on wheat seedlings. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 26, 1154-1162. google scholar
5. Dogan, M., Sahin Yigit, S., Cinar, G. (2021). Effects of lead accumulation on physiological parameters and nutritional elements in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) seedlings. AgroLife Scientific Journal, 10(2), 56-62. google scholar
6. Drum, C. (1980). Soil chemistry of pesticides. PPG Industries. Inc. USA. google scholar
7. D’Souza, U. J. A. (2017). Pesticide toxicity and oxidative stress: a review. Borneo Journal of Medical Sciences, 11, 9-19. google scholar
8. Dubey, P., Mishra, A. K., Singh, A. K. (2015). Comparative analyses of genotoxicity, oxidative stress and antioxidative defence system under exposure of methyl parathion and hexaconazole in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 22(24), 19848-19859. google scholar

9. Ellman, G. L. (1959). Tissue sulfhydryl groups. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 82, 70-77. google scholar
10. FAO (2019). Specifications and Evaluations for Agricultural Pesticides, Phosmet. Note: Evaluation Report only, 2019. google scholar
11. Hassaan, M. A., & El Nemr, A. (2020). Pesticides pollution: Classifications, human health impact, extraction and treatment techniques. The Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research, 46(3), 207-220. google scholar
12. Iwaniuk, P., & Lozowicka, B. (2022). Biochemical compounds and stress markers in lettuce upon exposure to pathogenic Botrytis cinerea and fungicides inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Planta, 255, 1-14. google scholar
13. Kumar, S. (2012). Effect of herbicides on carbohydrate, protein and electrophoretic protein bands content in Triticum aestivum. International Journal of Food, Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences, 2(1), 13-25. google scholar
14. Lichtenthaler, H. K. & Wellburn, A. R. (1985). Determination of total carotenoids and chlorophylls a and b of leaf in different solvents. Biochemical Society Transactions, 11, 591-592. google scholar
15. Lin, Y., Li, D., Zhou, C., Wu, Y., Miao, P., Dong, Q., Zhu, S., Pan, C. (2022). Application of insecticides on peppermint (Mentha x piperita L.) induces lignin accumulation in leaves by consuming phenolic acids and thus potentially deteriorates quality. Journal of Plant Physiology, 279, 153836. google scholar
16. Magne, C., Saladin, G., Clement, C. (2006). Transient effect of the herbicide flazasulfuron on carbohydrate physiology in Vitis vinifera L.. Chemosphere, 62(4), 650-657. google scholar
17. Mitton, F. M., Ferreira, J. L. R., Gonzalez, M., Miglioranza, K. S., Monserrat, J. M. (2016). Antioxidant responses in soybean and alfalfa plants grown in DDTs contaminated soils: Useful variables for selecting plants for soil phytoremediation?. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 130, 17-21. google scholar
18. Mostafa, F. I., & Helling, C. S. (2002). Impact of four pesticides on the growth and metabolic activities of two photosynthetic algae. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B, 37(5), 417-444. google scholar
19. Nohatto, M. A., Agostinetto, D., Langaro, A. C., Oliveira, C. D., Ruchel, Q. (2016). Antioxidant activity of rice plants sprayed with herbicides. Pesquisa Agropecuaria Tropical, 46, 28-34. google scholar
20. Park, J., Yoo, E., Shin, K., Depuydt, S., Li, W., Appenroth, K. J., Lillicrap, A. D., Xie, L., Lee, H., Kim, G., De Saeger, J., Choi, S., Kim, G., Brown, M. T., Han, T. (2021). Interlaboratory validation of toxicity testing using the duckweed Lemna minor root-regrowth test. Biology, 11(1), 37. google scholar
21. Plummer, D. T. (1998). An introduction to Practical Biochemistry. Third edition. Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Ltd., New Delhi. google scholar
22. Ratkevicius, N., Correa, J.A., Moenne, A. (2003). Copper accumulation, synthesis of ascorbate and activation of ascorbate peroxidase in Enteromorpha compressa (L.) Grev. (Chlorophyta) from heavy metal-enriched environments in northern Chile. Plant, Cell and Environment, 26, 1599-1608. google scholar
23. Salem, R. E. E. S. (2016). Side effects of certain pesticides on chlorophyll and carotenoids contents in leaves of maize and tomato plants. Middle East Journal, 5(4), 566. google scholar
24. Sergiev, L., Alexieva, E., Karanov, E. (1997). Effect of spermine, atrazine and combination between them on some endogenous protective systems and markers in plants. Comptes Rendus de l'Academie Bulgare Des Sciences, 51, 121-124. google scholar
25. Seth, P., Mahananda, M. R., Rani, A. (2014). Morphological and biochemical changes in mung plant (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek): Respond to synthetic pesticide & biopesticide. International Journal of Research in Agricultural Sciences, 1(6), 367-372. google scholar
26. Sharma, A., Kumar, V., Thukral, A. K., Bhardwaj, R. (2019). Responses of plants to pesticide toxicity: An overview. Planta Daninha, 37. google scholar
27. Sharples, C. R., Hull, M. R., Cobb, A. H. (1997). Growth and photosynthetic characteristics of two biotypes of the weed black-grass (Alopecurus myosuroides Huds.) resistant and susceptible to the herbicide chlorotoluron. Annals of Botany, 79(4), 455-461. google scholar
28. Taylor, M., Klaine, S., Carvalho, F. P., Barcelo, D., Everaarts, J. (2003). Pesticide Residues in Coastal Tropical Ecosystems. Distribution, Fate and Effects. Taylor and Francis, London. google scholar
29. Tomlin, C. D. S. (2004). Phosmet (732-11-6). In: The e-Pesticide Manual, 13th Edition Version 3.1. google scholar
30. United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) (2010) United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) Risks of phosmet use to the federally threatened and endangered California tiger salamander (Ambystoma californiense) 2010. https://www3.epa.gov/ pesticides/endanger/litstatus/effects/redleg-frog/2010/phosmet/ assessment.pdf google scholar
31. Yu, G., Chen, Q., Chen, F., Liu, H., Lin, J., Chen, R., Chunyuan Ren, C., Wei, J., Zhang, Y., Fengjun Yang, F., Sheng, Y. (2022). Glutathione promotes degradation and metabolism of residual fungicides by inducing UDP-glycosyltransferase genes in tomato. Frontiers in Plant Science, 1978. google scholar
32. Zhou, Q. (2001). The measurement of malondialdehyde in plants. In: Zhou Q. (Ed.): Methods in Plant Physiology. China Agricultural Press, Beijing: pp. 173-174. google scholar