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A Record of Fish Anomaly from the Sea of Marmara, Turkey: European Hake (Merluccius merluccius Linnaeus, 1758) Missing the Right Eye

Year 2022, Volume: 37 Issue: 2, 64 - 68, 25.01.2022

Uğur Uzer , Firdes Saadet Karakulak

https://doi.org/10.26650/ASE20211005479

Abstract

Abnormalities of shape, color or body deformities such as lack of swim bladders or any parts of the body are an unexplained issue for many fish species. There is a gap of knowledge regarding their causes. Generally, it is an important problem in the rearing technique in aquaculture management due to the high economic consequences. The morphological abnormalities occur in marine fishes as well. Missing dorsal spines or rays, scale disorientation, jaw deformities, eye deformations and the lack of some parts of the body are within the context of abnormality. In the present study, the body abnormality observed in a specimen of European hake (Merluccius merluccius Linnaeus, 1758) missing its right eye which was caught by a fisherman in the Marmara Sea on 13 October 2020, and its causes are reported and discussed. Further studies are needed to correlate the wild fish anomalies caused by pollution.

Keywords

Anomaly European hake Abnormality Izmit bay Sea of Marmara

Thanks

The authors would like to thank Enis ISLAMOGLU and Ali SARI, the fisherman for fishing and supplying the sample.

