Human-Nature Relationship with a Focus on Recreation – Case of Istanbul

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2, 22 - 36, 25.02.2020

Zehra Tugba Guzel F. Ayçim Türer Başkaya

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3688759

Öz

Due to altering living standards and technological advances of the 21st century, many people prefer to live in cities. Istanbul has been one of the fastest and most complex developing cities from past to present. Ever-increasing needs of Istanbul have brought about increasing built-up spaces. These dense built-up spaces have damaged the connection between the urbanites and nature; therefore, their interaction.
The human-nature relationship has become an essential necessity with increasing urban pressure today. In the context of the human-nature relationship, although different types of landscapes are considered, the most effective parameter appears to be active green areas and, thus, the recreation activities attached to them. This research aims to scrutinize the relationship between the recreational needs of the public and the transformation of natural areas from 1990 to 2018. In order to detect spatiotemporal alterations, this study mainly benefits from the 1990, 2006, and 2018 dated CORINE land cover data.
According to the GIS map-based studies, development and transformation of land covers are identified. These studies forward the sub-types, dispersions, and the alteration trends of major land covers as in the cases of decaying "natural and semi-natural areas", increasing "urban fabrics", and partially increasing "green urban areas" and "sport-leisure facilities". Following to reveal the features of the blue-green network, strategies to upgrade the decaying and fragmented status are discussed through the concepts of “physical and perceptional human-nature contact”, “collective memory”, “connectivity”, “productive landscapes”, “multifunctionality”, and “transformable open spaces”.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Human - Nature Relationship, Urban Change, Blue-Green Network, Recreation, CORINE, Istanbul

Kaynakça

• Bhatta, B. (2010). Causes and consequences of urban growth and sprawl. In Analysis of urban growth and sprawl from remote sensing data (pp. 17-36). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
• European Environment Agency (2109). CORINE Land Cover Metadata 1990-2018, https://land.copernicus.eu/pan-european/corine-land-cover [Accessed 15.10.2019]
• Deniz, M. H. (2009). Sanayileşme Perspektifinde Kentleşme ve Çevre İlişkisi [Relationship Between Urbanisation And Environment Under The Perspective Of Industrialisation]. Istanbul University Geography Journal, (19), 95-105, Istanbul, e-ISSN No: 1305-2128
• Eminagaoglu, Z., & Cevik, S. (2006). Doğa-Kırsal Yerleşme Birliktelikleri, [Natural-Rural Settlement Interactions]. Artvin Forest Faculty Journal, Kafkas University, 7(1), 28-40.
• Forman, R. T. (2008a). Urban Region Ecology and Planning Beyond The City. Cambridge University Press.
• Forman, R. T. (2008b). The urban region: natural systems in our place, our nourishment, our home range, our future. Landscape Ecology, 23(3), 251-253
• Forman, R. T. (2014). Urban ecology: science of cities. Cambridge University Press.
• Altınkaya Genel, O. (2015). İstanbul’un Çevre Sorunlarına Bölgesel Ölçekte Bakmak: Marmara Bölgesi’nde 1990 ve 2006 Yılları Arasında Tarım ve Orman Arazi Örtülerinin Dönüşümü, [Revisiting Istanbul’s Ecological Problems at the Regional Scale: The Transformation of Agricultural and Forest Land Covers between 1990 and 2006]. IDEALKENT, 8 (21), 91-117.
• Gokburun, I. (2017). Istanbul’da Nüfusun Gelişimi ve İlçelere Göre Dağılımı (1950-2015) [Population Development and Inclusive Distribution in Istanbul (1950-2015)]. Journal of Anatolian Cultural Research, 1(3), 110-130.
• Karadag, A. (2009). Kentsel Ekoloji: Kentsel Çevre Analizlerinde Coğrafi Yaklaşım [Urban Ecology: Geographical Approach to Urban Envıronment Analysis]. Aegean Geography Journal, 18 (1-2), 31-47.
• Kaya, H. S., Terzi, F., & Bolen, F. (2009) Kentsel Doku ile Şehirsel Büyüme Biçimi Arasındaki İlişkinin Mekansal Analizi: İstanbul Örneği [Spatial Analysis of the Relationship Between Urban Pattern and Urban Growth : Case of Istanbul]. III. Ulusal Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri Sempozyumu, Izmir, Turkey.
• Kubat, A. S., & Hazar, D. (2018). İstanbul’un Çeper Kuşak Gelişim Süreci, [Fringe Belt Development Process of Istanbul]. II. Local Conference of the Network of Urban Morphology (pp. 693-711). Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey.
• TUIK-2018, Turkish Statistical Institute, Demographic Data of Istanbul, https://www.nufusu.com/ilceleri/istanbul-ilceleri-nufusu [Accessed 07.01.2020]
• Turer Baskaya, F. A., & Tekeli, E. Coastline changes and Istanbul coastal landscape. In E. Ozhan (Eds.), Proceedings of the Twelfth International Conference on the Mediterranean Coastal Environment - MEDCOAST'15 (vol.1, pp. 171-182). Varna, Bulgaria.
• van den Bosch, M. (2017). Live long in nature and long live nature!. The Lancet Planetary Health, 1(7), e265-e266.
• World Cities Culture Forum (2015). Ratio of Public Green Spaces Online Resource, http://www.worldcitiescultureforum.com/data/of-public-green-space-parks-and-gardens [Accessed 02.01.2020]
• Yilmaz, M. (2015). Türkiye’de Kırsal Nüfusun Değişimi ve İllere Göre Dağılımı (1980-2012) [Rural Population Distribution and Change in Turkey by Provinces (1980-2012)]. Eastern Geographical Journal, 20(33), 161-188.