ATMOSPHERIC CONCENTRATIONS OF INORGANIC POLLUTANTS (NO2, SO2 AND OZONE) IN ESKİŞEHİR: SPATIAL AND VERTICAL VARIATIONS, WEEKDAY-WEEKEND DIFFERENCES

Year 2018, Volume: 19 Issue: 2, 523 - 535, 30.06.2018

Özlem Özden Üzmez

https://doi.org/10.18038/aubtda.376520

Cited By: 1

Abstract

Atmospheric
concentrations of inorganic pollutants (NO2, SO2 and
ozone) were measured at three different sampling sites in Eskişehir. Samples
were collected between 25th of March and 8th of April
2016 by using passive sampling method. During two-week sampling study, each week was divided to three sub-periods
to investigate weekday and weekend differences of the pollutant concentrations.
One-time vehicle counts during morning,
noon and evening hours for both weekday and weekend periods were inspected. The
highest NO2 concentrations were measured at the sampling site having
urban, traffic and residential characteristics. Positive relationship between
NO2 concentrations and traffic density was observed. Reverse trend
was determined for ozone. Ozone concentrations were higher at the sampling site
far from the city center. Spatial variations of SO2 concentrations
were similar to those of NO2. Weekday NO2 concentrations
were higher than weekend concentrations while higher ozone concentrations were
observed in weekend. Weekend and weekday SO2 concentrations
were quite similar at all sampling sites. Beside spatial variations, vertical
variations of each pollutant were also investigated. NO2
concentrations decreased with the elevation and reverse case was observed for ozone with increasing concentrations at the same elevation range. SO2 concentrations increased with
the elevation due to chimney gas emissions.