References

  • Aktan, Y., Dede A., Çiftçi P.S. 2008. Mucilage event associated with diatoms and dinoflagellates in Sea of Marmara, Turkey. An IOC Newsletter on toxic algae and algal blooms, The Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO, 36, 1-3. google scholar
  • Aritaki, M. and Seikai, T., 2004. Temperature effects on early development and occurrence of metamorphosis-related morphological abnormalities in hatchery-reared brown sole Pseudopleuronectes herzensteini. Aquaculture 240:517-530. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • Arme, C. 1965. A hermaphrodite specimen of roach, Rutilus rutilus (L.). Proc. Leeds phil. lit. SOC. 9(11):277-281. google scholar
  • Atz, J. W., Kallman, K. D., and Nigrelli, R. F. 1963. Position effect as a factor in the production of melanosis and melanoma in the fish Xiphophorus. Proc. int. Congr. Zool. 16(2) :206. google scholar
  • Balkis-Ozdelice, N., Durmuş, T., Balci, M. 2021. A Preliminary Study on the Intense Pelagic and Benthic Mucilage Phenomenon Observed in the Sea of Marmara. International Journal of Environment and Geoinformatics (IJEGEO), 8(4): 414-422. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • Baruah, M. C. 1968. A case of albinism in Heteroplzeustes fossilis (Bloch). J. Bombay nat. Hist. SOC. 65 :495-496. google scholar
  • Bengtsson, B.E., 1979. Biological variables, especially skeletal deformities in fish, for monitoring marine pollution. Philos.Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B 286, 457-464. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • Bengtsson, B.E., Bengtsson, A., Himberg, M., 1985. Fish deformities and pollution in some Swedish waters. Ambio 14, 32-35. google scholar
  • Bennet, P. S. 1964. On an abnormal ray from Vizhingam (Rhynchobatus djiddensis). J. Mar. biol. Ass. India 6(2):316-317. google scholar
  • Berland, B. 1967. A melanistic herring. Fauna, Oslo 20(4):273-274. google scholar
  • Beşiktepe, Ş., Sur, H.İ., Özsoy, E., Latif, M.A., Oğuz, T. and Ünlüata, Ü., 1994, The circulation and hydrography of the Marmara Sea, Prog. Oceanogr, 34:285-334 pp. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • Boglione, C., Marino, G., Bertolini, B., Rossi, A., Ferreri, F., Cataudella, S., 1993. Larval and postlarval monitoring in sea bass: morphological approach to evaluate finfish seed quality. In: Barnabe ,' G., Kestemont, P (Eds.), Production, Environment and Quality. Bordeaux Aquaculture 1992. Eur. Aquacult. Soc., Ghent, Belgium, Spec. Pub. no. 18, pp. 189-204. google scholar
  • Boglione, C., Gavalia, P., Koumoundouros, G., Gisbert, E., Moren, M., Fontagenn, S., Witten, P.E. 2013. Skeletal anomalies in reared European fish larvae and juveniles. Part 1: normal and anomalous skeletogenic processes. Rev. Aqua 5:9-S120. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • Boglione, C., Costa, C., Giganti, M., Cecchetti, M., Di Dato, P., Scardi, M., Cataudella, S. 2006. Biological monitoring of wild thicklip grey mullet (Chelon labrosus), golden grey mullet (Liza aurata), thinlip mullet (Liza ramada) and flathead mullet (Mugil cephalus) (Pisces: Mugilidae) from different Adriatic sites: meristic counts and skeletal anomalies. Ecological Indicators 6: 712-732. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • Brian, A. 1952. Caso mostruoso di un pesce privo di un occhio (Merluccius esculentus Risso). Natura, Milano 43:17-23. google scholar
  • Bruno, D.W., Poppe, T.T., 1996. A Colour Atlas of Salmonid Diseases. Accademic Press, London, 194 pp. google scholar
  • Bullough, W. S. 1940. A case of hermaphroditism in the herring (Clupea harengus, Linn.). Proc. Leeds Phil. lit. SOC. 3:638-641. google scholar
  • Carls, M.G., Rice, S.D., 1990. Abnormal development and growth reductions of pollock, Theragra chalcogramma, embryos exposed to water-soluble fractions of oil. Fish. Bull. 88:29-37. google scholar
  • Carpentieri, P., Colloca, F., Cardinale, M., Belluscio, A., Ardizzone, G.D. 2005. Feeding habits of European hake (Merluccius merluccius) in the central Mediterranean Sea. Fish. Bull. 103:411-416. google scholar
  • Cavaliere, A. 1965. Anomalie della colonna vertebrale in Boops salpa L. Boll. Pesca Pisci. Idrobiol., n. s., 20 (1) :52-59. google scholar
  • Cerim, H., Çelik, M., Yapıcı, S. 2016. Occurrence of colour abnormalities and morphological aberration in common sole Solea solea (L., 1758) captured from the Aegean Sea. Cahiers de Biologie Marine 57(1):85-87. google scholar
  • Ciechomski, J. D. de and Christiansen, H. E. 1968. Un caso de hermafroditismo en la merluza Merluccius merluccius hubbsi (Pisces, Merlucciidae). Physis, B. Aires 27(75) :423-428. google scholar
  • Da Cunha, P.L., Antunes, M.M., 1999. Occurrence of vertebral deformities in Gobiidae (Pisces) from the Tagus estuary. Aquat. Ecol. 33, 281-285. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • Daoulas, Ch., Economou, A.N., Bantavas, I., 1991. Osteological abnormalities in laboratory reared sea-bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) fingerlings. Aquaculture 97, 169-180. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • Divanach, P., Boglione, C., Menu, B., Koumoundouros, G., Kentouri, M. and Cataudella, S. 1996. Abnormalities in finfish mariculture: an overview of the problem, causes and solutions. In: Chatain, B., Saroglia, M., Sweetman, J., Lavens, P. (Eds.), Seabass and Seabream Culture: Problems and Prospects. European Aquaculture Society, Oostende, Belgium, pp. 45-66. google scholar
  • Easwaran, C. R. 1968. On an abnormal ray from the Gulf of Kutch. J. Mar. biol. Ass. India, 1967, 9(1):198-200. google scholar
  • Fisher, W., Bauchot, W.M., Schneider, M. 1987. Fiches FAO d’identification pour les besoins de la peche revision 1. Mediterranee et mer Noire. Zone de peche 37, vol. 2: Vertebres, p. 761-1530. FAO, Rome. google scholar
