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            <front>

                <journal-meta>
                                                                <journal-id>atad</journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>Akademik Tarih ve Araştırmalar Dergisi</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                                        <issn pub-type="epub">2687-5624</issn>
                                                                                            <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>Mehmet ÇELİK</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.56448/ataddergi.1731899</article-id>
                                                                <article-categories>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="en">
                                                            <subject>Late Modern Military History</subject>
                                                            <subject>Late Modern Ottoman History</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="tr">
                                                            <subject>Yakınçağ Askeri Tarih</subject>
                                                            <subject>Yakınçağ Osmanlı Tarihi</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                    </article-categories>
                                                                                                                                                        <title-group>
                                                                                                                        <trans-title-group xml:lang="ar">
                                    <trans-title>أول وزير للحربية في العهد الملكي الدستوري الثاني: غازي مشير عمر رشدي باشا (1843-1922) حياته وأنشطته</trans-title>
                                </trans-title-group>
                                                                                                                                                                                                <article-title>II. MEŞRUTİYET’İN İLK HARBİYE NAZIRI: GAZİ MÜŞİR ÖMER RÜŞTÜ PAŞA (1843-1922) HAYATI VE FAALİYETLERİ</article-title>
                                                                                                                                                                                                <trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
                                    <trans-title>THE FIRST MINISTER OF WAR OF THE 2ND CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY: GHAZI MARSHAL ÖMER RÜŞTÜ PASHA (1843-1922) HIS LIFE AND ACTIVITIES</trans-title>
                                </trans-title-group>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5427-2760</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Ölmez</surname>
                                    <given-names>Halil</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>Kütahya Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                        <pub-date pub-type="pub" iso-8601-date="20260430">
                    <day>04</day>
                    <month>30</month>
                    <year>2026</year>
                </pub-date>
                                        <volume>9</volume>
                                        <issue>15</issue>
                                        <fpage>59</fpage>
                                        <lpage>95</lpage>
                        
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20250701">
                        <day>07</day>
                        <month>01</month>
                        <year>2025</year>
                    </date>
                                                    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="20260421">
                        <day>04</day>
                        <month>21</month>
                        <year>2026</year>
                    </date>
                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 2019, Akademik Tarih ve Araştırmalar Dergisi</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>2019</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>Akademik Tarih ve Araştırmalar Dergisi</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                <trans-abstract xml:lang="ar">
                            <p>في هذا المقال، يتم وصف حياة وأنشطة غازي مشير عمر رشدي باشا، الذي شغل منصب وزير الحربية لفترة قصيرة خلال فترة الملكية الدستورية الثانية للإمبراطورية العثمانية.</p></trans-abstract>
                                                                                                                                    <abstract><p>Gazi Müşir Ömer Rüştü Paşa, Osmanlı&#039;nın son dönemlerinde hem Sultan II. Abdülhamit devrinde hem de II. Meşrutiyet devrinde itibarlı bir asker ve devlet adamı olarak öne çıkmıştır. Genç yaşta başladığı askerlik kariyerinde 63 yıl hizmet etmiş; Karadağ, Sırp ve 93 Harpleri, 1897 Yunan Harbi ve Balkanlardaki görevlerinde devlete önemli hizmetler sunmuştur. Askeri kariyerindeki 1897 Yunan Harbi ordu kurmay başkanlığı onun sivrilmesine zemin hazırlamıştır. Müşir (mareşal) rütbesine erişmesinin yanında “Gazi” ve “Yaver-i Ekrem” unvanlarıyla onurlandırılmıştır. II. Meşrutiyet’in ilanı sürecinde kısa süreliğine Harbiye Nazırlığı yapmıştır. Böylesi çalkantılı bir süreçte bu göreve saray tarafından doğrudan atanması onun II. Abdülhamit’in güvendiği bir isim olduğunu apaçık göstermektedir. Meşrutiyet sonrasında da vefatına kadar Ayan Meclisi azalığını sürdürmüştür. Bu bakımdan herhangi bir tasfiye görmeyişi kendisinin itibarının devamına önemli bir kanıttır. Mütareke devrinde Hürriyet ve İtilaf Fırkası’nın yeniden teşkili süreci, Paşa’nın Şişli’deki konağında başlamıştır. 79 yıllık ömrünü 1922’de İstanbul’da tamamlayan Ömer Rüştü Paşa’nın ailesinden de hem Osmanlı döneminde hem de Cumhuriyet döneminde devlet hizmetinde bulunmuş önemli isimler çıkmıştır. Devletin çalkantılı bir döneminde oldukça önemli hizmetlerde bulunmuş bir devlet adamı olan Ömer Rüştü Paşa’nın buna rağmen detaylı bir biyografisi bugüne kadar yazılmamıştır. Bu makale ile kendisinin arşivlerden, resmi ve dönem süreli yayınlarından ve diğer telif eserlerden yola çıkılarak biyografisinin detaylandırılması ve tanıtılması hedeflenmiştir.</p></abstract>
                                                                                                                                    <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
                            <p>Ghazi Marshal Ömer Rüştü Pasha stood out as a respected soldier and statesman in the last periods of the Ottoman Empire, both during the reign of Sultan Abdülhamit II and the 2&#039;nd Constitutional Monarchy. He started his military career at a young age and served for 63 years, providing important services to the state during the Montenegro, Serbian and 93 Wars, the Greek War of 1897 and his duties in the Balkans. His military career in the Greek War of 1897 as Chief of Staff of The Thessaly Army paved the way for him to rise. In addition to attaining the rank of field marshal, he was honored with the titles of “Ghazi” and “The Great Aide”. During the declaration of the Constitutional Monarchy II, he briefly served as the Minister of War. The fact that he was directly appointed to this position by the palace in such a turbulent period clearly shows that he was a name trusted by Abdülhamit II. After the Constitutional Monarchy, he continued to serve as a member of the Assembly of Ayan until his death. In this respect, the fact that he was not purged is an important evidence for the continuation of his reputation. During the Armistice period, the process of reorganizing the Freedom and Entente Party began in Pasha&#039;s mansion in Şişli. Ömer Rüştü Pasha, who completed his 79 years of life in Istanbul in 1922, had important family members who served the state both in the Ottoman and Republican periods. Despite this, a detailed biography of Ömer Rüştü Pasha, a statesman who served in a turbulent period of the state, has not been written to date. This article aims to elaborate and introduce his biography based on archives, official and periodical publications and other copyrighted works.</p></trans-abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                                                        <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>Müşir Ömer Rüştü Paşa</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  II. Meşrutiyet</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  II. Abdülhamit</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Harbiye Nezareti</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                        
                                                <kwd-group xml:lang="ar">
                                                    <kwd>الملكية الدستورية الثانية</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  عبد الحميد الثاني</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  وزارة الحربية</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  غازي مشير عمر رشدي باشا</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                                                            <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
                                                    <kwd>Marshal Ömer Rüştü Pasha</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  The Second Constitutional Monarchy</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Abdülhamit II</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Ministry of War</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                                                                            </article-meta>
    </front>
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