Catch Composition of Different Bottom Trawl Cod-ends in the Western Black Sea

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 38 Sayı: 1, 53 - 61, 24.01.2023

İbrahim Tamer Emecan Taner Yıldız Uğur Uzer Ahmet Çatal Hamdı Moussa Celalettin Aydın Firdes Saadet Karakulak

https://doi.org/10.26650/ASE20221187355

Öz

Across the Mediterranean and the Black Sea, an improvement in technological adoption which optimizes the environmental benefits of fisheries is needed. The testing of quality standards in trawl fishing is one of the essential components. In an experiment, we tested four bottom trawl cod-ends in the western Black Sea to determine the characteristics of the catch composition. Fishing trials were conducted by 40 mm diamond (40D), 44 mm diamond (44D), 40 mm square (the 40S), and 40 mm 90-degree turned (40T) mesh cod-ends for 31 bottom trawling hauls. The multivariate analysis of catch composition indicated a significantly higher differentiation between 40D and 40T cod-ends, mainly characterized by five species: Merlangius merlangus, Mytilus galloprovincialis, Trachinus draco, Mullus barbatus, and Uranuscopus scaber. The difference in the shape of cod-end meshes reflected the variation in the catchability and catch composition. However, the 40S and 40T showed 80% similarity in catch composition. Among cod-ends, 40T yielded in lowest catch per unit effort for both commercial and other species. Adoption of gear specially made to catch more target species can help bottom trawl fisheries further improve their ecological and economic sustainability. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Black Sea, Bottom trawl, catch composition, cod-end

Destekleyen Kurum

Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit of Istanbul University

Proje Numarası

FYO-2019-20955

Teşekkür

This study was supported by the Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit of Istanbul University, Turkey (Project # FYO-2019-20955). The authors thank all technical crew of the R/V YUNUS S.

