Wild Salmo trutta labrax from the Bıçkı Stream in the Marmara Region: Gamete Quality and First Reproduction Under Aquaculture Conditions

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 36 Sayı: 2, 95 - 100, 25.01.2021

Devrim Memiş Gökhan Tunçelli Güneş Yamaner

https://doi.org/10.26650/ASE2020702855

Öz

In this study, the quality and reproductive success of wild Black Sea Trout (Salmo trutta labrax) were investigated. In total 32 wild trout (27.3±13.6 g and 13.9±2.3 cm) from the Bıçkı Stream in Kocaeli Province in the Marmara Region were kept in circular fiberglass outdoor flow-through tanks (1.5m ø) at the mean water temperature of 11.8±4.5 °C. In November 2016, when the water temperature was 8.4 °C, the first spawning of wild trout occurred. Sperm volume (ml), Motility (%) and VCL (μm/sec) values were determined to be 7.5±2.5, 70.42±0.83 and 70.35±3.98, respectively. The weight (g), total fecundity and egg diameter (mm) values of female fish were listed to be 513.75±78, 1.171±171, and 3.84±0.02, respectively. In the experiment, 5.859 wild Black sea trout eggs were fertilized. The eyed-egg stage occurred 24 days (288 day-degree) post fertilization and the survival rate from fertilization to the eyed-stage was 28%. Wild Black Sea trout larvae from P1 (Paternal Generation) hatched 48 days after fertilization with the hatching rate of 7%.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Wild trout, Sperm quality, Egg quality, Fertilization

