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            <front>

                <journal-meta>
                                                                <journal-id>atad</journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>Akademik Tarih ve Araştırmalar Dergisi</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                                        <issn pub-type="epub">2687-5624</issn>
                                                                                            <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>Mehmet ÇELİK</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.56448/ataddergi.1895729</article-id>
                                                                <article-categories>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="en">
                                                            <subject>Contemporary European History</subject>
                                                            <subject>History of The Republic of Turkiye</subject>
                                                            <subject>History of Specific Fields (Other)</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="tr">
                                                            <subject>Çağdaş Avrupa Tarihi</subject>
                                                            <subject>Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Tarihi</subject>
                                                            <subject>Spesifik Alanların Tarihi (Diğer)</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                    </article-categories>
                                                                                                                                                        <title-group>
                                                                                                                                                            <article-title>BİRİNCİ DÜNYA SAVAŞI SONRASI TÜRKİYE VE MACARİSTAN&#039;DA GEÇİCİ DEVLET OLUŞUMLARI (1918–1921) KARŞILAŞTIRMALI TARİHSEL ANALİZ</article-title>
                                                                                                                                                                                                <trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
                                    <trans-title>Ephemeral  State Formations in Turkey and Hungary after World War I (1918–1921)   A Comparative Historical Analysis</trans-title>
                                </trans-title-group>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5625-9394</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Bengisu</surname>
                                    <given-names>İ Ersan</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>İSTANBUL ÜNİVERSİTESİ, ATATÜRK İLKELERİ VE İNKILAP TARİHİ ENSTİTÜSÜ</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                        <pub-date pub-type="pub" iso-8601-date="20260430">
                    <day>04</day>
                    <month>30</month>
                    <year>2026</year>
                </pub-date>
                                        <volume>9</volume>
                                        <issue>15</issue>
                                        <fpage>137</fpage>
                                        <lpage>174</lpage>
                        
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20260223">
                        <day>02</day>
                        <month>23</month>
                        <year>2026</year>
                    </date>
                                                    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="20260429">
                        <day>04</day>
                        <month>29</month>
                        <year>2026</year>
                    </date>
                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 2019, Akademik Tarih ve Araştırmalar Dergisi</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>2019</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>Akademik Tarih ve Araştırmalar Dergisi</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                                        <abstract><p>Öz: Birinci Dünya Savaşı sonrası (1918–1921) Osmanlı ve Avusturya-Macaristan imparatorluklarının çöküşü, geniş coğrafyalarda otorite boşluğu yaratarak yerel düzeyde kısa ömürlü siyasal oluşumların ortaya çıkmasına yol açmıştır. Bu çalışma, Türkiye ve Macaristan’da ortaya çıkan ve literatürde “Geçici Devletler” olarak anılan yapıları Karşılaştırmalı Tarihsel Analiz yöntemiyle incelemektedir. Araştırma, söz konusu oluşumların tarihsel koşullarını, örgütlenme biçimlerini ve dönüşümlerini yapısal özellikleri çerçevesinde değerlendirirken, “birleşme” veya “ayrılma” gibi amaçsal yönelimlerle sınıflandırmaktan kaçınmaktadır. İnceleme kapsamında Türkiye’den Cenûb-i Garbî Kafkas Hükûmeti ve Şark-ı Kârib Çerkesleri Temin-i Hukuk Cemiyeti; Macaristan’dan Banat Cumhuriyeti ve Hucul Cumhuriyeti ele alınmaktadır. Kaynak temelini arşiv belgeleri, TBMM Zabıt Cerideleri ile Türkçe, Macarca, İngilizce ve Almanca ikincil literatür oluşturmaktadır. Karşılaştırmalı analiz, her iki coğrafyadaki geçici oluşumların self-determinasyon söylemine dayanan benzer bir siyasal dil geliştirdiğini, otorite boşluğunda şekillendiğini ve kısa ömürlü olduğunu göstermektedir. Bununla birlikte, toplumsal taban, dış müdahalelerin niteliği ve ulusal tarih yazımındaki konumları açısından belirgin farklılıklar ortaya çıkmaktadır</p></abstract>
                                                                                                                                    <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
                            <p>After the First World War (1918–1921), the collapse of the Ottoman and Austro-Hungarian empires created a power vacuum across vast territories, leading to the emergence of short-lived local political entities. This study examines these formations, referred to in the literature as &quot;Provisional States&quot; or &quot;Congress Governments,&quot; in Turkey and Hungary through the method of Comparative Historical Analysis. The research evaluates the historical conditions, organizational forms, and transformations of these structures within the framework of their structural characteristics, deliberately avoiding classification based on purposive orientations such as &quot;unification&quot; or &quot;secession.&quot; The cases examined include the Southwestern Caucasus Government and the Society for the Protection of the Rights of the Near Eastern Circassians from Turkey, and the Banat Republic and the Hutsul Republic from Hungary. The source base primarily consists of archival documents, Grand National Assembly minutes, and secondary literature in Turkish, Hungarian, English, and German. The comparative analysis reveals that the temporary formations in both geographies developed a similar political language grounded in the discourse of self-determination, emerged within the post-war power vacuum, and were short-lived. However, significant differences are observed regarding their social bases, the nature of external interventions they were subjected to, and their positions within subsequent national historiography.</p></trans-abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                                                        <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>Birinci Dünya savaşı</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Geçici Devlet</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Karşılaştırmalı Tarihsel Analiz</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Türkiye</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Macaristan</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                        
                                                                                                        <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
                                                    <kwd>First Worl War</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Ephemeral States</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Turkiye</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Hungary</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Comparative Historical Analyses</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                                                                            </article-meta>
    </front>
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