Investigation of the Effects of Hook Size and Bait Type on the Catch of Whiting, Merlangius merlangus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Gadidae) in Bottom Longline Fisheries of the Black Sea

Abstract

This study was carried out along the Ünye coasts of the South-eastern Black Sea (Turkey), in order to investigate the effects of hook size and bait type on the catch of whiting, Merlangius merlangus(Linnaeus, 1758) (Gadidae) in the bottom longline fisheries. For this, a set of bottom longline with a total of a hundred hooks, including 20 from each hook number 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10, was tested in a total of 24 trials twice a month between March 2017 and February 2018. Each hook type was baited with squid, horse mackerel, chicken breast and whiting. During the study, a total of 373 whiting were caught. Most of the whiting catch was obtained with the hook no 2. With the reduction in hook size, both the amount of catch and the size of the fish caught decreased. Most whiting were-caught by the hooks baited with squid. This was followed by the hooks baited with horse mackerel, chicken breast and whiting, respectively. This result shows that hook size no 2 or larger should be used for catching whiting when using bottom longline in the Ünye coasts of the South-eastern Black Sea. Howev-er, considering the bait types used in this study, it is recommended to use squid as bait. If squid is thought to increase the cost of fishing, alternatively horse mackerel or chicken breast can also be used as bait.

Keywords

• Bait type
• catch
• hook size
• longline
• whiting

References

1. Alós, J., Cerdá, M., Deudero, S. & Grau, A.M. (2008). Influence of hook size and type on short-term mortality, hooking location and size selectivity in a Spanish recreational fishery. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 24, 658–663. [CrossRef] google scholar
2. Björdal, A. & Lokkebor, S. (1996). Longlining. Oxford: Fishing News Books, 56 p. google scholar
3. Björdal, A. (1981). Engineering and fish reaction aspects of longlining - a review. ICES CM.1981/B35, 22 p. google scholar
4. Björdal, A. (2009). Regulation of Fishing Gears and Methods. In K.L. Cochrane & S.M. Garcia (Eds.), A Fishery Manager’s Guidebook (pp. 167-195). Roma, Italy: Second Edition, Published by The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and Wiley-Blackwell. google scholar
5. Campbell, M.D., Pollack, A.G., Driggers, W.B. & Hoffmayer, E.R. (2014). Estimation of hook selectivity of Red Snapper and Vermilion Snapper from fishery-independent surveys of natural reefs in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Marine and Coastal Fisheries: Dynamics, Management, and Ecosystem Science [online serial] 6, 260-273. [CrossRef] google scholar
6. Çekiç, M. & Başusta, N. (2004). İskenderun Körfezi’nde Kullanılan Paraketa Takımlarında Yem Çeşidi ve İğne Büyüklüğünün Tür Seçimine Etkisi. Ege Üniversitesi Su Ürünleri Dergisi, 21(1-2), 73-77. google scholar
7. Ekanayake, E.M.A.B. (1999). The effect of hook size and bait type on the fishing selectivity of longline gear (Report No. UNU - Fisheries Training Programme, Final Projects). National Institute of Fisheries Training, Sri Lanka, 23 p. google scholar
8. Endal, A. (1980). Fuel saving potential in Norwegian Fisheries (C.M. 1980/B:14). Trondheim, Norway, 16 p. google scholar

9. Erzini, K., Gonçalves, J. M. S., Bentes, L. & Lino, P.S. (1995). Small Hook Longline Selectivity Study (Report No. BIOECO/93/04). Portugal, 3-17 p. google scholar
10. Godøy, H., Furevik, D. & Løkkeborg, S. (2003). Reduced by catch of red king crab (Paralithodes camtschaticus) in the gillnet fishery for cod (Gadus morhua) in northern Norway. Fisheries Research, 62, 337-384. [CrossRef] google scholar
11. He, P. (1996). Bait Loss Bottom-Set Longlines As Determined by Underwater Observations and Comparative Fishing Trials. Fisheries Research, 27 (1-3), 29-36. [CrossRef] google scholar
12. İlkyaz, A., Aydın, C., Soykan, O. & Kınacıgil, T. (2012). Dip Paragatında Yem Etkinliği ve İğne Seçiciliği. Ege Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Proje Kesin Raporu, PROJE NO. 2007/SÜF/012, İzmir, 46 p. google scholar
13. Knudsen, S., Zengin, M. & Koçak, M.H. (2010). Identifying drivers for fishing pressure. A multidisciplinary study of trawl and sea snail fisheries in Samsun, Black Sea coast of Turkey. Ocean and Coastal Management, 53, 252-269. [CrossRef] google scholar
14. Løkkeborg, S. & Björdal, A. (1992). Species and Size Selectivity in Longline Fishing. Fisheries Research, 13, 311-322. [CrossRef] google scholar
15. Løkkeborg, S. & Johannessen, T. (1992). The Importance of Chemical Stimuli in Bait Fishing-Fishing Trials with Pre-soaked Bait. Fisheries Research, 14, 21-29. [CrossRef] google scholar
16. Løkkeborg, S. (1989). Longline bait: Fish behaviour and the influence of attractant release rate and bait appearance (PhD Thesis). Department of Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway google scholar
17. McCracken, F. D. (1963). Selection by codend meshes and hooks on cod, haddock, flatfish and redfish. In N. S. Dartmouth (Ed.), The selectivity of fishing gear (647-665). Canada: International Commission for the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries (ICNAF) Special Publication 5. google scholar
18. Özdemir, S., Ayaz, A., Gurbet, R. & Erdem, Y. (2006). Farklı büyüklükte kanca ve farklı tipteki yem ile sabah tanı ve Gündüz zamanlarında kullanılan dip paraketasının av verimi. Anadolu Üniversitesi Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, 7(2), 405-411. google scholar
19. Özdemir, S., Erdem, Y. & Çetin, S. (2007). Dip paraketasında kullanılan iki farklı yemin balık davranışları ve av verimi yönünden karşılaştırılması. Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, 3, 177-187. google scholar
20. Patterson, W.F., Porch, C.E., Tarnecki, J.H. & Strelcheck, A.J. (2012). Effect of circle hook size on reef fish catch rates, species composition, and selectivity in the northern Gulf of Mexico recreational fishery. Bulletin of Marine Science, 88, 647-665. [CrossRef] google scholar
21. Saetersdal, G. (1963). Selectivity of longlines. ICNAF Spec. Publ. 5, 189- 192. [CrossRef] google scholar
22. Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı (2006). Denizlerde ve İçsularda Ticari Amaçlı Su Ürünleri Avcılığını Düzenleyen 2006-2008 Av Dönemine Ait 37/1 Numaralı Sirküler. 24.08.2006 Tarih ve 26269 Sayılı Resmi Gazete. google scholar