Diagnostic Significance of Chemerin and Chitinase 3-Like Protein 1 Levels in Cholelithiasis

Abstract

Objectives: Cholelithiasis is a common gallbladder disease that refers to the formation of gallstones. In this study, we investigated the relationship between Cholelithiasis and Chitinase 3-like-1 protein (Chi3L1) and Chemerin levels. Materials and Methods: Our study was conducted in 88 individuals, 44 of whom were healthy and 44 of whom had cholelithiasis. Chemerin and Chi3L1 serum levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunsorbent assay-ELISA method. The results were then analyzed using SPSS. Results: When cholelithiasis patient groups were compared with healthy groups, a significant increase was found in Chemerin levels in cholelithiasis patients (6.28-4.68, p<0.001). Chi3L1 concentration values were not statistically different between groups (p=0.460). After receiver operating characteristic analysis, the Chemerin result was statistically significant in predicting disease [p<0.001, area under the curve: 0.795 (0.697-0.893)], Chi3L1 was statistically insignificant in predicting disease. While the difference between the patient and control groups in terms of creatinine,albumin, amylase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma glutamyltransferase, direct bilirubin, sodium, and calcium was statistically significant (p<0.05), the difference between Chi3L1 concentration and creatinine and total protein was statistically significant (p<0.05). Conclusion: Our study suggests that chemerin may be a new biomarker in the diagnosis of cholelithiasis. In addition, since our study has not been done before, it can bring a new perspective to the literature. Key Words: Cholelithiasis, Chemerin, Chitinase 3-Like-1

Keywords

• Cholelithiasis
• Chemerin
• Chitinase 3-Like-1

Kolelitiaziste Kimerin ve Kitinaz 3-Benzeri Protein 1 Düzeylerinin Tanısal Önemi

Abstract

Amaç: Kolelitiazis, toplumda sık görülen ve safra taşı oluşumunu ifade eden bir safra kesesi hastalığıdır. Bu çalışmada, kolelitiazis ile kitinaz 3-benzeri protein 1 (Chi3L1) ve kimerin düzeyleri arasındaki ilişki araştırılmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmamız 44’ü sağlıklı ve 44’ü kolelitiazisli olmak üzere 88 birey üzerinde yürütülmüştür. Kimerin ve Chi3L1 serum düzeyleri enzyme-linked immunsorbent assay-ELISA yöntemi ile ölçülmüştür. Sonuçlar daha sonra SPSS kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Bulgular: Kolelitiazis hasta grupları sağlıklı gruplarla karşılaştırıldığında, kolelitiazis hastalarında kimerin düzeylerinde anlamlı bir artış bulundu (6,28-4,68, p<0,001). Chi3L1 konsantrasyon değerleri gruplar arasında istatistiksel olarak farklı değildi (p=0,460). Alıcı işletim karakteristiğ analizinden sonra, kimerin sonucu hastalığın öngörülmesinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlıydı [p<0,001, eğri altında kalan alan: 0,795 (0,697-0,893)], Chi3L1 hastalığın öngörülmesinde istatistiksel olarak önemsizdi. Hasta ve kontrol grupları arasında kreatinin, albümin, amilaz, alanin aminotransferaz, aspartat aminotransferaz, gama glutamiltransferaz, direkt bilirubin, sodyum ve kalsiyum açısından fark istatistiksel olarak anlamlı iken (p<0,05), Chi3L1 konsantrasyonu ile kreatinin ve total protein arasındaki fark istatistiksel olarak anlamlıydı (p<0,05). Sonuç: Çalışmamız, kimerinin kolelitiazis tanısında yeni bir biyobelirteç olabileceğini düşündürmektedir. Ayrıca çalışmamız daha önce yapılmadığı için literatüre yeni bir bakış açısı getirebilir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Kolelitiazis, Kimerin, Kitinaz Benzeri-3 Protein 1

Keywords

• Kolelitiazis
• Kimerin
• Kitinaz Benzeri-3 Protein 1

References

1. 1. Seddighi S, Ghidari ME, Sadeghi A, et al. Evaluation of the cardiovascular risk in patients with biliary stones: a descriptive cross-sectional study. Gastroenterol Hepatol Bed Bench. 2018;11(Suppl 1):S14-S19.
2. 2. Di Ciaula A, Portincasa P. Recent advances in understanding and managing cholesterol gallstones. F1000Res. 2018;7:F1529.
3. 3. Brighi N, Lamberti G, Maggio I, et al. Biliary stone disease in patients receiving somatostatin analogs for neuroendocrine neoplasms. A retrospective observational study. Dig Liver Dis. 2019;51:689-694.
4. 4. Panpimanmas S, Manmee C. Risk factors for gallstone disease in a Thai population. J Epidemiol. 2009;19:116-121.
5. 5. Chen LY, Qiao QH, Zhang SC, et al. Metabolic syndrome and gallstone disease. World J Gastroenterol. 2012;18:4215-4220.
6. 6. Sun H, Tang H, Jiang S, et al. Gender and metabolic differences of gallstone diseases. World J Gastroenterol. 2009;15:1886-1891.
7. 7. Almario CV, Ballal ML, Chey WD, et al. Burden of Gastrointestinal Symptoms in the United States: Results of a Nationally Representative Survey of Over 71,000 Americans. Am J Gastroenterol. 2018;113:1701-1710.
8. 8. Shaffer EA. Epidemiology and risk factors for gallstone disease: has the paradigm changed in the 21st century? Curr Gastroenterol Rep. 2005;7:132-140.

