Free wise men in Attar's Masnavi

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 8 Sayı: 3, 1150 - 1171, 25.09.2021

Shadab Boroumand

Öz

Motif; ıt is a basic concept consisting of an archetype, event, or situation that the author uses consciously or unconsciously in his work, by repeating it to emphasize a certain theme or emotion. The Free wise men are one of the most important mystical motifs in Attar's Masnavi. The Free Sages spoke wisely, even if they acted like madmen and acted against the traditions and rulers of the Shari’a. In this article, first, the origin of the word motif and the meaning of the term in the literature of nations were investigated and a motif definition was made. Attar's Masnavi contains anecdotes based on the existence of free wise man in six categories: 1. The Lesson of Freedom 2. Protest against rulers and kings 3. Arrogance against God 4. Protest against worshipers and hypocritical preachers 5. Protest against ignorant, greedy and arrogant people 6. Love God. Second, these anecdotes will be found and analyzed. The findings of this study show that wherever Attar wanted to express his social suffering, or criticize the system of creation, or criticize religious beliefs, he expressed them, expressed his his ideas in their language, made good points, and made subtle criticisms. and polite protests.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Motif, Free Wise Men, Attar, Social Criticism.

Destekleyen Kurum

Tehran University

Free wise men in Attar's Masnavi

Öz

The motif (theme) can be an archetype, an event, a situation, or a central concept that the author uses, consciously or unconsciously, repeatedly to create a particular theme or feeling in the work. The Free wise men are one of the most central mystical motifs in Attar's Masnavis. Free wise men were those who behaved like lunatics and contrary to the customs and rules of the Shari'a; but they spoke thoughtfully. In this article, first, the lexical roots and idiomatic meaning of motif in the literature of nations are explored and a proposed definition of motif is presented. Then, the anecdotes of Attar's Masnavi are based on the presence of free wise men in six categories: 1. Lesson of Freedom 2. Protest against rulers and kings 3. Arrogance against God 4. Protest against worshipers and hypocritical preachers 5. Protest against ignorant, greedy and arrogant people 6. Love God; will be located and analyzed. The findings of this study show that wherever Attar wants to express his social pains, or criticize the system of creation, or criticize religious beliefs, he brings them up and expresses his points in their own language and he makes nice points out of their language and makes subtle criticisms and very kind protests.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Motif, Free Wise Men, Attar, Social Criticism.

عقلای مجانین در مثنوی‌های عطار

Öz

موتیف (بن‌مایه) را می‌توان یک کهن‌الگو، یک واقعه، یک موقعیت و یا یک مفهوم محوری دانست که نویسنده آن را به‌صورت آگاهانه یا ناخودآگاه مکرراً استفاده می‌کند تا یک تم یا یک حس معین را در اثر به وجود آورد. عقلای مجانین یکی از محوری‌ترین موتیف‌های عرفانی موجود در مثنوی‌های عطار هستند. عقلای مجانین یا خردمندان دیوانه کسانی بودند که رفتارشان مانند دیوانگان و برخلاف آداب اجتماع و احکام شریعت بود؛ اما سخنان اندیشمندانه‌ای بر زبان می‌راندند. در این نوشتار ابتدا ریشۀ لغوی و معنای اصطلاحی موتیف در ادبیات ملل کاویده شده و تعریف پیشنهادی از موتیف ارائه شده است. سپس حکایات مثنوی‌های عطار بر اساس حضور عقلای مجانین در شش دستۀ 1. درس آزادگی 2. اعتراض به حاکمان و پادشاهان 3. گستاخی در برابر خداوند 4. اعتراض به عابدان و واعظان ریاکار 5. اعتراض به مردم غافل و حریص و متکبر 6. عشق دیوانگان به خدا؛ قرار گرفته و تحلیل خواهند شد. یافته‌های این پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که عطار هر جا می¬خواهد دردهای اجتماعی خود را بگوید یا بر نظام آفرینش خُرده بگیرد و یا عقاید دینی را نقد کند، پای این هوشیارانِ دیوانه شکل را به میان می¬کشد و از زبانشان نکته‌های نغز بیان می¬کند و نقدهای ظریف و اعتراضات بسیار لطف‌آمیز وارد می‌کند. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

موتیف, عقلای, مجانین, عطار, نتقاد اجتماعی.

Kaynakça

• Reference 1 Attar, Elahi nameh, Sokhan, Tehran, 1392. Reference2 Attar, Asrar nameh, Sokhan, Tehran, 1392.