Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer among women, and in its treatment process, a personalized approach should be adopted, considering the individual characteristics of patients, tumor stage, and biology. The evolution of surgery in breast cancer highlights the importance of a multidisciplinary approach. Treatment options such as breast-conserving surgery (lumpectomy) and mastectomy should be applied in a way that aligns with patients' aesthetic expectations. In suitable patients, breast-conserving therapy offers survival rates equivalent to mastectomy; however, in some cases, this treatment may not be appropriate, and neoadjuvant therapy could be explored as a solution. Oncoplastic surgery is an approach aimed at improving aesthetic outcomes, but the experience of the surgeon and proper patient selection are crucial. Moreover, a multidisciplinary approach is necessary to increase the success rate of the treatment process. In Turkey, breast surgery faces various challenges, and it is of great importance to apply practices in line with scientific consensus. In the future, breast surgery should be aimed to be recognized as a subspecialty in medical education.