Short Communication
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Year 2022, Volume: 37 Issue: 1, 53 - 57, 01.01.2022
https://doi.org/10.26650/ASE2021981468

Abstract

References

  • Altschul, S. F., Gish, W., Miller, W., Myers, E. W. & Lipman, D. J. (1990). Basic local alignment search tool. J mol biol 215: 403-410. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • Antipa, G. (1892). Eine neue Art von Drymonema. Jen. Z. Naturwissenschaften 27: 337-345 (in German). google scholar
  • Avian, M., Ramsak, A., Tirelli, V., D’ambra, I. & Malej, A. (2016). Redescription of Pelagia benovici into a new jellyfish genus, Mawia, gen. nov., and its phylogenetic position within Pelagiidae (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa: Semaeostomeae). Invertebrate Systematics, 30(6), 523546. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • Bayha, K. M., Collins, A. G. & Gaffney, P. M. (2017). Multigene phylogeny of the scyphozoan jellyfish family Pelagiidae reveals that the common US Atlantic sea nettle comprises two distinct species (Chrysaora quinquecirrha and C. chesapeakei). PeerJ, 5, e3863. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • Beşiktepe, Ş. T., Sur, H. İ., Özsoy, E., Latif, M.A. & Oğuz, T. et al. (1994). The circulation and hydrography of the Marmara Sea. Progress in Oceanography, 34(4), 285-334. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • Boero, F. (2013). Review of jellyfish blooms in the Mediterranean and Black Sea. General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean. Studies and Reviews, (92), I. google scholar
  • Bone, Q. (1998). The biology of pelagic tunicates. Oxford: Oxford University Press. google scholar
  • Bouillon, J., Medel, M. D., Pages, F., Gili, J. M. & Boero, F. et al. (2004). Fauna of the Mediterranean hydrozoa. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • Brotz, L., & Pauly, D. (2012). Jellyfish populations in the Mediterranean Sea. Acta Adriat, 53(2), 213-232. google scholar
  • Chartosia, N., Anastasiadis, D., Bazairi, H., Crocetta, F. & Deidun, A. et al. (2018). New Mediterranean Biodiversity Records (July 2018). [CrossRef] google scholar
  • Dong, Z., Liu, D. & Keesing, J. K. (2010). Jellyfish blooms in China: dominant species, causes and consequences. Marine pollution bulletin, 60(7), 954-963. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • Durgham, H. & Ikhtiyar, S. (2013). First record of Salpa maxima Forskâl, 1775 (Thaliacea: Salpidae) from the Mediterranean Coast of Lattakia (Syria). Mediterranean Marine Science, 14(2). google scholar
  • Folmer, O., Black, M., Hoeh, W., Lutz, R. & Vrijenhoek, R. (1994). DNA primers for amplification of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I from diverse metazoan invertebrates. Mol Mar Biol Biotechnol. 3: 294-299. google scholar
  • Furfaro, G., Oliverio, M. & Mariottini, P. (2017). The southernmost record of Felimida elegantula (Philippi, 1844) (Gastropoda: Nudibranchia). Marine Biodiversity, 47(2), 579-584. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • Gürlek, M., Yağlıoğlu, D., Ergüden, D. & Turan, C. (2013). A new jellyfish species in the Turkish coastal waters-Aequorea forskalea Peron & Lesueur, 1810 (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa). J Black Sea/Medit Environ, 19(3), 380-384. google scholar
  • İnanmaz, Ö. E., Bekbolet, M. & Kıdeyş, A. E. (2002). A new scyphozoan species in the Sea ofMarmara: Chrysaora hysoscella (Linne, 1766). Oceanography of the Eastern Mediterranean and Black Sea. Ankara, Turkey: TÜBİTAK, 857-859. google scholar
  • Isinbilir, M. & Yılmaz, İ. N. (2016). Jellyfish species of the Sea of Marmara. The Sea of, 390. google scholar
  • Isinibilir, M. (2012). The seasonal occurrence and abundance of gelatinous macrozooplankton in Izmit Bay (the northeastern Marmara Sea). Journal of Black Sea/Mediterranean Environment, 18(2), 155-176. google scholar
  • Isinibilir, M., Tarkan, A.N. & Kideys, A. E. (2004). Decreased levels of the invasive ctenophore Mnemiopsis in the Marmara Sea in 2001. In Aquatic Invasions in the Black, Caspian, and Mediterranean Seas (pp. 155-165). Springer, Dordrecht. google scholar