  • Froese, R. and D. Pauly, Editors. 2020. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication. www.fishbase.org, (12/2020). google scholar
  • Galeotti, M., Beraldo, P., de Dominis, S., D’Angelo, L., Ballestrazzi, R., Musetti, R., Pizzolito, S., Pinosa, M., 2000. A preliminary histological and ultrastructural study of opercular anomalies in gilthead sea bream larvae (Sparus aurata). Fish Physiology and Biochemistry 22, 151-157. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • Haaparanta, A., Valtonen, E.T., Hoofmann, R.W. 1997. Gill anomalies of perch and roach from four lakes differing in water quality. Journal of Fish Biology 50:575-591. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • Hase, A. 1935. Über ein hypertrophisches Flossenregenerat beim Goldfisch Carassius auratus L. S.B. Ges. naturf. Fr. Berl. 1935:283-289. google scholar
  • Hilomen-Garcia, G.V., 1997. Morphological abnormalities in hatchery-bred milkfish (Chanos canoa, Forsskal) fry and juveniles. Aquaculture 152, 155-166. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • Hoff, J. G. 1970. Vertebral anomalies in a humpbacked specimen of Atlantic silverside, Menidia menidia. Chesapeake Sei. 11(1):54-65. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • Jawad L.A., and Ibrahim M., 2017, On some cases of fish anomalies in fishes from the port of Jubail, Saudi Arabia, Arabian Gulf, International Journal of Marine Science, 7(20): 188-199. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • Jawad L.A., and Akyol O. 2018, Vertebral anomalies in Mullus barbatus (Actinopterygiidae: Osteichthyes: Mullidae), collected from Izmir Bay, North-eastern Aegean Sea, Turkey, International Journal of Marine Science, 8(7): 59-65. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • Jawad, L.A, Ibrahim, M. and Waryani, B., 2018, Incidences of caudal fin malformation in fishes from Jubail City, Saudi Arabia, Arabian Gulf. Fisheries & Aquatic Life, Vol.26 (Issue 1), pp. 65-71. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • Jawad L.A., and Ibrahim M., 2021, Characterization and possible cause of the fish anomalies so far reported in the vicinity of Jubail city, Saudi Arabia, Arabian gulf, L. A. Jawad (ed.), The Arabian Seas: Biodiversity, Environmental changes and conservation measures, [CrossRef] google scholar
  • Jonsson, B. and Jonsson, N., 2006. Cultured Atlantic salmon in nature: a re- view of their ecology and interaction with wild fish. ICES J Mar Sci 63:1162-1181. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • Kingsford, M.J., Gray, C.A., 1996. Influence of pollutants and oceanography on abundance and deformities of wild fish larvae. In: Schmitt, R.J., Osenberg, C.W. (Eds.), Detecting Ecological. [CrossRef] Impacts: Concepts and Application in Coastal Habitats. Academic Press, Santa Barbara, pp. 233-253. google scholar
  • Kirchhoff, S., Se'vigny, J.-M., Couillard, C.M., 1999. Genetic and meristic variations in the mummichog Fundulus heteroclitus, living in polluted and reference estuaries. Mar. Environ. Res. 47, 261-283. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • Kocataş A, Koray T, Kaya M, Kara O.F. 1993. A review of the fishery resources and their environment in the Sea of Marmara. In: Studies and Reviews, General Fisheries Council for the Mediterranean Sea. Rome, Italy: FAO, pp. 87-143. google scholar
  • Marcoux, R. G. 1966. Occurrence of a melanistic paddlefish (Polyodon spathula) in Montana. Copeia 1966 (4):876. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • Mavruk, S. Yüksek, A., Kaya, A., Avşar, D. 2015. Conjoined Twinning Incidences in Trachurus mediterraneus (Steindachner, 1868) Eggs in Southern Marmara Sea. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 15: 601-607. google scholar
  • Millikan, A. E. and Pattie, B. H. 1970. Hermaphroditism in a Pacific hake, Merluccius productus, from Puget Sound, Washington. J. Fish. Res. Bd. Can. 27 :409-410. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • Necrasov, 0., Adascalitei, E. 1970. Sur quelques modifications morphylogiques correlatives a I’absence congenitale d’un oeil chez Silurus glanis L. Rev. Roum. Biol. (Zool.) 13: 179-186. google scholar
  • Okyar, M. et al. 2015. Changes in abundance and community structure of the zooplankton population during the 2008 mucilage event in the northeastern Marmara Sea. Turkish Journal of Zoology, vol.39, 28-38. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • Sanchez, W., Sremski, W., Piccini, B., Palluel, O., Maillot-Marechal, E., Betoulle, S., Jaffal, A., Ait-Aissa, S., Brion, F., Thybaud, E., Hinfray, N. 2011. Adverse effects in wild fish living down- stream from pharmaceutical manufacture discharges. Environ Intern 37:1342-1348. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • Sindermann, C.J.1979.Pollution-associated diseases and abnormalities of fish and shellfish: a review. U.S. Fish. Bull. 76: 717- 749. google scholar
  • Smith, S.B., Donahue, A.P., Lipkin, R.J., Blazer, V.S., Schmitt, C.J., and Goede, R.W., 2002, Illustrated field guide for assessing external and internal anomalies in fish: U.S. Geological Survey, Information and Technology Report, 2002-0007, 46 p. google scholar
  • TÜBİTAK-MAM ve ÇŞB-ÇYGM 2017. Denizlerde Bütünleşik Kirlilik İzleme İşi 2014-2016 Marmara Denizi Özet Raporu. ISBN: 978-605-5294-72-4, Gebze, Kocaeli. google scholar
  • TUİK 2020. Fisheries statistics. Turkish Statistical Institute. Ankara, Turkey. http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreTablo.do?alt_id=1005 google scholar
  • Tüfekçi, V., Balkıs, N., Beken, C.P., Ediger, D., Mantıkçı, M. 2010. Phytoplankton composition and environmental conditions of a mucilage event in the Sea of Marmara. Turkish Journal of Biology, 34, 199-210. google scholar
  • Valentine, D.W. 1975. Skeletal anomalies in marine teleosts. pp.695-718. In: W.E. Ribelin & G. Migaki (ed.) The Pathology of Fishes, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison. google scholar