Kaynakça

• Aksu, H. (2012). Sinop Bölgesinde Dip Trolü Avcılığının Derinlik ve Bazı Meteorolojik Kriterlere Göre Av Verimi ve Kompozisyonunun Araştırılması, Doktora Tezi, Sinop Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
• Başkaya, A. (2012). Batı Karadeniz’de Dip Trol Ağlarının Av Kompozisyonu ve Hedef Dışı Avın Belirlenmesi, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstanbul Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
• BSGM. (2016). Regulation for Commercial Fisheries in Seas and Inland Waters for 2016-2020 Fishing Period, number 4/1 (No: 2016/35). Ankara: General Directorate of Fisheries and Aquaculture (BSGM), Republic of Turkey Ministry of Food Agriculture and Livestock [In Turkish].
• BSGM. (2020). Regulation for Commercial Fisheries in Seas and Inland Waters for 2020-2024 Fishing Period, number 5/1 (No: 2020/20). Ankara: General Directorate of Fisheries and Aquaculture (BSGM), Republic of Turkey Ministry of Food Agriculture and Livestock [In Turkish].
• Ceylan, Y., Şahin, C. & Kalaycı, F. (2014). Bottom trawl fishery discards on the Black Sea coast of Turkey. Mediterranean Marine Science, 15, 156-164. https://doi.org/10.12681/mms.421
• COUNCIL REGULATION (EC). (2006). 1967/2006 of 21 December 2006 concerning management measures for the sustainable exploitation of fishery resources in the Mediterranean Sea, amending Regulation (EEC) No 2847/93 and repealing Regulation (EC) No 1626/94. OJ L 409/11.
• Çiçek, E. (2006). Karataş (Adana) Açıklarında Dip Trolleriyle Avlanan Ekonomik Potansiyele Sahip Türlerin İncelenmesi, Doktora Tezi, Çukurova Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
• ÇŞB, TÜBİTAK MAM (2017). Denizlerde Bütünleşik Kirlilik İzleme Programı 2014-2016 Karadeniz Özet Raporu, ISBN:978-605-5294-70-0, TÜBİTAK-MAM Matbaası Gebze/Kocaeli, 69 sy., Ankara.
• ÇŞB, TÜBİTAK MAM (2021). Denizlerde Bütünleşik Kirlilik İzleme Programı 2014-2019 Karadeniz Özet Raporu, ISBN: 978-625-7076-21-0, TÜBİTAK-MAM Matbaası Gebze/Kocaeli, 69 sy., Ankara.
• Einarsson, H.A., Cheng, Z., Bayse, S.M., Herrmann, B. & Winger, P.D. (2021). Comparing the size selectivity of a novel T90 mesh codend to two conventional codends in the northern shrimp (Pandalus borealis) trawl fishery. Aquaculture and Fisheries, 6(4), 382-392. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.aaf.2020.09.005
• Erdoğan Sağlam, N & Samsun, S. (2018). An investigation on bottom trawl fishery in the Middle Black Sea. Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 35(2), 189-193. https://doi.org/10.12714/egejfas.2018.35.2.12
• Genç, Y. (2000). Bio-Ecological and Population Parameters for Red Mullet (Mullus barbatus ponticus, Ess. 1927) in the Eastern Black Sea Coastal Ph.D. thesis. Black Sea Technical University, Department of Fisheries Technology Engineering, Trabzon.
• GFCM. (2009). On the minimum mesh size in the cod-end of demersal trawl nets. REC.CM-GFCM/33/2009/2
• Kara, Ö.F. (1980). Fishery potential of Black Sea and Fish catching possibility in the region. Bank for the Development of Industry of Turkey, No. 32.
• Kaykaç, M. H., Zengin, M., Özcan-Akpınar, İ., & Tosunoğlu, Z. (2014). Structural characteristics of towed fishing gears used in the Samsun coast (Black Sea). Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 31(2), 87-96. https://doi.org/10.12714/egejfas.2014.31.2.05
• Kutaygil, N. & Bilecik, N. (1973). Karadeniz Kıta Sahanlığı Trol Araştırmaları, E.B.K. Balıkçılık Müessesesi Mü-dürlüğü Araştırma Raporu.
• Machias, A., Vasilopoulou, V., Vatsos, D., Bekas, P., Kallianotis, A., Papaconstantinou, C. & Tsimenides, N. (2001). Bottom trawl discards in the northeastern Mediterranean Sea. Fisheries Research, 53, 181195. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-7836(00)00298-8
• Öğreden, T. & Yağlıoğlu, D. (2017). Catch Composition of Bottom Trawl Fisheries in Düzce Coast, southwestern Black Sea. Natural and Engineering Sciences, 2(3), 158-167. https://doi.org/10.28978/ nesciences.368342
• Özbilgin, H. & Ferro, R.S.T. (1997). Seasonal Variation in Codend Selectivity of Haddock, Akdeniz Balıkçılık Kongresi. 9-11 April 1997, İzmir.
• Özbilgin, H. & Wardle, C.S. 2002. Effect of Seasonal Temperature Changes on the Escape Behaviour of Haddock, Melanogrammus aeglefinus, from the Codend. Fisheries Research, 58(3), 323-331. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-7836(01)00394-0
• Özdamar, E., Samsun, O., Kihara, K. & Sakuramoto, K. (1996). Stock assessment of whiting, Merlangıus merlangus euxınus along the Turkish coast of the Black Sea. Journal of Tokyo University of Fisheries, 82 (2), 135-149.
• Özdemir, S., Erdem, Y. & Erdem, E. (2012). The Determination of Size Selection of Whiting (Merlangius merlangus euxinus) by Square Mesh Panel and Diamond Mesh Codends of Demersal Trawl in the Southern Part of Black Sea. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Science, 12, 407-410. https://doi.org/10.4194/1303-2712-v12_2_29