9. 9. Halldestam I, Enell EL, Kullman E, et al. Development of symptoms and complications in individuals with asymptomatic gallstones. Br J Surg. 2004;91:734-738.
10. 10. İlhan M, İlhan G, Gök AFK, et al. The course and outcomes of complicated gallstone disease in pregnancy: Experience of a tertiary center. Turk J Obstet Gynecol. 2016;13:178-182.
11. 11. Stinton LM, Shaffer EA. Epidemiology of gallbladder disease: cholelithiasis and cancer. Gut Liver. 2012;6:172-187.
12. 12. Gaby AR. Nutritional approaches to prevention and treatment of gallstones. Altern Med Rev. 2009;14:258-267.
13. 13. Paschos P, Paletas K. Non alcoholic fatty liver disease and metabolic syndrome. Hippokratia. 2009;13:9-19.
14. 14. Gurusamy KS, Davidson BR. Gallstones. BMJ. 2014;348:g2669.
15. 15. Figueiredo JC, Haiman C, Porcel J, et al. Sex and ethnic/racial-specific risk factors for gallbladder disease. BMC Gastroenterol. 2017;17:153.
16. 16. Zabel BA, Kwitniewski M, Banas M, et al. Chemerin regulation and role in host defense. Am J Clin Exp Immunol. 2014;3:1-19.
17. 17. Coffman FD. Chitinase 3-Like-1 (CHI3L1): a putative disease marker at the interface of proteomics and glycomics. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci. 2008;45:531- 562.
18. 18. Gonzalez-Ponce F, Gamez-Nava JI, Perez-Guerrero EE, et al. Serum chemerin levels: A potential biomarker of joint inflammation in women with rheumatoid arthritis. PLoS One. 2021;16:e0255854.
19. 19. Haberl EM, Feder S, Pohl R, et al. Chemerin Is Induced in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Hepatitis B-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel). 2020;12:2967.
20. 20. Chang SS, Eisenberg D, Zhao L, et al. Chemerin activation in human obesity. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2016;24:1522-1529.
21. 21. Zdanowicz K, Ryzko J, Bobrus-Chociej A, et al. The role of chemerin in the pathogenesis of cholelithiasis in children and adolescents. J Paediatr Child Health. 2021;57:371-375.
22. 22. Xu CH, Yang Y, Wang YC, et al. Prognostic significance of serum chemerin levels in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Oncotarget. 2017;8:22483-22489.
23. 23. Pankiewicz K, Issat T. Understanding the Role of Chemerin in the Pathophysiology of Pre-Eclampsia. Antioxidants (Basel). 2023;12:830.
24. 24. Hu R, Bulger DA, Griendling KK. Novel role of vascular chemerin in blood vessel tone. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2023;325:H321-H322.
25. 25. Liu R, Han Y, Huang C, et al. Adipocyte-derived chemerin rescues lipid overload-induced cardiac dysfunction. iScience. 2023;26:106495.
26. 26. Ko PW, Lee HW, Lee M, et al. Increased plasma levels of chitinase 3-like 1 (CHI3L1) protein in patients with idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus. J Neurol Sci. 2021;423:117353.
27. 27. Jin X, Fu B, Wu ZJ, et al. Serum chitinase-3-like protein 1 is a biomarker of liver fibrosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B in China. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int. 2020;19:384-389.
28. 28. Hoste EA, Vaara ST, De Loor J, et al. Urinary cell cycle arrest biomarkers and chitinase 3-like protein 1 (CHI3L1) to detect acute kidney injury in the critically ill: a post hoc laboratory analysis on the FINNAKI cohort. Crit Care. 2020;24:144.
29. 29. Huang J, Gu Z, Xu Y, et al. CHI3L1 (Chitinase 3 Like 1) upregulation is associated with macrophage signatures in esophageal cancer. Bioengineered. 2021;12:7882-7892.
30. 30. Cheng SP, Lee JJ, Chang YC, et al. Overexpression of chitinase-3-like protein 1 is associated with structural recurrence in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer. J Pathol. 2020;252:114-124.
31. 31. Pan JJ, Ge YS, Xu GL, et al. The expression of chitinase 3-like 1: a novel prognostic predictor for hepatocellular carcinoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2013;139:1043-1054.
32. 32. Zhu CB, Chen LL, Tian JJ, et al. Elevated serum YKL-40 level predicts poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma after surgery. Ann Surg Oncol. 2012;19:817-825.