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            <front>

                <journal-meta>
                                                                <journal-id>cbd</journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>Coğrafi Bilimler Dergisi</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                            <issn pub-type="ppub">1303-5851</issn>
                                        <issn pub-type="epub">1308-9765</issn>
                                                                                            <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>Ankara Üniversitesi</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33688/aucbd.1780698</article-id>
                                                                <article-categories>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="en">
                                                            <subject>Economic Geography</subject>
                                                            <subject>Turkish Economic Geography</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="tr">
                                                            <subject>Ekonomik Coğrafya</subject>
                                                            <subject>Türkiye Ekonomik Coğrafyası</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                    </article-categories>
                                                                                                                                                        <title-group>
                                                                                                                        <trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
                                    <trans-title>Clustering in the Footwear Manufacturing Sector in Türkiye: A Study on Spatial Distribution</trans-title>
                                </trans-title-group>
                                                                                                                                                                                                <article-title>Türkiye’de Ayakkabı İmalatı Sektöründe Kümelenme: Mekansal Dağılım Üzerine Bir İnceleme</article-title>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1127-3579</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Kalelioğlu</surname>
                                    <given-names>Mehmet Ragıp</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>Gaziantep University</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                                                <issue>Advanced Online Publication</issue>
                                        <fpage>298</fpage>
                                        <lpage>320</lpage>
                        
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20250909">
                        <day>09</day>
                        <month>09</month>
                        <year>2025</year>
                    </date>
                                                    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="20260326">
                        <day>03</day>
                        <month>26</month>
                        <year>2026</year>
                    </date>
                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 2003, Coğrafi Bilimler Dergisi</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>2003</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>Coğrafi Bilimler Dergisi</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
                            <p>This study examines the spatial clusters, levels of specialization, and patterns in the SME-dominated footwear manufacturing sector in Türkiye. Like many other types of clusters, footwear manufacturing clusters are constantly evolving and restructuring in response to globalization, technological changes, and market dynamics. The study examined employment and value-added parameters in the footwear manufacturing sector for the 2009 and 2019 time series, using Three-Star Analysis supported by Location Quotient Analysis. Clusters were identified, and the spatial distribution was mapped using location-specific information to evaluate patterns across Türkiye. According to the spatial pattern emerging from both analyses, footwear manufacturing clusters are not homogeneously distributed; rather, the sector is specialized and clustered in certain provinces that are traditional industrial centers and the Anatolian Tigers of Türkiye. This spatial pattern provides critical data for local and regional development strategies and lays an important foundation for future research into the reasons for sectoral concentration.</p></trans-abstract>
                                                                                                                                    <abstract><p>Bu çalışma, Türkiye’de KOBİ ağırlıklı ayakkabı imalatı sektöründeki mekansal kümelenmeleri, uzmanlaşma düzeyleri ve örüntülerini incelemektedir. Ayakkabı imalat kümelenmeleri diğer birçok kümelenme tipi gibi küreselleşme, teknolojik değişimler ve pazar dinamikleriyle sürekli olarak evrilmekte ve yeniden yapılanmaktadır. Araştırmada, ayakkabı imalat sektöründe istihdam ve katma değer parametreleri, 2009 ve 2019 zaman serisi için Üç Yıldız Analizi aracılığıyla incelenmiş, Lokasyon Katsayısı analiziyle desteklenmiş; bu kapsamda kümelenme alanları belirlenmiş ve mekansal dağılım haritalandırılarak Türkiye genelindeki örüntüler, mekana özgü bilgilerle değerlendirilmiştir. Her iki analiz sonucunda ortaya çıkan mekansal örüntüye göre, ayakkabı imalat kümelerine dair mekansal örüntünün pek homojen dağılmadığını, sektörün Türkiye’nin geleneksel sanayi merkezleri ve Anadolu Kaplanları niteliğindeki belirli illerde uzmanlaştığını ve kümelenme eğiliminde olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu mekansal örüntü, yerel ve bölgesel kalkınma stratejileri bakımından kritik veriler oluştururken, sektörel yoğunlaşmanın nedenleri üzerine gelecekte yapılacak araştırmalar için önemli bir tartışma zemini oluşturmaktadır.</p></abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                                                        <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>Kümelenme</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Ayakkabı imalatı</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Üç yıldız analizi</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Ekonomik coğrafya</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Türkiye</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                            
                                                <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
                                                    <kwd>Cluster</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Footwear manufacturing</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Three-star analysis</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Economic geography</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Türkiye</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                                                                                                        </article-meta>
    </front>
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