Effects of Total Suspended Solids at Different Levels on the Eggs and Larvae of Endemic Fish, Tarek (Alburnus tarichi Güldenstädt, 1814) in the Karasu River (Van, Turkey)

Year 2023, Volume: 38 Issue: 3, 145 - 150, 24.07.2023

Ataman Altuğ Atıcı , Mahmut Elp , Fazıl Şen

https://doi.org/10.26650/ASE20231264370

Abstract

The Karasu River (Van, Turkey) is one of the most important sources of intensive reproduction for Tarek (Alburnus tarichi Güldenstädt, 1814) in the Van Lake basin. However, sand pits and sand extraction activities in the Karasu River threaten the spawning areas of A. tarichi. This study aimed to investigate how increased sediment concentration in the Karasu River affects the eggs and larvae of A. tarichi during the reproductive period. The study in the laboratory was designed by measuring total suspended solids and turbidity associated with the river over two years for five different experimental groups (corresponding to 0, 10, 50, 100, and 600 mg L-1, and associated groups: control group, Group 1, Group 2, Group 3, and Group 4, respectively). The percentage of hatched out larvae was statistically different between the groups (p<0.05). The highest percentages of hatched out larvae were found in the control group (73.98±5.89%) and Group 1 (68.05±2.96%). The highest survival rates in larvae were determined in the control group (53.35±5.62%) and Group 1 (44.98±4.41%). These results demonstrate that A. tarichi is sensitive to suspended solid concentrations that are very common in the natural environment. In conclusion, sand pits and sand extraction activities must be stopped completely during the reproductive period of A. tarichi between May and July and strict controls should be put in place during this time. These measures will provide an important contribution to ensuring the continuity of this species.

Keywords

Destruction zones, sand extraction activities, sand pits, sediment effects, turbidity

Supporting Institution

Van Yuzuncu Yil University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Department

Project Number

2014-FBE-D159

Thanks

This study was produced from the data of Doctoral Thesis and the authors thank for supporting this project (2014-FBE-D159) to Van Yuzuncu Yil University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Department.

