Introduction to Effective Connectivity and Analysis Methods: Psychophysiological Interaction and Dynamic Causal Modeling

Abstract

The idea of treating the brain as spatially distributed but functionally connected regions that are in constant communication with each other and transport information has been on the agenda for a long time. Recent advances in technology have also shown their effects on neuroimaging methods, leading to the development of new techniques to understand brain connections. One of these techniques is effective connectivity, which explains the effect that one neuronal system exerts on another so that it can examine the causality between activated brain regions. Although it is generally used in anatomically based predictions, it is often necessary to create a model with structural parameters. After mentioning the purposes of connectivity prior to effective connectivity, dynamic causal modelling and psychophysiological modelling used for effective connectivity will be discussed in this review. It is aimed to explain basic terms and techniques for investigators that interest in neuroimaging.

Keywords

• Effective Connectivity
• Dynamic Causal Modelling
• Psychophysiological Modelling
• Neuroimaging

Etkin Bağlantısallık ve Analiz Yöntemlerine Giriş: Psikofizyolojik Etkileşim ve Dinamik Nedensel Modelleme

Abstract

Beyni mekansal olarak dağılmış ancak birbirleriyle sürekli iletişim halinde olan, bilgi alışverişinde bulunan işlevsel bağlantılı bölgeler olarak ele alma fikri uzun süredir gündemde olan konulardan biridir. Son dönemde teknolojideki gelişmeler etkilerini nörogörüntüleme yöntemlerinde de göstermiş, beynin bağlantılarını anlamak için yeni tekniklerin gelişmesine sebep olmuştur. Bu tekniklerden biri de etkin bağlantısallık olup bir nöronal sistemin diğerine uyguladığı etkiyi açıklar böylece aktive olan beyin bölgeleri arasındaki nedenselliği inceleyebilir. Etkin bağlantısallığın genellikle anatomik temelli tahminlerde kullanılması beraberinde yapısal parametrelerle bir model oluşturulmasına ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Bu derlemede bağlantısallığın amaçları ve etkin bağlantısallık yönteminden bahsedildikten sonra etkin bağlantısallık için kullanılan dinamik nedensel modelleme ve psikofizyolojik modellemeden bahsedilecektir. Nörogörüntüleme çalışmaları ile ilgilenenlere konu hakkında temel terimlerin ve tekniklerin açıklaması amaçlanmıştır.

Keywords

• Kelimeler: Etkin Bağlantısallık
• Dinamik Nedensel Modelleme
• Psikofizyolojik Etkileşim
• Nörogörüntüleme

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