  • Isinibilir, M., Yilmaz I. N. & Demirel, N. (2015). New records of jellyfish species in the Marmara Sea. Italian Journal of Zoology, 82(3), 425429. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • Isinibilir, M., Yilmaz, I. N. & Piraino, S. (2010). New contributions to the jellyfish fauna of the Marmara Sea. Italian Journal of zoology, 77(2), 179-185. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • İşinibilir-Okyar, M., Üstün, F. & Orun, D. A. (2015). Changes in abundance and community structure of the zooplankton population during the 2008 mucilage event in the northeastern Marmara Sea. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 39(1), 28-38. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • Isinibilir, M., Yüksel, E. & Dalyan, C. (2020). First record of Cotylorhiza tuberculata (Macri, 1778) from the Sea of Marmara. Aquatic Sciences and Engineering, 36(1), 38-41. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • Lucas, C. H., Gelcich, S., & Uye, S. I. (2014). Living with jellyfish: management and adaptation strategies. Jellyfish blooms, 129-150. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • Mutlu, E. (2005). A comparison of the contribution of zooplankton and nekton taxa to the near surface acoustic structure of three Turkish seas. Marine Ecology, 26(1), 17-32. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • Onmuş, O., Bakir, K. & Katağan, T. (2016). On the occurrence of a new Aequorea species on the Turkish Aegean coast. J. Black Sea/ Mediterranean Environment, 22(3), 295-299. google scholar
  • Ozturk, B. & Ozturk, A. A. (1996). On the biology of the Turkish straits system. Bull Inst Oceanogr, 17, 205-21. google scholar
  • Öztürk, İ. D. (2020). The first record of Drymonema sp. from the Sea of Marmara, Turkey. Journal of the Black Sea/Medit Environ, 26(2), 231-237. google scholar
  • Peinert, R. & Miquel, J. C. (1994). The significance of frontal processes for vertical particle fluxes: A case study in the Alboran Sea (SW Mediterranean Sea). Journal of Marine Systems, 5(3-5), 377-389. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • Piraino, S., Aglieri, G., Martell, L., Mazzoldi, C. & Melli, V. et al. (2014). Pelagia benovici sp. nov.(Cnidaria, Scyphozoa): a new jellyfish in the Mediterranean Sea. Zootaxa, 3794(3), 455-468. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • Purcell, J. E., Uye, S. I. & Lo, W. T. (2007). Anthropogenic causes of jellyfish blooms and their direct consequences for humans: a review. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 350, 153-174. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • Richardson, A. J., Bakun, A., Hays, G. C. & Gibbons, M. J. (2009). The jellyfish joyride: causes, consequences and management responses to a more gelatinous future. Trends in ecology & evolution, 24(6), 312-322. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • Shiganova, T. A. (1998). Invasion of the Black Sea by the ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi and recent changes in pelagic community structure. Fisheries Oceanography, 7(3-4), 305-310. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • Topcu, N., Martell, L. & Isinibilir, M. (2017). A multispecific accumulation of gelatinous organisms in the central Aegean Sea as a case of biological evidence for unnoticed offshore events. google scholar
  • Turan, C., Gürlek, M., Yağlıoğlu, D. & Seyhan, D. (2011). A new alien jellyfish species in the Mediterranean Sea-Aequorea globosa Eschscholtz, 1829 (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa). Journal of the Black Sea/ Mediterranean Environment, 17(3), 282-286. google scholar
  • Turkoglu, M. (2013). Red tides of the dinoflagellate Noctiluca scintillans associated with eutrophication in the Sea of Marmara (the Dardanelles, Turkey). Oceanologia, 55(3), 709-732. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • Van Soest, R. W. M. (1974). A revision of the genera Salpa Forskâl, 1775, Pegea Savigny, 1816, and Ritteriella Metcalf, 1919 (Tunicata, Thaliacea). Beaufortia, 22(293), 153-191. google scholar
  • Yilmaz, I. N. (2014). Collapse of zooplankton stocks during Liriope tetraphylla (Hydromedusa) blooms and dense mucilaginous aggregations in a thermohaline stratified basin. Mar Ecol (in press). [CrossRef] google scholar
  • Yilmaz, I. N. & Isinibilir, M. (2016). Zooplankton of the Sea of Marmara. In: Özsoy E, Çağatay MN, Balkıs N, Balkıs N, Öztürk B (eds) The sea of Marmara marine biodiversity, fisheries, conservation and governance. Turkish Marine Research Foundation (TUDAV), İstanbul, pp 376-389 google scholar
  • Yilmaz, I. N., Isinibilir, M., Vardar, D. & Dursun, F. (2017). First record of Aequorea vitrina Gosse, 1853 (Hydrozoa) from the Sea of Marmara: a potential invader for the Mediterranean Sea. Zoology in the Middle East, 63(2), 178-180. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • Yılmaz, S., Akay, Ş.A. & Gümüş, E. (2008). Fisheries sector in Turkish economy and marketing of fishery products. google scholar
  • Zavolokin, A. V., Glebov, I. I. & Kosenok, N. S. (2008). Distribution, quantitative composition, and feeding of jellyfish in the Western Bering Sea in summer and fall. Russian Journal of Marine Biology, 34(7), 461-467. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • Zengin, M. & Mutlu, C. (2000). The recent state of the fisheries and suggestions related to the future of the stocks at the Marmara Sea. Marmara Denizi, 12-12. google scholar