Year 2022, Volume: 37 Issue: 2, 64 - 68, 25.01.2022

Uğur Uzer , Firdes Saadet Karakulak

https://doi.org/10.26650/ASE20211005479

Abstract

References

  • Aktan, Y., Dede A., Çiftçi P.S. 2008. Mucilage event associated with diatoms and dinoflagellates in Sea of Marmara, Turkey. An IOC Newsletter on toxic algae and algal blooms, The Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO, 36, 1-3. google scholar
  • Aritaki, M. and Seikai, T., 2004. Temperature effects on early development and occurrence of metamorphosis-related morphological abnormalities in hatchery-reared brown sole Pseudopleuronectes herzensteini. Aquaculture 240:517-530. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • Arme, C. 1965. A hermaphrodite specimen of roach, Rutilus rutilus (L.). Proc. Leeds phil. lit. SOC. 9(11):277-281. google scholar
  • Atz, J. W., Kallman, K. D., and Nigrelli, R. F. 1963. Position effect as a factor in the production of melanosis and melanoma in the fish Xiphophorus. Proc. int. Congr. Zool. 16(2) :206. google scholar
  • Balkis-Ozdelice, N., Durmuş, T., Balci, M. 2021. A Preliminary Study on the Intense Pelagic and Benthic Mucilage Phenomenon Observed in the Sea of Marmara. International Journal of Environment and Geoinformatics (IJEGEO), 8(4): 414-422. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • Baruah, M. C. 1968. A case of albinism in Heteroplzeustes fossilis (Bloch). J. Bombay nat. Hist. SOC. 65 :495-496. google scholar
  • Bengtsson, B.E., 1979. Biological variables, especially skeletal deformities in fish, for monitoring marine pollution. Philos.Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B 286, 457-464. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • Bengtsson, B.E., Bengtsson, A., Himberg, M., 1985. Fish deformities and pollution in some Swedish waters. Ambio 14, 32-35. google scholar
  • Bennet, P. S. 1964. On an abnormal ray from Vizhingam (Rhynchobatus djiddensis). J. Mar. biol. Ass. India 6(2):316-317. google scholar
  • Berland, B. 1967. A melanistic herring. Fauna, Oslo 20(4):273-274. google scholar
  • Beşiktepe, Ş., Sur, H.İ., Özsoy, E., Latif, M.A., Oğuz, T. and Ünlüata, Ü., 1994, The circulation and hydrography of the Marmara Sea, Prog. Oceanogr, 34:285-334 pp. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • Boglione, C., Marino, G., Bertolini, B., Rossi, A., Ferreri, F., Cataudella, S., 1993. Larval and postlarval monitoring in sea bass: morphological approach to evaluate finfish seed quality. In: Barnabe ,' G., Kestemont, P (Eds.), Production, Environment and Quality. Bordeaux Aquaculture 1992. Eur. Aquacult. Soc., Ghent, Belgium, Spec. Pub. no. 18, pp. 189-204. google scholar
  • Boglione, C., Gavalia, P., Koumoundouros, G., Gisbert, E., Moren, M., Fontagenn, S., Witten, P.E. 2013. Skeletal anomalies in reared European fish larvae and juveniles. Part 1: normal and anomalous skeletogenic processes. Rev. Aqua 5:9-S120. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • Boglione, C., Costa, C., Giganti, M., Cecchetti, M., Di Dato, P., Scardi, M., Cataudella, S. 2006. Biological monitoring of wild thicklip grey mullet (Chelon labrosus), golden grey mullet (Liza aurata), thinlip mullet (Liza ramada) and flathead mullet (Mugil cephalus) (Pisces: Mugilidae) from different Adriatic sites: meristic counts and skeletal anomalies. Ecological Indicators 6: 712-732. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • Brian, A. 1952. Caso mostruoso di un pesce privo di un occhio (Merluccius esculentus Risso). Natura, Milano 43:17-23. google scholar
  • Bruno, D.W., Poppe, T.T., 1996. A Colour Atlas of Salmonid Diseases. Accademic Press, London, 194 pp. google scholar
  • Bullough, W. S. 1940. A case of hermaphroditism in the herring (Clupea harengus, Linn.). Proc. Leeds Phil. lit. SOC. 3:638-641. google scholar
  • Carls, M.G., Rice, S.D., 1990. Abnormal development and growth reductions of pollock, Theragra chalcogramma, embryos exposed to water-soluble fractions of oil. Fish. Bull. 88:29-37. google scholar