Kaynakça

• Aksungur, M., Yılmaz, C., Tabak, İ., Aksungur, N., & Mısır, D.S. (2005). Adaptation of Black Sea Trout (Salmo trutta labrax, Pallas, 1811) to Culture Condition. Fırat University, Journal of Science and Engineering, 17(2): 349-359. https://doi.org/10.17693/yunusae.v2012i21909.235437.
• Aksungur, M., Zengin, M., Tabak, İ., Aksungur, N., & Alkan, A. (2011). Migration Characteristics of the Black Sea Trout (Salmo trutta labrax, Pallas, 1814) in the Eastern Black Sea Coasts and Streams. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 11, 643-650. https://doi.org/10.4194/1303-2712-v11_4_17.
• Alp, A., Erer, M., & Kamalak, A. (2010). Eggs Incubation, Early Development and growth in Frys of Brown Trout (Salmo trutta macrostigma) and Black Sea Trout (Salmo trutta labrax). Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 10: 387-394. https://doi.org/10.4194/trjfas.2010.0312.
• Arslan, M. & Aras, M. (2007). Structure and Reproductive Characteristics of Two Brown Trout (Salmo trutta) Populations in the Çoruh River Basin, North-eastern Anatolia, Turkey, Turk J Zool 31, 185-192.
• Başçınar, N., Kocabaş, M., Şahin, Ş. A., & Okumuş, İ. (2010a). Comparison of hatching performances and yolk sac absorptions of Black Sea trout (Salmo trutta labrax Pallas, 1811), brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis Mitchill, 1814) and their hybrid. Kafkas Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 16, 205-209. https://doi.org/10.9775/kvfd.2009.1226.
• Başçınar, N., Şahin, A. Ş., & Kocabaş, M. (2010b). Effect of duo-culture on growth performance of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis Mitchill, 1814) and black sea trout (Salmo trutta labrax Pallas, 1811) in tank reared condition. Kafkas Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 16 (3), 249-254. https://doi.org/10.9775/kvfd.2010.1711.
• Bobe, J., & Labbé, C. (2010) Egg and sperm quality in fish. General and Comparative Endocrinology 165: 535–548. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygcen.2009.02.011.
• Bromage, N.R. & Roberts, R.J. (1995). Broodstock Management and Egg and Larval Quality, Blackwell Science, Oxford.
• Bromage, N., Jones, J., Randall, C., Thrush, M., Davies, B., Springate, J., ... & Barker, G. (1992). Broodstock management, fecundity, egg quality and the timing of egg production in the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquaculture, 100 (1-3), 141-166.
• Büyükhatipoglu, S., & Holtz, W. (1984). Sperm output in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) Effect of age, timing and frequency of stripping and presence of females. Aquaculture, 37, 63-71. https://doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(84)90044-9.
• Cabrita E, Robles V. Herráez P (2009). Methods in reproductive aquaculture: marine and freshwater species, CRC Press. United States of America.
• Çakmak E, Kurtoğlu İZ, Çavdar Y, Firidin Ş, Aksungur N et al. (2004). Karadeniz alabalığı yetiştiriciliği ve Balıklandırma Amacı ile Kullanımı. Tarım ve Köyişleri Bakanlığı. Trabzon.
• Caldeira, C., Hernández-Ibáñez, S., Valverde, A., Martin, P., Herranz-Jusdado, J. G., Gallego, V., ... & Soler, C. (2019). Standardization of sperm motility analysis by using CASA-Mot for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), European eel (Anguilla anguilla) and Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii). Aquaculture, 502, 223-231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2018.12.001.
• Cook, C. J., Burness, G., & Wilson, C. C. (2018). Metabolic rates of embryos and alevin from a cold-adapted salmonid differ with temperature, population and family of origin: implications for coping with climate change. Conservation physiology, 6, 1, cox076. https://doi.org/10.1093/conphys/cox076.
• Demir, O., Gülle, İ., Gümüş, E., Küçük, F., Günlü, A., & Kepenek, K. (2010). Some reproductive features of brown trout (Salmo trutta macrostigma Dumeril, 1858) and its larval development under culture conditions. Pakistan Veterinary Journal. 30, 4, 223-226.
• Dziewulska, K., Rzemieniecki, A., & Domagała, J. (2008). Basic physico‐chemical parameters of milt from sea trout (Salmo trutta m. trutta), brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 24, 4, 497-502. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.2008.01133.x.
• Ekici, A., Baran, A., Yamaner, G., Özdaş, Ö. B., Sandal, A. İ., Güven, E., & Baltacı, M. A. (2012). Effects of different doses of taurine in the glucose-based extender during cryopreservation of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) semen. Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment, 26, 4, 3113-3115. https://doi.org/10.5504/BBEQ.2012.0041.
• Erbaş, H.İ. & Başçınar, N. (2013). Yemleme sıklığının Karadeniz Alabalığı (Salmo trutta labrax Pallas, 1811)’nın sperm ve yumurta kalitesine etkisinin belirlenmesi, Biyoloji Bilimleri Araştırma Dergisi, 6, 11-16.
