Abstract
Glycerol is the main by-product in biodiesel which is produced by transesterification of oil with ethanol or methanol. In recent years, biodiesel production has increased and significant amount of glycerol has been produced as by product. However, only small fraction of glycerol by product is used by industry. Glycerol which is obtained is consumed very little at industry. Therefore, new areas of usage should be found for consuming excess glycerol. . Esterification of glycerol with acetic acid is a promising method to utilize excess glycerol. In this study, sulfosuccinic acid (SSA) loaded chitosan catalytic membrane was prepared and used as catalyst for esterification reaction. The effect of temperatures (60oC, 70oC and 80oC), catalyst concentration (0.5 mmol, 0.75 mmol ve 1 mmol), initial molar ratio of reactants (acid/alcohol=3:1, 6:1 ve 9:1), on conversion were studied in a batch reactor. Higher conversion was obtained by increasing temperature and initial molar ratio of reactants and reaction rate is enhanced by increasing catalyst concentration
References
- Acartürk, F. Reaksiyon Kinetiği ve Stabilite, http://www.e-kutuphane.teb.org.tr/, (Ziyaret tarihi: 23 Temmuz 2012).
- Balaraju, M., Nikhitha, P., Jagadeeswaraiah, K., Srilatha, K., Prasad, P.S. and Lingaiah, N. (2010). Acetylation of Glycerol to Synthesize Bioadditives Over Niobic Acid Supported Tungstophosphoric Acid Catalysts, Fuel Processing Technology 91, 249–253.
- Caetano, C.S., Caiado M., Farinha J., Fonseca I.M., Ramos, A.M., Vital, J., Castanheiro, J.E. (2013). Esterification of Free Fatty Acids Over Chitosan with Sulfonic Acid Groups, Chemical Engineering Journal 230, 567–572.
- Castanheiro, J.E., Ramos, A.M., Fonseca, I.M. and Vital J. (2006). Esterification of Acetic Acid by İsoamylic Alcohol Over Catalytic Membranes of Poly(vinyl alcohol) Containing Sulfonic Acid Groups, Applied Catalysis A. 311, 17–23.
- Çimenler, Ü. (2011). Butil Propiyonat Eldesine Yönelik Esterleşme Reaksiyonunun Amberlite IR-120 Katalizörü Varlığında Pervaporasyon Membran Reaktörde İncelenmesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstanbul, Türkiye: Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi.
- Dioos, B.M.L., Vankelecom, I.F.J. and Jacobsa, P.A., (2006). Aspects of Immobilisation of Catalysts on Polymeric Supports, Advanced Synthesis & Catalysis, 348, 1436-1440.
- Ferreira, P., Fonseca I.M., Ramos, A.M., Vital J. and Castanheiro J.E. (2009). EsteriŞcation of Glycerol with Acetic Acid Over Dodecamolybdophosphoric Acid Encaged in USY Zeolite, Catal. Commun. 10, 481–484.
- Gonçalves, C.E, Laier, L. O., Cardoso, A. L. and Silva, M. J. (2012). Bioadditive Synthesis from H3PW12O40-Catalyzed Glycerol Esterification with HOAc Under Mild Reaction Conditions, Fuel Process. Technol. 102, 46–52.
- Han, X., Hea, Y., Hung, C., Liu, L., Huang, S. and Liu, S. (2013). Efficient and Reusable Polyoxometalate Based Sulfonated İonic Liquid Catalysts for Palmitic Acid Esterification to Biodiesel, Chemical Engineering Science 104, 64–72.
- Liu, Q. L. and Chen, H. F. (2002). Modeling of Esterification of Acetic Acid with n-Butanol in The Presence of Zr(SO4)2.4H2O, Coupled Pervaporation, Journal of Membrane Science 196, 171- 178.
- Shabana, H.I. (1998). Hydrolysis of Ethyl Acetate:a Pervaporation Study, European Polymer Journal, 34, 955–973.
- Trejda, M., Stawicka K., Dubinska A. and Ziolek M. (2012). Development of Niobium Containing Acidic Catalysts for Glycerol EsteriŞcation, Cataliyses Today 187, 129–134.