  • Carpentieri, P., Colloca, F., Cardinale, M., Belluscio, A., Ardizzone, G.D. 2005. Feeding habits of European hake (Merluccius merluccius) in the central Mediterranean Sea. Fish. Bull. 103:411-416. google scholar
  • Cavaliere, A. 1965. Anomalie della colonna vertebrale in Boops salpa L. Boll. Pesca Pisci. Idrobiol., n. s., 20 (1) :52-59. google scholar
  • Cerim, H., Çelik, M., Yapıcı, S. 2016. Occurrence of colour abnormalities and morphological aberration in common sole Solea solea (L., 1758) captured from the Aegean Sea. Cahiers de Biologie Marine 57(1):85-87. google scholar
  • Ciechomski, J. D. de and Christiansen, H. E. 1968. Un caso de hermafroditismo en la merluza Merluccius merluccius hubbsi (Pisces, Merlucciidae). Physis, B. Aires 27(75) :423-428. google scholar
  • Da Cunha, P.L., Antunes, M.M., 1999. Occurrence of vertebral deformities in Gobiidae (Pisces) from the Tagus estuary. Aquat. Ecol. 33, 281-285. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • Daoulas, Ch., Economou, A.N., Bantavas, I., 1991. Osteological abnormalities in laboratory reared sea-bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) fingerlings. Aquaculture 97, 169-180. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • Divanach, P., Boglione, C., Menu, B., Koumoundouros, G., Kentouri, M. and Cataudella, S. 1996. Abnormalities in finfish mariculture: an overview of the problem, causes and solutions. In: Chatain, B., Saroglia, M., Sweetman, J., Lavens, P. (Eds.), Seabass and Seabream Culture: Problems and Prospects. European Aquaculture Society, Oostende, Belgium, pp. 45-66. google scholar
  • Easwaran, C. R. 1968. On an abnormal ray from the Gulf of Kutch. J. Mar. biol. Ass. India, 1967, 9(1):198-200. google scholar
  • Fisher, W., Bauchot, W.M., Schneider, M. 1987. Fiches FAO d’identification pour les besoins de la peche revision 1. Mediterranee et mer Noire. Zone de peche 37, vol. 2: Vertebres, p. 761-1530. FAO, Rome. google scholar
  • Froese, R. and D. Pauly, Editors. 2020. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication. www.fishbase.org, (12/2020). google scholar
  • Galeotti, M., Beraldo, P., de Dominis, S., D’Angelo, L., Ballestrazzi, R., Musetti, R., Pizzolito, S., Pinosa, M., 2000. A preliminary histological and ultrastructural study of opercular anomalies in gilthead sea bream larvae (Sparus aurata). Fish Physiology and Biochemistry 22, 151-157. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • Haaparanta, A., Valtonen, E.T., Hoofmann, R.W. 1997. Gill anomalies of perch and roach from four lakes differing in water quality. Journal of Fish Biology 50:575-591. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • Hase, A. 1935. Über ein hypertrophisches Flossenregenerat beim Goldfisch Carassius auratus L. S.B. Ges. naturf. Fr. Berl. 1935:283-289. google scholar
  • Hilomen-Garcia, G.V., 1997. Morphological abnormalities in hatchery-bred milkfish (Chanos canoa, Forsskal) fry and juveniles. Aquaculture 152, 155-166. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • Hoff, J. G. 1970. Vertebral anomalies in a humpbacked specimen of Atlantic silverside, Menidia menidia. Chesapeake Sei. 11(1):54-65. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • Jawad L.A., and Ibrahim M., 2017, On some cases of fish anomalies in fishes from the port of Jubail, Saudi Arabia, Arabian Gulf, International Journal of Marine Science, 7(20): 188-199. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • Jawad L.A., and Akyol O. 2018, Vertebral anomalies in Mullus barbatus (Actinopterygiidae: Osteichthyes: Mullidae), collected from Izmir Bay, North-eastern Aegean Sea, Turkey, International Journal of Marine Science, 8(7): 59-65. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • Jawad, L.A, Ibrahim, M. and Waryani, B., 2018, Incidences of caudal fin malformation in fishes from Jubail City, Saudi Arabia, Arabian Gulf. Fisheries & Aquatic Life, Vol.26 (Issue 1), pp. 65-71. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • Jawad L.A., and Ibrahim M., 2021, Characterization and possible cause of the fish anomalies so far reported in the vicinity of Jubail city, Saudi Arabia, Arabian gulf, L. A. Jawad (ed.), The Arabian Seas: Biodiversity, Environmental changes and conservation measures, [CrossRef] google scholar
