The Impact of Leechiosis on Semi-Artificial Spawning Performance and Hematological Parameters of Silver Carp (Hypophthalmichthys Molitrix) Brooders and Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) Fingerlings with A Reference to Its Stress Response and Treatment

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 33 Sayı: 2, 53 - 60, 17.04.2018

Fatma M.M. Korni Manal A.A. Essa Walaa M. S. Ahmed

https://doi.org/10.18864/ase201809

Öz

There was a decrease in artificial spawning
performance of hatchery-reared cyprinid brooders in the spring of 2016 in an
Egyptian hatchery. In this study, cyprinid brooders and fingerlings were
clinically examined in situ, which showed that they were affected with
leechiosis. Hemiclepsis marginata were identified as a causative agent of
leechiosis. The prevalence of leechiosis was highest in silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys
molitrix) brooders and common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fingerlings. The infested
brooders and fingerlings showed red to white marks, severe hemorrhages, and
dark contracted worms on their skin. The impact of leechiosis on
semi-artificial spawning performance and hematological parameters of H.
molitrix brooders was evaluated by determining the eggs weight, fertility,
hatching percentage and the complete blood picture. Leechiosis had a
significant impact on eggs weight, fertility, and hatching percentage.
Microcytic hypochromic anemia, leukocytosis, lymphopenia, and heterophilia were
recorded in the infested brooders. Regarding the association between leechiosis
and stress response, the total antioxidant enzymes were found to be
significantly decreased, whereas malondialdehyde levels were increased in the
infested brooders compared with those in control samples. Under the
experimental condition, leechiosis could be controlled among C. carpio
fingerlings using trichlorfon, after which normal hematological parameters were
recorded for the treated C. carpio fingerlings. Regarding the field conditions,
trichlorfon could successfully control leechiosis in H. molitrix brooders and
C. carpio fingerlings. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Leechiosis, Hemiclepsis marginata, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, Cyprinus carpio, total antioxidant enzymes, malondialdehyde, trichlorfon

The Impact of Leechiosis on Semi-Artificial Spawning Performance and Hematological Parameters of Silver Carp (Hypophthalmichthys Molitrix) Brooders and Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) Fingerlings with A Reference to Its Stress Response and Treatment

Öz

There was a decrease in artificial spawning performance of hatchery-reared cyprinid brooders in the spring of 2016 in an Egyptian hatchery. In this study, cyprinid brooders and fingerlings were clinically examined in situ, which showed that they were affected with leechiosis. Hemiclepsis marginata were identified as a causative agent of leechiosis. The prevalence of leechiosis was highest in silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) brooders and common carp (Cyprinus carpio) fingerlings. The infested brooders and fingerlings showed red to white marks, severe hemorrhages, and dark contracted worms on their skin. The impact of leechiosis on semi-artificial spawning performance and hematological parameters of H. molitrix brooders was evaluated by determining the eggs weight, fertility, hatching percentage and the complete blood picture. Leechiosis had a significant impact on eggs weight, fertility, and hatching percentage. Microcytic hypochromic anemia, leukocytosis, lymphopenia, and heterophilia were recorded in the infested brooders. Regarding the association between leechiosis and stress response, the total antioxidant enzymes were found to be significantly decreased, whereas malondialdehyde levels were increased in the infested brooders compared with those in control samples. Under the experimental condition, leechiosis could be controlled among C. carpio fingerlings using trichlorfon, after which normal hematological parameters were recorded for the treated C. carpio fingerlings. Regarding the field conditions, trichlorfon could successfully control leechiosis in H. molitrix brooders and C. carpio fingerlings. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Leechiosis, Hemiclepsis marginata, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, Cyprinus carpio, total antioxidant enzymes, malondialdehyde, trichlorfon