References

• Atici, A. A. (2020). Determination of Water Quality Characteristics of Dönerdere, Yumruklu, Değirmigöl and Dolutaş Ponds (Van, Turkey). Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences, 5(3), 348355. https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.756835. google scholar
• Atici, A. A., Elp, M. & Sen, F. (2018). The effects of sand pits and sand extractions region on Karasu Stream (Van) to water quality criteria. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 27(10), 6583-6590. google scholar
• Auld, A. H. & Schubcl, J. R. (1978). Effects of suspended sediment on fish eggs and larvae: a laboratory assessment. Estuarine and Coastal google scholar
• Marine Science, 6, 153-164. https://doi.org/10.1016/0302-3524(78)90097-X. google scholar
• Aydın, A. (2019). Çatakdibi (Zortul) Çayı'nın (Van) Su Kalite Kriterleri Üzerine Bir Araştırma (master thesis). Van Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Türkiye, Van. 148 sayfa. google scholar
• Barton, B. A. (2002). Stress in fishes: A diversity of responses with particular reference to changes in circulating corticosteroids. Integrative and Comparative Biology, 42, 517-525. https://dx.doi. org/10.1093/icb/42.3.517. google scholar
• Berry, W., Rubinstein, N., Melzian, B. & Hill, B. (2003). The biological effects of suspended and bedded sediment (SABS) in aquatic systems: A review. United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Research and Development National Health and Environmental Effects Laboratory Atlantic Ecology Division; Narragansett, USA. 58p. google scholar
• Cetinkaya, O., Sari, M., Sen, F., Arabaci, M. & Duyar, H. A. (1994). Limnological characteristic of Karasu River inflowing Lake Van. Yuzuncu Yil University Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 4, 151-158. google scholar
• Danulat, E. & Sekcuk, B. (1992). Life history and environmental conditions of the anadromous Chalcarburnus tarichi (Cyprinidae) in the highly alkaline Lake Van, Eastern Anatolia, Turkey. Arch. Hydrobiology, 126(1), 105-125. google scholar
• Elp, M. (1996). İnci Kefali (Chalcalburnus tarichi Palas, 1811)'nin Üreme Biyolojisi Üzerine Bir Araştırma (master thesis). Van Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Türkiye, Van. 71 sayfa. google scholar
• Elp, M., Atici, A. A., Sen, F. & Duyar, H. A. (2016). Distribution of fish species in the Van Lake Basin. Yuzuncu Yil University Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 26(4), 563-568. https://dx.doi.org/10.29133/ yyutbd.282808. google scholar
• Elp, M., Sen, F. & Atici, A. A. (2014). The distribution area of tarek (Alburnus tarichi (Guldenstaedtii, 1814)) in the Van Lake Basin, Turkey, Yuzuncu Yil University Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 24(3), 228-232. https://dx.doi.org/10.29133/yyutbd.236277. google scholar
• Elp, M., Sen, F. & Cetinkaya, O. (2006). The problems encountered by fish populations living in Lake Van Basin and their possible solutions. Ege University Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 23, 407-412. google scholar
• Goldes, S. A., Ferguson, H. W., Moccia, R. D. & Daoust, P. Y. (1998). Histological effects of the inert suspended clay kaolin on the gills of juvenile rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson. Journal of Fish Diseases, 11(1), 23-33. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j-.1365-2761.1988. tb00520.x. google scholar
• Jin, K. R. & Ji, Z. G. (2013). A long term calibration and verification of a submerged aquatic vegetation model for Lake Okeechobee. google scholar
• Ecological Processes, 2, 1-13. https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/2192-1709-2-23. google scholar
• Langer, O. E. (1980). Effects of Sedimentation on Salmonid Stream Life. North Vancouver, British Columbia: Environmental Protection Service. 23p. google scholar
• Morgan, R. P II., Rasin, J. R. Jr. & Noe, L. A. (1983). Sediment effects on eggs and larvae of striped bass and white perch. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 112, 220-224. google scholar
• Newcombe, C. P. & Jensen, J. O. T. (1996). Channel suspended sediment and fisheries: a synthesis for quantitative assessment of risk and impact. North American Journal of Fisheries Management, 16(4), 693-727. https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(1996)016<0693:CSSAFA >2.3.CO;2. google scholar
• Pechsiri, J. & Yakupitiyage, A. (2005). A comparative study of growth and feed utilization efficiency of sex-reversed diploid and triploid Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus L. Aquaculture Research, 36(1), 45-51. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2109.2004.01182.x. google scholar
• Sen, F., Parug, S. S. & Elp, M. (2015). Projections on past, present and future of tarek (Alburnus tarichi, Güldenstâdt,1814). Yuzuncu Yil University Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 25(3), 347-356. https:// dx.doi.org/10.29133/yyutbd.236420. google scholar
• Slaney, P. A., Halsey. T. G. & Tautz, A. F. (1977). Effects of forest harvesting practices on spawning habitat of stream salmonids in the Centennial Creek watershed, British Columbia. Victoria: Fisheries Management Report. 73p. google scholar
• Sutherland, A. B. (2005). Effects of excessive sediment on stress, growth and reproduction of two southern appalachian minnows, Erimonax monachus and Cyprinella galactura (dissertations). University of Georgia, Georgia, USA, 214p. google scholar
• Sutherland, A. B. (2006). A simple reciprocating apparatus for maintaining long-term turbidity in biological experiments. Limnology and Oceanography Methods, 4(3), 49-57. https://dx.doi.org/10.4319/ lom.2006.4.49. google scholar
• Sutherland, A. B. & Meyer, J. L. (2007). Effects of increased suspended sediment on growth rate and gill condition of two southern Appalachian minnows. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 80, 389-403. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10641-006-9139-8. google scholar
• TUIK. (2020). Turkish Statistical Institute. Retrieved from http://www, turkstat.gov.tr (accessed 14.01.21) google scholar
• Uzgoren, N. (2012). Basic Statistical Methods Used in Scientific Research and SPSS Applications. Bursa: Ekin Press. 415p. google scholar