• Firidin Ş, Çakmak E, Aksungur N (2012). The Black Sea Trout (Salmo trutta labrax Pallas, 1811)'s Embryonic Development Stages. Aquaculture Studies, 12, 2, 007-016. Geldiay R and Balık S (1996). Türkiye Tatlısu Balıkları, Ege Üniversitesi Su Ürünleri Fakültesi Yayınları. Bornova, İzmir.
• Gjedrem, T., & Gunnes, K. (1978). Comparison of Growth Rate in Atlantic Salmon, Pink Salmon, Arctic Char, Sea Trout and Rainbow Trout Under Norwegian Farming Conditions, Aquaculture, 13, 135-141.
• Hunter JR, Lo NC, Leong R J (1985). Batch fecundity in multiple spawning fishes. NOAA Technical Report, NMFS, 36, 67-77.
• IUCN (2020). Salmonidae family. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017: e.T10066A20191442 [online]. Website https://www.iucnredlist.org/search?taxonomies=101480&searchType=species [accessed 08 03 2020].
• J Johnson, G. D., Sendler, E., Lalancette, C., Hauser, R., Diamond, M. P., & Krawetz, S. A. (2011). Cleavage of rRNA ensures translational cessation in sperm at fertilization, Molecular Human Reproduction, 17, 12, 721–726, https://doi.org/10.1093/molehr/gar054.
• Kanyılmaz, M. (2016). Reproductive Performance of a Newly Described Salmonid Fish, Alakir Trout (Salmo kottelati), a Candidate Species for Aquaculture, Pakistan J. Zool. 48, 1, 83-89.
• Labbé, C., Robles, V., & Herraez, M. P. (2017). Epigenetics in fish gametes and early embryo. Aquaculture, 472, 93-106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2016.07.026.
• Lahnsteiner, F., Mansour, N., & Kunz, F. A. (2011). The effect of antioxidants on the quality of cryopreserved semen in two salmonid fish, the brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) and the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Theriogenology, 76, 5, 882-890. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2011.04.019.
• Marten, P. S. (1992). Effect of temperature variation on the incubation and development of brook trout eggs. The Progressive Fish‐Culturist, 54, 1, 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8640(1992)054<0001:EOTVOT>2.3.CO;2.
• Migaud, H., Bell, G., Cabrita, E., McAndrew, B., Davie, A., Bobe, J., ... & Carrillo, M. (2013). Gamete quality and broodstock management in temperate fish. Reviews in Aquaculture, 5, 194-223. https://doi.org/10.1111/raq.12025.
• Okumus, I., Kurtoglu, I. Z., & Atasaral, S. (2007). General Overview of Turkish Sea Trout 770 (Salmo trutta L.) Populations, In: Harris, G. and Milner, N. (Eds.), Sea Trout: Biology, Conservation and Management (pp:115-126). Blackwell Publishing.
• Pennell W and Barton BA (1996). Principles of Salmonid Culture. Developments in Aquaculture and Fisheries Science, Vol:26, The Netherlands. ISBN: 0-444-82152-X.
• Rainis, S., Gasco, L., & Ballestrazzi, R. (2005). Comparative study on milt quality features of different finfish species. Italian Journal of Animal Science, 4, 355-363. https://doi.org/10.4081/ijas.2005.355.
• Rosengrave, P., Taylor, H., Montgomerie, R., Metcalf, V., McBride, K., & Gemmell, N. J. (2009). Chemical composition of seminal and ovarian fluids of chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and their effects on sperm motility traits. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology, 152, 1, 123-129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpa.2008.09.009.
• Rurangwa, E., Kime, D. E., Ollevier, F., & Nash, J. P. (2004). The measurement of sperm motility and factors affecting sperm quality in cultured fish. Aquaculture, 234, 1, 4, 1-28.
• Şahin, T., Kurtoğlu, İ. Z., Delihasan Sonay, F., & Ak, K. (2013). Quantitative characteristics and short-term storage of Salmo coruhensis Sperm. The Israeli Journal of Aquaculture-Bamidgeh, IJA, 65, 828.
• Simčič, T., Jesenšek, D., & Brancelj, A. (2015). Effects of increased temperature on metabolic activity and oxidative stress in the first life stages of marble trout (Salmo marmoratus). Fish Physiology and Biochemistry 41, 1005–1014. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10695-015-0065-6.
• Sonay FD (2008). Parental effects on fertilization rate, incubation efficiency, larvae and fry development in Black Sea trout (Salmo trutta labrax), Master thesis, Rize University Institue of Applied Science (in Turkish).
• Tunçelli G. & Memiş D., (2020). Effects of constant and changing water temperature on sperm quality of the endangered Çoruh Trout, Salmo coruhensis, Journal of Applied Aquaculture. https://doi.org/10.1080/10454438.2020.1738303.
• Turan, D., Kottelat, M., & Engin, S. (2009). Two new species of trouts, resident and migratory, sympatric in streams of northern Anatolia (Salmoniformes: Salmonidae). Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 20(4), 333-364.
• Woynarovich, A., Hoitsy, G., & Moth-Poulsen, T. (2011). Small-scale rainbow trout farming. FAO fisheries and aquaculture technical paper, (561), I.
• Yavas, I., Bozkurt, Y., & Karaca, F. (2015). Short-term preservation of Brown Trout (Salmo trutta macrostigma) sperm: effect of extenders on motility, International Conference Aquaculture and Fishery, Belgrade (Serbia), 5.