• Phiri, H. & Shirakihara, K. (1999). Distribution and seasonal movement of pelagic fish in southern Lake Tanganyika. Fisheries Research, 41, 6371. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-7836(99)00008-9.
• Puertas, E.P. & Bodmer, R. (2004). Hunting Effort As A Tool For Communtiy-Based Wildlife Managment in Amazonia: Wildlife Consevation in South and Central Americ, People in Nature, https://doi. org/10.7312/12SILV12782-008
• R Core Team (2022). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. URL https://www.R-project.org/.
• Richard Winston B, Phiri TB. & Singini W. (2019). Assessment of catch composition and economic analysis of monofilament and multifilament under-meshed gears (Ngongongo) at Likoma Island, Lake Malawi. Journal of Fisheries Research, 3(1),7-17. https://doi. org/10.35841/fisheries-research.3.1.7-17
• Robert, M., Morandeau, F., Scavinner, M., Fiche, M. & Larnaud, P. (2020) Toward elimination of unwanted catches using a 100 mm T90 extension and codend in demersal mixed fisheries. PLoS ONE 15(7), e0235368. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0235368
• Sacchi J. (2008). The use of trawling nets in the Mediterranean. Problems and selectivity options. In: Basu rco B. (ed.). The Mediterranean fisheries sector. A reference publication for the VII meeting of Ministers of agriculture and fisheries of CIHEAM member countries (Zaragoza, Spain, 4 february 2008). Zaragoza : CIHEAM / FAO / GFCM, 2 008. p. 87 -9 6 (Option s Méditerranéenn es : Série B. Etu des et Recherches; n . 62)
• Sanches, P., Sartor, P., Recasens, L., Ligas, A., Martın, J., De ranıerı, S. & Demestre, M. (2007). Trawl catch composition during different fishing intensity periods in two Mediterranean demersal fishing grounds. Scienta Marina, 71(4), 765-773. https://doi.org/10.3989/scimar.2007.71n4765
• Skalski, J.R., Ryding, K.E. & Millspaugh, J.J. (2005). Analysis of population indices. Wildlife Demography: Analysis of Sex, Age, and Count Data. Academic Press. pp. 359-434. ISBN 978-0-12-088773-6.
• Soykan, O. Z. A. N., Akgül, Ş. A., & Kınacıgil, H. T. (2016). Catch composition and some other aspects of bottom trawl fishery in Sığacık Bay, central Aegean Sea, eastern Mediterranean. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 32(3), 542-547. https://doi.org/10.1111/jai.13042
• Soykan, O., Bakır, K., & Kınacıgil, H. T. (2019). Demersal trawl discards with spatial and bathymetric emphasis in the Turkish coast of the Aegean Sea. Marine Biology Research, 15(1), 113-123. https://doi.org/10.108 0/17451000.2019.1576902
• Stergiou, K.I., Politou, C.Y., Christou, E.D. & Petrakis, G. (1997). Selectivity experiments in the NE Mediterranean: the effect of trawl codend mesh size on species diversity and discards. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 54(5), 774-786. https://doi.org/10.1006/jmsc.1997.0231
• Tosunoğlu, Z., Özbilgin, Y.D. & Özbilgin, H. (2003). Body Shape and Trawl Codend Selectivity for Nine Commercial Fish Species. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 83(6): 13091313. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0025315403008737
• TÜİK. (2022). Fisheries statistics. Turkish Statistical Institute. https://biruni. tuik.gov.tr/medas/?kn=97&locale=tr
• Yıldız T. & Karakulak F.S. (2017). Discard in Bottom-Trawl Fishery in the Western Black Sea (Turkey). Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 33(4), 689-698. https://doi.org/10.1111/jai.13362
• Yıldız, T. (2016). Batı Karadeniz’de Ticari Demersal Balık Stokları Üzerine Trol Balıkçılığının Etkisi, Doktora Tezi, İstanbul Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü.
• Yıldız, T. & Karakulak, F.S. (2018a). The catch composition of bottom trawl fishing in the Western Black Sea (Şile-İğneada). Journal of Aquaculture Engineering and Fisheries Research, 4(1), 20-34. http://dx.doi. org/10.3153/JAEFR18003.
• Yıldız, T. & Karakulak, F.S. (2018b). General characteristics of bottom trawl fishery and effect of haul duration and total catch on discard in the Western Black Sea. Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 35(1), 19-26. https://doi.org/10.12714/egejfas.2018.35.1.04
• Yıldız, T., Zengin, M., Karakulak, F.S., Uzer, U. & Özcan Akpınar, İ. (2019). Community structure of demersal assemblages in the southwestern Black Sea. Regional Studies in Marine Science, 32, 100844. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.rsma.2019.100844
• Zar, J.H. (1999). Biostatiscal analysis. 4th ed., New Jersey, Prentice Hall. USA, ISBN: 978-0321656865, 663 p
• Zengin, M., Akpınar, İ. Ö., Kaykaç, M.H. & Tosunoğlu, Z. (2019). Comparison of selectivity of the trawl codends for whiting (Merlangius merlangus euxinus) in the Black Sea. Ege Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 36(3), 301-311. https://doi.org/10.12714/egejfas.2019.36.3.11