Kaynakça

• Akar, M.A. (2011). Effects of stress on spawners reproductive performance in female Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Journal of the Arabian Aquaculture Society, 6, 172-180.
• Behrens, B., Kerber, J. (1953). Archive of Experimental Pathology and Pharmacology. 177.
• Bielecki, A., Rokicka, M., Ropelewska, E., Dziekońska-Rynko, J. (2008). Leeches (Hirudinida: Piscicolidae) – parasites of Antarctic fish from Channichthyidae family. Wiadomooeci Parazytologiczne, 54, 345-348.
• Burreson, E. M. (2006). Phylum Annelida: Hirudinea as Vectors and Disease Agents. In: Fish Diseases and Disorders: Protozoan and Metazoan Infections, Woo, P.T.K. (Ed.). 2nd Ed., CAB International, Oxon, UK. ISBN: 9780085199011, pp: 566-591.
• Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment, (2012). Canadian water quality guidelines for the protection of aquatic life: Trichlorfon. In: Canadian environmental quality guidelines, 1999, Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment, Winnipeg.
• Campbell, T., Ellis C. (2007). Avian and exotic animal hematology and cytology. New York: Wiley-Blackwell.
• Clauss, T.M., Dove, A.M., Arnold, J.E. (2008). Hematologic Disorders of Fish. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Exotic Animal Practice, 11: 445-462.
• Corrêa, L., Tavares-Dias, M., Ceccarelli, P., Adriano, E. (2016). Hematological alterations in Astyanax altiparanae (Characidade) caused by Lernaea cyprinacea (Copepoda: Lernaeidae). Diseases Aquatic Organisms, 120, 77–81. Dacie, J.V., Lewis, S.M. (1966). Practical Haematology. 3rd ed. 435 pp. London: J. & A. Churchill.
• Dautremepuits, C., Betoulle, S., Vernet, G. (2003). Stimulation of antioxidant enzymes levels in carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) infected by Ptychobothrium sp. (Cestoda). Fish & Shellfish Immunology. 15: 467-471. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1050-4648(03)00007-X
• Ellender, V.R., Weyl, O.L.F. (2014). A review of current knowledge, risk and ecological impacts associated with non-native fish introductions in South African. Aquatic Invasions, 9, 117-132.
• Feldman, B.V., Zinkl, J.G., Jain, N.C. (2000). Schalm’s Veterinary Hematology. 5 Eds. Lea and Fibiger, Philadelphia USA.
• Gheyas, A.A., Mollah, A.F., Islam, M.S., Hussani, M.G. (2001). Cold-shockinduction of diploid gynogenesis in stinging catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis. Journal of applied Aquaculture, 11, 227-240.
• Grantham, B.A., Hann, B.J. (1994). Leeches (Annelida: Hirudinea) in the experimental lakes area, Northwestern Ontario, Canada: Patterns of species composition in relation to environment. Canadian Journal of Fish Aquatic Science 5, 1600-1907.
• Halliwell, B., Chirico, S. (1993). Lipid peroxidation: its mechanism, measurement, and significance. Am J Clin Nutr 57, 715-725.
• Hoole, D., Bucke, D., Burgess, P., Wellby, I. (2001). Diseases of carp and other cyprinid fishes text book. Wiley-Blackwell. ISBN: 978-0-85238-252-3.
• Lopes, R.B., Paraiba, L.C., Ceccarelli, P.S., Valdemar, L.T. (2006). Bioconcentration of trichlorfon insecticide in pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus). Chemosphere, 64, 56-62.
• Koyun, M., Tepe, Y., Mart, A. (2015). First Record of Piscicola geometra (Annelida, Hirudinea) on some Species of Cyprinidae from Euphrates-Tigris Basin in Turkey. Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science, 10, 575-580.
• Marcogliese, D.J., Brambilla, L.G., Gagne, F., Gendron, A.D. (2005). Joint effects of parasitism and pollution on oxidative stress biomarkers in yellow perch Perca flavescens. Aquatic Organism 63, 77-84.
• Maria, M.C.O., Joana, I.E.S.R., Fernando, M.D.B. (2016). Practical nations on fish health and production book. Bentham Science Publisher. Morrison, J.R., Steven, R.F., Wilmer, A.R. (1993). Control of an infestation of a fish leech (Myzobdella lugubris) on catfishes in tanks and earthen ponds. Aquatic Animal Health, 5, 110-114.
• Mozhdeganloo, Z., Heidarpour, M. (2014). Oxidative stress in the gill tissues of goldfishes (Carassius auratus) parasitized by Dactylogyrus spp. Parasitology, 38, 269-272.
• Müller, O.F. (1774). Vermium terrestrium·et fluviatilium. Heineck & Faber, 1, 1-214.
• Noga, E.J. (2010). Fish disease: Diagnosis and treatment. Copyright Mosby-year Book, Watsworth publishing, 2nd ed., Co., USA.
• Öktener, A., Trilles, J.P., Leonardos, I. (2007). Five Ectoparasites from Turkish Fish. Türkiye Parazitoloji Dergisi, 31, 154-157.
• Ohkawa, H., Ohishi, N., Yagi, K. (1979). Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction. Analytical Biochemistry, 95, 351-358.
• Powell, E.N., Bochenek, E.A., Klinck J.M., Hofmann, E.E. (2002). Influence of food quality and quantity on the growth and development of Crassostrea gigas larvae: a modeling approach. Aquaculture, 210, 89-117.
• Pritchard, M.H., Kruse, G.O. (1982). The collection and preservation of animal parasites. Technical Bulletin No. 1. The Harold W. Manter Laboratory, University of Nebraska Press. Pp.141.
• Stumbo, A.D., Goater, C.P., Hontela, A. (2012). Parasite-induced oxidative stress in liver tissue of fathead minnows exposed to trematode cercariae. Parasitology, 139, 1666-1671.
• Wasser, S.K., Sewalland, G., Soules, A.D. (1993). Psychosocial stress as a cause of infertility. J Reprod Fertil, 59, 685-689.
• Woo, P.T.K. (2006). Fish Diseases and Disorders: Protozoan and Metazoan Infections, Hirudinea as Vectors and Disease Agents. 2nd Ed., CAB International, Oxon, UK., ISBN: 9780085199011, pp. 566-591.