New Additions to the Jellyfish Fauna of the Sea of Marmara

Year 2022, Volume: 37 Issue: 1, 53 - 57, 01.01.2022
https://doi.org/10.26650/ASE2021981468

Abstract

This manuscript reports on four new jellyfish species in the Sea of Marmara (Turkey) (the scyphozoans Mawia benovici and Drymonema dalmatinum, hydrozoan Aequorea forskalea, and thaliacean Salpa maxima) based on plankton collections made in the years 2019–2021. This is the first record of Mawia benovici in both Turkish coastal areas and the Sea of Marmara. The jellyfish that was previously re-corded as Drymonema sp. in the repetition Sea of Marmara was identified at the species level as D. dalmatinum. Furthermore, their possible introduction pathways are briefly discussed here

References

  • Altschul, S. F., Gish, W., Miller, W., Myers, E. W. & Lipman, D. J. (1990). Basic local alignment search tool. J mol biol 215: 403-410. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • Antipa, G. (1892). Eine neue Art von Drymonema. Jen. Z. Naturwissenschaften 27: 337-345 (in German). google scholar
  • Avian, M., Ramsak, A., Tirelli, V., D’ambra, I. & Malej, A. (2016). Redescription of Pelagia benovici into a new jellyfish genus, Mawia, gen. nov., and its phylogenetic position within Pelagiidae (Cnidaria: Scyphozoa: Semaeostomeae). Invertebrate Systematics, 30(6), 523546. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • Bayha, K. M., Collins, A. G. & Gaffney, P. M. (2017). Multigene phylogeny of the scyphozoan jellyfish family Pelagiidae reveals that the common US Atlantic sea nettle comprises two distinct species (Chrysaora quinquecirrha and C. chesapeakei). PeerJ, 5, e3863. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • Beşiktepe, Ş. T., Sur, H. İ., Özsoy, E., Latif, M.A. & Oğuz, T. et al. (1994). The circulation and hydrography of the Marmara Sea. Progress in Oceanography, 34(4), 285-334. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • Boero, F. (2013). Review of jellyfish blooms in the Mediterranean and Black Sea. General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean. Studies and Reviews, (92), I. google scholar
  • Bone, Q. (1998). The biology of pelagic tunicates. Oxford: Oxford University Press. google scholar
  • Bouillon, J., Medel, M. D., Pages, F., Gili, J. M. & Boero, F. et al. (2004). Fauna of the Mediterranean hydrozoa. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • Brotz, L., & Pauly, D. (2012). Jellyfish populations in the Mediterranean Sea. Acta Adriat, 53(2), 213-232. google scholar
  • Chartosia, N., Anastasiadis, D., Bazairi, H., Crocetta, F. & Deidun, A. et al. (2018). New Mediterranean Biodiversity Records (July 2018). [CrossRef] google scholar
  • Dong, Z., Liu, D. & Keesing, J. K. (2010). Jellyfish blooms in China: dominant species, causes and consequences. Marine pollution bulletin, 60(7), 954-963. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • Durgham, H. & Ikhtiyar, S. (2013). First record of Salpa maxima Forskâl, 1775 (Thaliacea: Salpidae) from the Mediterranean Coast of Lattakia (Syria). Mediterranean Marine Science, 14(2). google scholar
  • Folmer, O., Black, M., Hoeh, W., Lutz, R. & Vrijenhoek, R. (1994). DNA primers for amplification of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I from diverse metazoan invertebrates. Mol Mar Biol Biotechnol. 3: 294-299. google scholar