  • Jonsson, B. and Jonsson, N., 2006. Cultured Atlantic salmon in nature: a re- view of their ecology and interaction with wild fish. ICES J Mar Sci 63:1162-1181. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • Kingsford, M.J., Gray, C.A., 1996. Influence of pollutants and oceanography on abundance and deformities of wild fish larvae. In: Schmitt, R.J., Osenberg, C.W. (Eds.), Detecting Ecological. [CrossRef] Impacts: Concepts and Application in Coastal Habitats. Academic Press, Santa Barbara, pp. 233-253. google scholar
  • Kirchhoff, S., Se'vigny, J.-M., Couillard, C.M., 1999. Genetic and meristic variations in the mummichog Fundulus heteroclitus, living in polluted and reference estuaries. Mar. Environ. Res. 47, 261-283. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • Kocataş A, Koray T, Kaya M, Kara O.F. 1993. A review of the fishery resources and their environment in the Sea of Marmara. In: Studies and Reviews, General Fisheries Council for the Mediterranean Sea. Rome, Italy: FAO, pp. 87-143. google scholar
  • Marcoux, R. G. 1966. Occurrence of a melanistic paddlefish (Polyodon spathula) in Montana. Copeia 1966 (4):876. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • Mavruk, S. Yüksek, A., Kaya, A., Avşar, D. 2015. Conjoined Twinning Incidences in Trachurus mediterraneus (Steindachner, 1868) Eggs in Southern Marmara Sea. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 15: 601-607. google scholar
  • Millikan, A. E. and Pattie, B. H. 1970. Hermaphroditism in a Pacific hake, Merluccius productus, from Puget Sound, Washington. J. Fish. Res. Bd. Can. 27 :409-410. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • Necrasov, 0., Adascalitei, E. 1970. Sur quelques modifications morphylogiques correlatives a I’absence congenitale d’un oeil chez Silurus glanis L. Rev. Roum. Biol. (Zool.) 13: 179-186. google scholar
  • Okyar, M. et al. 2015. Changes in abundance and community structure of the zooplankton population during the 2008 mucilage event in the northeastern Marmara Sea. Turkish Journal of Zoology, vol.39, 28-38. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • Sanchez, W., Sremski, W., Piccini, B., Palluel, O., Maillot-Marechal, E., Betoulle, S., Jaffal, A., Ait-Aissa, S., Brion, F., Thybaud, E., Hinfray, N. 2011. Adverse effects in wild fish living down- stream from pharmaceutical manufacture discharges. Environ Intern 37:1342-1348. [CrossRef] google scholar
  • Sindermann, C.J.1979.Pollution-associated diseases and abnormalities of fish and shellfish: a review. U.S. Fish. Bull. 76: 717- 749. google scholar
  • Smith, S.B., Donahue, A.P., Lipkin, R.J., Blazer, V.S., Schmitt, C.J., and Goede, R.W., 2002, Illustrated field guide for assessing external and internal anomalies in fish: U.S. Geological Survey, Information and Technology Report, 2002-0007, 46 p. google scholar
  • TÜBİTAK-MAM ve ÇŞB-ÇYGM 2017. Denizlerde Bütünleşik Kirlilik İzleme İşi 2014-2016 Marmara Denizi Özet Raporu. ISBN: 978-605-5294-72-4, Gebze, Kocaeli. google scholar
  • TUİK 2020. Fisheries statistics. Turkish Statistical Institute. Ankara, Turkey. http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreTablo.do?alt_id=1005 google scholar
  • Tüfekçi, V., Balkıs, N., Beken, C.P., Ediger, D., Mantıkçı, M. 2010. Phytoplankton composition and environmental conditions of a mucilage event in the Sea of Marmara. Turkish Journal of Biology, 34, 199-210. google scholar
  • Valentine, D.W. 1975. Skeletal anomalies in marine teleosts. pp.695-718. In: W.E. Ribelin & G. Migaki (ed.) The Pathology of Fishes, University of Wisconsin Press, Madison. google scholar
There are 53 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Hydrobiology
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Uğur Uzer 0000-0002-7038-6469