Keywords

NO2, SO2, O3, passive sampling, urban air quality

References

• Cruz LPS, Campos VP, Silva AMC, Tavares TM. A field evaluation of a SO2 passive sampler in tropical industrial and urban air. Atmos Environ 2004; 38: 6425–6429.
• Özden Ö, Döğeroğlu T, Kara S. Assessment of ambient air quality in Eskişehir, Turkey. Environ Int 2008; 34(5): 678-687.
• Huang YK, Luvsan ME, Gombojav E, Ochir C, Bulgan J, Chan CC. Land use patterns and SO2 and NO2 pollution in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. Environ Res 2013; 124: 1–6.
• Krzyscin J, Krizan P, Jarosławski J. Long-term changes in the tropospheric column ozone from the ozone soundings over Europe. Atmos Environ 2007; 41(3): 606-616.
• Kulkarni PS, Bortoli D, Salgado R, Anton M, Costa MJ, Silva AM. Tropospheric ozone variability over the Iberian Peninsula. Atmos Environ 2011; 45(1): 174-182.
• Özbay B, Keskin GA, Doğruparmak ŞÇ, Ayberk S. Predicting tropospheric ozone concentrations in different temporal scales by using multilayer perceptron models. Ecol Inform 2011; 6(3): 242-247.
• Hoque RR, Khillare PS, Agarwal T, Shridhar V, Balachandran S. Spatial and temporal variation of BTEX in the urban atmosphere of Delhi, India. Sci Total Environ 2008; 392: 30-40.
• Yarwood G, Grant J, Koo B, Dunker AM. Modeling weekday to weekend changes in emissions and ozone in the Los Angeles basin for 1997 and 2010. Atmos Environ 2008; 42: 3765–3779.
• Mavroidis I, Chaloulakou A. Long-term trends of primary and secondary NO2 production in the Athens area. Variation of the NO2/NOx ratio. Atmos Environ 2011; 45: 6872-6879.
• Leiva MA, Araya C, Mancilla C, Seguel R, Norris JE. Uncertainty of Ozone Measurements with the Primary Standard Reference Photometer (SRP45). Talanta 2011; 86: 71– 81.
• Seguel RJ, Morales S RGE, Leiva G MA. Ozone weekend effect in Santiago, Chile. Environ Pollut 2012; 162: 72-79.
• De Santis F, Allegrini I, Fazio MC, Pasella DPR. Development of a passive sampling technique for the determination of nitrogen dioxide and sulphur dioxide in ambient air. Anal Chim Acta 1997; 346: 127–134.
• Bertoni G, Tappa R, Allegrini I. The Internal Consistency of the 'Analyst' Diffusive Sampler - A Long-Term Field Test. Chromatographia 2001; 54: 653-657.
• Bush T, Smith S, Stevenson K, Moorcroft S. Validation of nitrogen dioxide diffusion tube methodology in the UK. Atmos Environ 2001; 35: 289–296.
• Buffoni A. Ozone and nitrogen dioxide measurements in the framework of the National Integrated Programme for the Control of Forest Ecosystems (CONECOFOR). J Limnol 2002; 61 (suppl 1): 69–76.
• Namiesnik J, Zabiegala B, Kot-Wasik A, Partyka M, Wasik A. Passive sampling and/or extraction techniques in environmental analysis: a review. Anal Bioanal Chem 2005; 381: 279–301.
• Lin C, Becker S, Timmis R, Jones KC. A new flow–through directional passive air sampler: design, performance and laboratory testing for monitoring ambient nitrogen dioxide. Atmos Pollut Res 2011; 2: 1‐8.
• Gül H, Gaga EO, Döğeroğlu T, Özden Ö, Ayvaz Ö, Özel S, Güngör G. Respiratory health symptoms among students exposed to different levels of air pollution in a Turkish City. Int J Env Res Pub He 2011; 8: 1110-1125.
• Özden Ö, Döğeroğlu T. Performance evaluation of a tailor-made passive sampler for monitoring of Troposheric ozone. Environ Sci Pollut R 2012; 19: 3200-3209.
• Gaga EO, Döğeroğlu T, Özden Ö, Ari A, Yay OD, Altuğ H, Akyol N, Örnektekin S, Van Doorn W. Evaluation of air quality by passive and active sampling in an urban city in Turkey: current status and spatial analysis of air pollution exposure. Environ Sci Pollut R 2012; 19: 3579-3596.
• Demirel G, Özden Ö, Döğeroğlu T, Gaga EO. Personal exposure of primary school children to BTEX, NO2 and Ozone in Eskisehir, Turkey: relationship with indoor/outdoor concentrations and risk assessment. Sci Total Environ 2014; 473-474: 537-548.
• Can E, Özden Üzmez Ö, Döğeroğlu T, Gaga EO. Indoor air quality assessment in painting and printmaking department of a fine arts faculty building. Atmos Pollut Res 2015; 6: 1035-1045.
• Küçükaçıl Artun G, Polat N, Yay OD, Özden Üzmez Ö, Arı A, Tuna Tuygun G, Elbir T, Altuğ H, Dumanoğlu Y, Döğeroğlu T, Dawood A, Odabasi M, Gaga EO. An integrative approach for determination of air pollution and its health effects in a coal fired power plant area by passive sampling. Atmos Environ 2017; 150: 331-345.
• Gorecki T, Namiesnik J. Passive sampling. Trends Anal Chem 2002; 21(4): 276-291.
• Özden Ö. Monitoring of Air Quality by Use of Passive Samplers. Master of Science Thesis, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey, 2005.
• Sadanaga Y, Shibata S, Hamana M, Takenaka N, Bandow H. Weekday/weekend difference of ozone and its precursors in urban areas of Japan, focusing on nitrogen oxides and hydrocarbons. Atmos Environ 2008; 42: 4708–4723.
• Marr LC, Harley RA. Spectral analysis of weekday–weekend differences in ambient ozone, nitrogen oxide, and non-methane hydrocarbon time series in California. Atmos Environ 2002; 36: 2327–2335.
• Qin Y, Tonnesen GS, Wang Z. Weekend/weekday differences of ozone, NOx, CO, VOCs, PM10 and the light scatter during ozone season in southern California. Atmos Environ 2004; 38: 3069–3087.
• Janhall S, Molnar P, Hallquist M. Vertical distribution of air pollutants at the Gustavii Cathedral in Göteborg, Sweden. Atmos Environ 2003; 37: 209–217.
• Andreae MO, Berresheim H, Andreae TW, Kritz MA, Bates TS, Merrill JT. Vertical Distribution of Dimethylsulfide, Sulfur Dioxide, Aerosol Ions, and Radon over the Northeast Pacific Ocean. J Atmos Chem 1988; 6: 149-173.
• Aneja VP, Claiborn CS, Li Z, Murthy A. Trends, Seasonal Variations, and Analysis of High-Elevation Surface Nitric Acid, Ozone, and Hydrogen Peroxide. Atmos Environ 1994; 28(10): 1781-1790.
• Chevalier A, Gheusi F, Delmas R, Ordonez C, Sarrat C, Zbinden R, Thouret V, Athier G, Cousin JM. Influence of altitude on ozone levels and variability in the lower troposphere: a ground-based study for western Europe over the period 2001–2004. Atmos Chem Phys 2007; 7: 4311–4326.