YÜZEYSEL SULARDA AĞIR METALLERİN ETKİLERİ VE ÖTROFİKASYON İLE İLİŞKİSİ

Öz

Ağır metaller sucul ekosistemlere doğal kaynakların yanısıra artan antropojenik baskılar (kentsel ve endüstriyel baskılar, yayılı kaynaklı baskılar, jeotermal kaynaklı baskılar) ile ulaşmaktadır. Çalışmada, sucul canlılarda kanserojenik, birikimcilik ve toksik etki yapan ağır metallerin göllerde doğal bir süreç olan ötrofikasyon ile ilişkisi incelenmiştir. Ağır metallerin sucul ortamlardaki taşınım, çözünme, çökelme, kompleks oluşumu, adsorpsiyon ve biyoakümülasyon mekanizmaları oldukça karmaşık süreçler olup, suyun fizikokimyasal özelliklerinden etkilenmektedir. Buna göre ağır metal kirliliğine bağlı olarak sucul canlılarda tür sayısının azaldığı, bazı türlerin ortamdan kaybolduğu ya da ağır metallere toleransı yüksek olan türlerin ortamda baskın olduğu görülebilmektedir. Özellikle sucul canlıların karaciğer solungaç gibi dokularında birikmekte ve besin zincirine girişim yapabilmektedir. Ayrıca sedimanda depolanan metaller, sedimanda gerçekleşen oksidasyon ve redüksiyon reaksiyonlarından doğrudan veya dolaylı olarak etkilenmektedirler. Sonuç olarak, doğal bir süreç olan ötrofikasyon prosesi sucul ortamların birçok fizikokimyasal özelliğini etkilemektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Ağır metal,ötrofikasyon,biyoakümülasyon,sediman,toksisite,su kimyası

THE EFFECT OF HEAVY METALS IN SURFACE WATER AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP WITH EUTROPHICATION

Abstract

Heavy metals reach the aquatic ecosystems with natural sources as well as increasing anthropogenic pressures (urban and industrial pressures, diffuse sources, geothermal-driven pressures). In the study, the relationship between heavy metals which are carcinogenic, accumulating and toxic in aquatic life and eutrophication which is a natural process in lakes is investigated. The transport, dissolution, precipitation, complex formation, adsorption and bioaccumulation mechanisms of heavy metals in aquatic environments are highly complex processes and are influenced by the physicochemical properties of the water. According to this, it can be seen that due to the heavy metal pollution, the number of species decreases in aquatic organisms, some species disappear from the environment or the species with high tolerance to heavy metals are predominant in the environment. In particular, heavy metals can accumulate in the liver gill-like tissues of aquatic organisms and can interfere with the food chain. In addition, the metals stored in the sediments are directly or indirectly affected by the oxidation and reduction reactions occurring in the sediments. As a result, the eutrophication process, a natural process, affects many physicochemical properties of aquatic environments.

Keywords

• Heavy metal,eutrofication,bioaccumulation,sediment,toxicity,water chemistry

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