Research Article
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The Regulatory Effects of Magnolia Officinalis Extract on Aging-induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Cardiomyocytes

Year 2022, Volume: 75 Issue: 1, 22 - 27, 30.06.2022

Abstract

Objectives: In this study, it is aimed to examine the protective effect of magnolia extract (ME), a herbal material obtained from Magnolia Officinalis,
which is claimed to have an important role in anti-inflammation, antioxidative stress and antiapoptosis, with increased reactive oxygen species
(ROS) production due to aging and depolarized mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) in cardiomyocytes and its suppressive effect on apoptosis
and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress at the molecular level.

Materials and Methods: In the study, an in vitro aging model was created using rat left ventricular cell line H9c2. H9c2 cells treated with D-galactose
(D-Gal; 50 mg/mL) for 48 hours were incubated with 5 μM ME for 24 hours and their effects on ROS production and MMP depolarization in aged
cardiomyocytes were examined. ROS and MMP measurements were performed under confocal microscopy using fluorescent dyes dichlorofluorescin
diacetate (DCFDA) and carbonyl cyanide-p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone (FCCP). With the ER- stress markers Calregulin and glucose-regulated
protein 78, qRT-PCR measurements of the change in expression of the apoptosis marker equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 after ME treatment
were analyzed.

Results: Incubation of aging-modeled cardiomyocytes with ME provides significant suppression of aging-related ROS production and regulation of
depolarized MMP. In addition, we observed that ER-stress and apoptosis developed by mitochondrial dysfunction were suppressed by ME treatment,
by examining the expressions of stress and apoptosis marker genes.

Conclusion: Our findings show that Magnolia officinalis extract, known for its cardioprotective effects, can be applied as a new treatment approach
in aging-related heart failure by regulating mitochondrion dysfunction that develops uncontrollably with cardiac aging at the functional and
molecular level.

Ethical Statement

Etik Etik Kurul Onayı: Çalışma hücre hattı kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. İnsan ve hayvan deneyi içermemektedir. Bu nedenle etik kurul iznine gerek yoktur. Hakem Değerlendirmesi: Editörler kurulunun dışından olan kişiler tarafından değerlendirilmiştir. Finansal Destek: Bu çalışma herhangi