  • Furfaro, G., Oliverio, M. & Mariottini, P. (2017). The southernmost record of Felimida elegantula (Philippi, 1844) (Gastropoda: Nudibranchia). Marine Biodiversity, 47(2), 579-584. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • Gürlek, M., Yağlıoğlu, D., Ergüden, D. & Turan, C. (2013). A new jellyfish species in the Turkish coastal waters-Aequorea forskalea Peron & Lesueur, 1810 (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa). J Black Sea/Medit Environ, 19(3), 380-384. google scholar
  • İnanmaz, Ö. E., Bekbolet, M. & Kıdeyş, A. E. (2002). A new scyphozoan species in the Sea ofMarmara: Chrysaora hysoscella (Linne, 1766). Oceanography of the Eastern Mediterranean and Black Sea. Ankara, Turkey: TÜBİTAK, 857-859. google scholar
  • Isinbilir, M. & Yılmaz, İ. N. (2016). Jellyfish species of the Sea of Marmara. The Sea of, 390. google scholar
  • Isinibilir, M. (2012). The seasonal occurrence and abundance of gelatinous macrozooplankton in Izmit Bay (the northeastern Marmara Sea). Journal of Black Sea/Mediterranean Environment, 18(2), 155-176. google scholar
  • Isinibilir, M., Tarkan, A.N. & Kideys, A. E. (2004). Decreased levels of the invasive ctenophore Mnemiopsis in the Marmara Sea in 2001. In Aquatic Invasions in the Black, Caspian, and Mediterranean Seas (pp. 155-165). Springer, Dordrecht. google scholar
  • Isinibilir, M., Yilmaz I. N. & Demirel, N. (2015). New records of jellyfish species in the Marmara Sea. Italian Journal of Zoology, 82(3), 425429. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • Isinibilir, M., Yilmaz, I. N. & Piraino, S. (2010). New contributions to the jellyfish fauna of the Marmara Sea. Italian Journal of zoology, 77(2), 179-185. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • İşinibilir-Okyar, M., Üstün, F. & Orun, D. A. (2015). Changes in abundance and community structure of the zooplankton population during the 2008 mucilage event in the northeastern Marmara Sea. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 39(1), 28-38. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • Isinibilir, M., Yüksel, E. & Dalyan, C. (2020). First record of Cotylorhiza tuberculata (Macri, 1778) from the Sea of Marmara. Aquatic Sciences and Engineering, 36(1), 38-41. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • Lucas, C. H., Gelcich, S., & Uye, S. I. (2014). Living with jellyfish: management and adaptation strategies. Jellyfish blooms, 129-150. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • Mutlu, E. (2005). A comparison of the contribution of zooplankton and nekton taxa to the near surface acoustic structure of three Turkish seas. Marine Ecology, 26(1), 17-32. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • Onmuş, O., Bakir, K. & Katağan, T. (2016). On the occurrence of a new Aequorea species on the Turkish Aegean coast. J. Black Sea/ Mediterranean Environment, 22(3), 295-299. google scholar
  • Ozturk, B. & Ozturk, A. A. (1996). On the biology of the Turkish straits system. Bull Inst Oceanogr, 17, 205-21. google scholar
  • Öztürk, İ. D. (2020). The first record of Drymonema sp. from the Sea of Marmara, Turkey. Journal of the Black Sea/Medit Environ, 26(2), 231-237. google scholar