KİTOSAN/SÜLFOSÜKSİNİK ASİTTEN OLUŞAN KATALİTİK MEMBRAN İLE GLİSEROLÜN ESTERLEŞME REAKSİYONUNUN İNCELENMESİ
Abstract
Gliserol, metanol veya etanolün yağ ile transesterifikasyonu ile üretilen biyodizelin temel yan ürünüdür. Son yıllarda biyodizel üretimindeki artış nedeniyle gliserolün üretimi de hızlı bir artış göstermiştir. Ancak elde edilen gliserolün, çok azı endüstride tüketilmektedir. Bu nedenle gliserolün yeni kullanım alanlarının bulunmasına ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Elde edilen ürünlerin yakıt katkı maddesi olarak kullanılması sebebiyle gliserol ile asetik asitin esterleşme reaksiyonu yan ürün olarak elde edilen fazla gliserolün tüketilmesi için iyi bir alternatif olmaktadır. Bu çalışmada kitosan membranlar farklı sülfosüksinik asit yükleme oranlarında hazırlanmış ve esterleşme reaksiyonu için katalizör olarak kullanılmıştır. Kesikli reaktörde gerçekleştirilecek olan reaksiyonda sıcaklık (60oC, 70oC ve 80oC), başlangıç reaktan mol oranı (asit/alkol=3:1, 6:1 ve 9:1), katalizör miktarı (0.5 mmol, 0.75 mmol ve 1 mmol) gibi parametrelerin reaksiyon dönüşümü üzerine etkisi incelenmiştir. Sıcaklık ve molar besleme oranı arttıkça reaksiyon dönüşümünün arttığı, katalizör miktarı arttıkça reaksiyonun hızlandığı gözlemlenmiştir.
References
- Acartürk, F. Reaksiyon Kinetiği ve Stabilite, http://www.e-kutuphane.teb.org.tr/, (Ziyaret tarihi: 23 Temmuz 2012).
- Balaraju, M., Nikhitha, P., Jagadeeswaraiah, K., Srilatha, K., Prasad, P.S. and Lingaiah, N. (2010). Acetylation of Glycerol to Synthesize Bioadditives Over Niobic Acid Supported Tungstophosphoric Acid Catalysts, Fuel Processing Technology 91, 249–253.
- Caetano, C.S., Caiado M., Farinha J., Fonseca I.M., Ramos, A.M., Vital, J., Castanheiro, J.E. (2013). Esterification of Free Fatty Acids Over Chitosan with Sulfonic Acid Groups, Chemical Engineering Journal 230, 567–572.
- Castanheiro, J.E., Ramos, A.M., Fonseca, I.M. and Vital J. (2006). Esterification of Acetic Acid by İsoamylic Alcohol Over Catalytic Membranes of Poly(vinyl alcohol) Containing Sulfonic Acid Groups, Applied Catalysis A. 311, 17–23.
- Çimenler, Ü. (2011). Butil Propiyonat Eldesine Yönelik Esterleşme Reaksiyonunun Amberlite IR-120 Katalizörü Varlığında Pervaporasyon Membran Reaktörde İncelenmesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstanbul, Türkiye: Yıldız Teknik Üniversitesi.
- Dioos, B.M.L., Vankelecom, I.F.J. and Jacobsa, P.A., (2006). Aspects of Immobilisation of Catalysts on Polymeric Supports, Advanced Synthesis & Catalysis, 348, 1436-1440.
- Ferreira, P., Fonseca I.M., Ramos, A.M., Vital J. and Castanheiro J.E. (2009). EsteriŞcation of Glycerol with Acetic Acid Over Dodecamolybdophosphoric Acid Encaged in USY Zeolite, Catal. Commun. 10, 481–484.
- Gonçalves, C.E, Laier, L. O., Cardoso, A. L. and Silva, M. J. (2012). Bioadditive Synthesis from H3PW12O40-Catalyzed Glycerol Esterification with HOAc Under Mild Reaction Conditions, Fuel Process. Technol. 102, 46–52.
- Han, X., Hea, Y., Hung, C., Liu, L., Huang, S. and Liu, S. (2013). Efficient and Reusable Polyoxometalate Based Sulfonated İonic Liquid Catalysts for Palmitic Acid Esterification to Biodiesel, Chemical Engineering Science 104, 64–72.
- Liu, Q. L. and Chen, H. F. (2002). Modeling of Esterification of Acetic Acid with n-Butanol in The Presence of Zr(SO4)2.4H2O, Coupled Pervaporation, Journal of Membrane Science 196, 171- 178.
- Shabana, H.I. (1998). Hydrolysis of Ethyl Acetate:a Pervaporation Study, European Polymer Journal, 34, 955–973.
- Trejda, M., Stawicka K., Dubinska A. and Ziolek M. (2012). Development of Niobium Containing Acidic Catalysts for Glycerol EsteriŞcation, Cataliyses Today 187, 129–134.
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Journal Section | Articles |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | November 11, 2015 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2015 Volume: 16 Issue: 2 |