Firdes Saadet Karakulak 0000-0002-6053-5256

Publication Date January 25, 2022
Submission Date October 6, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 37 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Uzer, U., & Karakulak, F. S. (2022). A Record of Fish Anomaly from the Sea of Marmara, Turkey: European Hake (Merluccius merluccius Linnaeus, 1758) Missing the Right Eye. Aquatic Sciences and Engineering, 37(2), 64-68. https://doi.org/10.26650/ASE20211005479
AMA Uzer U, Karakulak FS. A Record of Fish Anomaly from the Sea of Marmara, Turkey: European Hake (Merluccius merluccius Linnaeus, 1758) Missing the Right Eye. Aqua Sci Eng. January 2022;37(2):64-68. doi:10.26650/ASE20211005479
Chicago Uzer, Uğur, and Firdes Saadet Karakulak. “A Record of Fish Anomaly from the Sea of Marmara, Turkey: European Hake (Merluccius Merluccius Linnaeus, 1758) Missing the Right Eye”. Aquatic Sciences and Engineering 37, no. 2 (January 2022): 64-68. https://doi.org/10.26650/ASE20211005479.
EndNote Uzer U, Karakulak FS (January 1, 2022) A Record of Fish Anomaly from the Sea of Marmara, Turkey: European Hake (Merluccius merluccius Linnaeus, 1758) Missing the Right Eye. Aquatic Sciences and Engineering 37 2 64–68.
IEEE U. Uzer and F. S. Karakulak, “A Record of Fish Anomaly from the Sea of Marmara, Turkey: European Hake (Merluccius merluccius Linnaeus, 1758) Missing the Right Eye”, Aqua Sci Eng, vol. 37, no. 2, pp. 64–68, 2022, doi: 10.26650/ASE20211005479.
ISNAD Uzer, Uğur - Karakulak, Firdes Saadet. “A Record of Fish Anomaly from the Sea of Marmara, Turkey: European Hake (Merluccius Merluccius Linnaeus, 1758) Missing the Right Eye”. Aquatic Sciences and Engineering 37/2 (January 2022), 64-68. https://doi.org/10.26650/ASE20211005479.
JAMA Uzer U, Karakulak FS. A Record of Fish Anomaly from the Sea of Marmara, Turkey: European Hake (Merluccius merluccius Linnaeus, 1758) Missing the Right Eye. Aqua Sci Eng. 2022;37:64–68.
MLA Uzer, Uğur and Firdes Saadet Karakulak. “A Record of Fish Anomaly from the Sea of Marmara, Turkey: European Hake (Merluccius Merluccius Linnaeus, 1758) Missing the Right Eye”. Aquatic Sciences and Engineering, vol. 37, no. 2, 2022, pp. 64-68, doi:10.26650/ASE20211005479.
Vancouver Uzer U, Karakulak FS. A Record of Fish Anomaly from the Sea of Marmara, Turkey: European Hake (Merluccius merluccius Linnaeus, 1758) Missing the Right Eye. Aqua Sci Eng. 2022;37(2):64-8.
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