  • Peinert, R. & Miquel, J. C. (1994). The significance of frontal processes for vertical particle fluxes: A case study in the Alboran Sea (SW Mediterranean Sea). Journal of Marine Systems, 5(3-5), 377-389. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • Piraino, S., Aglieri, G., Martell, L., Mazzoldi, C. & Melli, V. et al. (2014). Pelagia benovici sp. nov.(Cnidaria, Scyphozoa): a new jellyfish in the Mediterranean Sea. Zootaxa, 3794(3), 455-468. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • Purcell, J. E., Uye, S. I. & Lo, W. T. (2007). Anthropogenic causes of jellyfish blooms and their direct consequences for humans: a review. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 350, 153-174. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • Richardson, A. J., Bakun, A., Hays, G. C. & Gibbons, M. J. (2009). The jellyfish joyride: causes, consequences and management responses to a more gelatinous future. Trends in ecology & evolution, 24(6), 312-322. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • Shiganova, T. A. (1998). Invasion of the Black Sea by the ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi and recent changes in pelagic community structure. Fisheries Oceanography, 7(3-4), 305-310. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • Topcu, N., Martell, L. & Isinibilir, M. (2017). A multispecific accumulation of gelatinous organisms in the central Aegean Sea as a case of biological evidence for unnoticed offshore events. google scholar
  • Turan, C., Gürlek, M., Yağlıoğlu, D. & Seyhan, D. (2011). A new alien jellyfish species in the Mediterranean Sea-Aequorea globosa Eschscholtz, 1829 (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa). Journal of the Black Sea/ Mediterranean Environment, 17(3), 282-286. google scholar
  • Turkoglu, M. (2013). Red tides of the dinoflagellate Noctiluca scintillans associated with eutrophication in the Sea of Marmara (the Dardanelles, Turkey). Oceanologia, 55(3), 709-732. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • Van Soest, R. W. M. (1974). A revision of the genera Salpa Forskâl, 1775, Pegea Savigny, 1816, and Ritteriella Metcalf, 1919 (Tunicata, Thaliacea). Beaufortia, 22(293), 153-191. google scholar
  • Yilmaz, I. N. (2014). Collapse of zooplankton stocks during Liriope tetraphylla (Hydromedusa) blooms and dense mucilaginous aggregations in a thermohaline stratified basin. Mar Ecol (in press). [CrossRef] google scholar
  • Yilmaz, I. N. & Isinibilir, M. (2016). Zooplankton of the Sea of Marmara. In: Özsoy E, Çağatay MN, Balkıs N, Balkıs N, Öztürk B (eds) The sea of Marmara marine biodiversity, fisheries, conservation and governance. Turkish Marine Research Foundation (TUDAV), İstanbul, pp 376-389 google scholar
  • Yilmaz, I. N., Isinibilir, M., Vardar, D. & Dursun, F. (2017). First record of Aequorea vitrina Gosse, 1853 (Hydrozoa) from the Sea of Marmara: a potential invader for the Mediterranean Sea. Zoology in the Middle East, 63(2), 178-180. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • Yılmaz, S., Akay, Ş.A. & Gümüş, E. (2008). Fisheries sector in Turkish economy and marketing of fishery products. google scholar
  • Zavolokin, A. V., Glebov, I. I. & Kosenok, N. S. (2008). Distribution, quantitative composition, and feeding of jellyfish in the Western Bering Sea in summer and fall. Russian Journal of Marine Biology, 34(7), 461-467. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • Zengin, M. & Mutlu, C. (2000). The recent state of the fisheries and suggestions related to the future of the stocks at the Marmara Sea. Marmara Denizi, 12-12. google scholar
There are 43 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Hydrobiology
Journal Section Short Communication
Authors

Melek İşinibilir 0000-0002-1200-6878

Esin Yüksel 0000-0002-1651-7229

Ezgi Türkeri This is me 0000-0003-2017-6137

Onur Doğan This is me 0000-0002-5576-2331

Firdes Saadet Karakulak 0000-0002-6053-5256

Uğur Uzer 0000-0002-7038-6469

Cem Dalyan 0000-0002-7386-5641

Giulia Furfaro This is me 0000-0001-8184-2266

Stefano Piraino 0000-0002-8752-9390

Publication Date January 1, 2022
Submission Date August 11, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 37 Issue: 1

Cite

APA İşinibilir, M., Yüksel, E., Türkeri, E., Doğan, O., et al. (2022). New Additions to the Jellyfish Fauna of the Sea of Marmara. Aquatic Sciences and Engineering, 37(1), 53-57. https://doi.org/10.26650/ASE2021981468
AMA İşinibilir M, Yüksel E, Türkeri E, Doğan O, Karakulak FS, Uzer U, Dalyan C, Furfaro G, Piraino S. New Additions to the Jellyfish Fauna of the Sea of Marmara. Aqua Sci Eng. January 2022;37(1):53-57. doi:10.26650/ASE2021981468
Chicago İşinibilir, Melek, Esin Yüksel, Ezgi Türkeri, Onur Doğan, Firdes Saadet Karakulak, Uğur Uzer, Cem Dalyan, Giulia Furfaro, and Stefano Piraino. “New Additions to the Jellyfish Fauna of the Sea of Marmara”. Aquatic Sciences and Engineering 37, no. 1 (January 2022): 53-57. https://doi.org/10.26650/ASE2021981468.
EndNote İşinibilir M, Yüksel E, Türkeri E, Doğan O, Karakulak FS, Uzer U, Dalyan C, Furfaro G, Piraino S (January 1, 2022) New Additions to the Jellyfish Fauna of the Sea of Marmara. Aquatic Sciences and Engineering 37 1 53–57.
IEEE M. İşinibilir, E. Yüksel, E. Türkeri, O. Doğan, F. S. Karakulak, U. Uzer, C. Dalyan, G. Furfaro, and S. Piraino, “New Additions to the Jellyfish Fauna of the Sea of Marmara”, Aqua Sci Eng, vol. 37, no. 1, pp. 53–57, 2022, doi: 10.26650/ASE2021981468.
ISNAD İşinibilir, Melek et al. “New Additions to the Jellyfish Fauna of the Sea of Marmara”. Aquatic Sciences and Engineering 37/1 (January 2022), 53-57. https://doi.org/10.26650/ASE2021981468.
JAMA İşinibilir M, Yüksel E, Türkeri E, Doğan O, Karakulak FS, Uzer U, Dalyan C, Furfaro G, Piraino S. New Additions to the Jellyfish Fauna of the Sea of Marmara. Aqua Sci Eng. 2022;37:53–57.
MLA İşinibilir, Melek et al. “New Additions to the Jellyfish Fauna of the Sea of Marmara”. Aquatic Sciences and Engineering, vol. 37, no. 1, 2022, pp. 53-57, doi:10.26650/ASE2021981468.
Vancouver İşinibilir M, Yüksel E, Türkeri E, Doğan O, Karakulak FS, Uzer U, Dalyan C, Furfaro G, Piraino S. New Additions to the Jellyfish Fauna of the Sea of Marmara. Aqua Sci Eng. 2022;37(1):53-7.

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