References

  • 1. Dutta D, Calvani R, Bernabei R, et al. Contribution of impaired mitochondrial autophagy to cardiac aging: mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities. Circ Res. 2012;110:1125-1138.
  • 2. Marzetti E, Wohlgemuth SE, Anton SD, et al. Cellular mechanisms of cardioprotection by calorie restriction: state of the science and future perspectives. Clin Geriatr Med. 2009;25:715-732.
  • 3. Balaban RS, Nemoto S, Finkel T. Mitochondria, oxidants, and aging. Cell. 2005;120:483-495.
  • 4. Judge S, Jang YM, Smith A, et al. Age-associated increases in oxidative stress and antioxidant enzyme activities in cardiac interfibrillar mitochondria: implications for the mitochondrial theory of aging. FASEB J. 2005;19:419-421.
  • 5. Wei YH, Lee HC. Oxidative stress, mitochondrial DNA mutation, and impairment of antioxidant enzymes in aging. Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 2002;227:671-682.
  • 6. Ly JD, Grubb DR, Lawen A. The mitochondrial membrane potential (deltapsi(m)) in apoptosis; an update. Apoptosis. 2003;8:115-128.
  • 7. Durak A, Bitirim CV, Turan B. Titin and CK2α are New Intracellular Targets in Acute Insulin Application-Associated Benefits on Electrophysiological Parameters of Left Ventricular Cardiomyocytes From Insulin-Resistant Metabolic Syndrome Rats. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther. 2020;34:487-501.
  • 8. Essick EE, Sam F. Oxidative stress and autophagy in cardiac disease, neurological disorders, aging and cancer. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2010;3:168- 177.
  • 9. Olgar Y, Tuncay E, Degirmenci S, et al. Ageing-associated increase in SGLT2 disrupts mitochondrial/sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ homeostasis and promotes cardiac dysfunction. J Cell Mol Med. 2020;24:8567-8578.
  • 10. Olgar Y, Degirmenci S, Durak A, et al. Aging related functional and structural changes in the heart and aorta: MitoTEMPO improves aged-cardiovascular performance. Exp Gerontol. 2018;110:172-181.
  • 11. Poivre M, Duez P. Biological activity and toxicity of the Chinese herb Magnolia officinalis Rehder & E. Wilson (Houpo) and its constituents. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B. 2017;18:194-214.
  • 12. Ho JH, Hong CY. Cardiovascular protection of magnolol: cell-type specificity and dose-related effects. J Biomed Sci. 2012;19:70.
  • 13. Sun W, Zhang Z, Chen Q, et al. Magnolia extract (BL153) protection of heart from lipid accumulation caused cardiac oxidative damage, inflammation, and cell death in high-fat diet fed mice. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2014;2014:205849.
  • 14. Hong CY, Huang SS, Tsai SK. Magnolol reduces infarct size and suppresses ventricular arrhythmia in rats subjected to coronary ligation. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 1996;23:660-664.
  • 15. Yuan Y, Zhou X, Wang Y, et al. Cardiovascular Modulating Effects of Magnolol and Honokiol, Two Polyphenolic Compounds from Traditional Chinese Medicine-Magnolia Officinalis. Curr Drug Targets. 2020;21:559- 572.
  • 16. Zhang Z, Chen J, Zhou S, et al. Magnolia bioactive constituent 4-O-methylhonokiol prevents the impairment of cardiac insulin signaling and the cardiac pathogenesis in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. Int J Biol Sci. 2015;11:879-891.
  • 17. Zhang B, Zhai M, Li B, et al. Honokiol Ameliorates Myocardial Ischemia/ Reperfusion Injury in Type 1 Diabetic Rats by Reducing Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis through Activating the SIRT1-Nrf2 Signaling Pathway. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2018;2018:3159801.
  • 18. Zorov DB, Juhaszova M, Sollott SJ. Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ROS-induced ROS release. Physiol Rev. 2014;94:909-950.
  • 19. Li J, Zhang D, Brundel BJJM, et al. Imbalance of ER and Mitochondria Interactions: Prelude to Cardiac Ageing and Disease? Cells. 2019;8:1617.
  • 20. Lesnefsky EJ, Moghaddas S, Tandler B, et al. Mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiac disease: ischemia--reperfusion, aging, and heart failure. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 2001;33:1065-1089.
  • 21. Karbowski M, Kurono C, Wozniak M, et al. Free radical-induced megamitochondria formation and apoptosis. Free Radic Biol Med. 1999;26:396-409.
  • 22. Terman A, Kurz T, Navratil M, et al. Mitochondrial turnover and aging of long-lived postmitotic cells: the mitochondrial-lysosomal axis theory of

Magnolia Officinalis Ekstraktının Kardiyak Yaşlanmada Gözlenen Mitokondri Fonksiyon Bozukluğu Üzerindeki Düzenleyici Etkileri

Year 2022, Volume: 75 Issue: 1, 22 - 27, 30.06.2022

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmada Magnolia Officinalis’ten elde edilen bitkisel bir materyal olan ve anti-enflamasyon, antioksidatif stres ve antiapoptozda önemli
rollere sahip olduğu ileri sürülen magnolia ekstraktının (ME), kardiyomiyositlerde yaşlanmaya bağlı artan reaktif oksijen türleri (ROS) üretimi ve
mitokondri membran potansiyelinin (MMP) depolarize olması ile koruyucu etkisinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, yaşlı
kardiyomiyositlerde bu maddenin apoptoz ve endoplazmik retikulum (ER) stresi üzerindeki baskılayıcı etkisinin hangi biyobelirteçler üzerinden
olduğunun moleküler düzeyde incelenmesi hedeflenmiştir.

Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmada sıçan sol ventrikül hücre hattı H9c2’ler kullanılarak in vitro yaşlanma modeli oluşturulmuştur. D-galaktoz (D-Gal;
50 mg/mL) ile 48-saat muamele edilen H9c2 hücreleri, 18 saat boyunca 5 μM ME ile inkübe edilmiş ve yaşlı kardiyomiyositlerdeki ROS üretimi ve
MMP depolarizasyonuna etkileri incelenmiştir. ROS ve MMP ölçümleri floresans boyalar olan dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFDA) ve carbonyl
cyanide-p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone (FCCP) kullanılarak konfokal mikroskobunda gerçekleştirilmiştir. ER-stresi belirteçleri Calregulin ve
glucose-regulated protein 78 ve apoptoz belirteci olarak ise dengeleyici nükleosit taşıyıcı 1 ifadesindeki ME muamelesi sonrasındaki değişim qRTPCR
ölçümleri ile analiz edilmiştir.

Bulgular: Yaşlanma modeli oluşturulmuş kardiyomiyositlerin, ME ile inkübasyonu yaşlanmaya bağlı artan ROS üretiminin belirgin şekilde
baskılanmasına, depolarize olan MMP’nin normal değerlere dönmesine neden olmuştur. Ayrıca, mitokondri fonksiyon bozukluğu ile gelişen ER-stres
ve apoptozun ME muamelesi ile baskılandığı ve bu etkinin altında yatan nedenler arasında oksidatif stres ve apoptoz belirteç genlerinin ifadelerinin
normal değerlere doğru iyileştiği gözlenmiştir.

Sonuç: Çalışma bulguları, kalp koruyucu etkileri bilinen magnolia officinalis ekstraktının kalp yaşlanması ile kontrolsüz olarak gelişen mitokondri
fonksiyon bozukluğunu fonksiyonel ve moleküler düzeyde düzenleyerek yaşlanmaya bağlı artan kalp yetmezliğinde yeni bir tedavi yaklaşımı olarak
uygulanabileceğini işaret etmektedir.

Ethical Statement

Etik Etik Kurul Onayı: Çalışma hücre hattı kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. İnsan ve hayvan deneyi içermemektedir. Bu nedenle etik kurul iznine gerek yoktur. Hakem Değerlendirmesi: Editörler kurulunun dışından olan kişiler tarafından değerlendirilmiştir. Finansal Destek: Bu çalışma herhangi

References

  • 1. Dutta D, Calvani R, Bernabei R, et al. Contribution of impaired mitochondrial autophagy to cardiac aging: mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities. Circ Res. 2012;110:1125-1138.
  • 2. Marzetti E, Wohlgemuth SE, Anton SD, et al. Cellular mechanisms of cardioprotection by calorie restriction: state of the science and future perspectives. Clin Geriatr Med. 2009;25:715-732.
  • 3. Balaban RS, Nemoto S, Finkel T. Mitochondria, oxidants, and aging. Cell. 2005;120:483-495.
  • 4. Judge S, Jang YM, Smith A, et al. Age-associated increases in oxidative stress and antioxidant enzyme activities in cardiac interfibrillar mitochondria: implications for the mitochondrial theory of aging. FASEB J. 2005;19:419-421.
  • 5. Wei YH, Lee HC. Oxidative stress, mitochondrial DNA mutation, and impairment of antioxidant enzymes in aging. Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 2002;227:671-682.
  • 6. Ly JD, Grubb DR, Lawen A. The mitochondrial membrane potential (deltapsi(m)) in apoptosis; an update. Apoptosis. 2003;8:115-128.
  • 7. Durak A, Bitirim CV, Turan B. Titin and CK2α are New Intracellular Targets in Acute Insulin Application-Associated Benefits on Electrophysiological Parameters of Left Ventricular Cardiomyocytes From Insulin-Resistant Metabolic Syndrome Rats. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther. 2020;34:487-501.
  • 8. Essick EE, Sam F. Oxidative stress and autophagy in cardiac disease, neurological disorders, aging and cancer. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2010;3:168- 177.
  • 9. Olgar Y, Tuncay E, Degirmenci S, et al. Ageing-associated increase in SGLT2 disrupts mitochondrial/sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ homeostasis and promotes cardiac dysfunction. J Cell Mol Med. 2020;24:8567-8578.
  • 10. Olgar Y, Degirmenci S, Durak A, et al. Aging related functional and structural changes in the heart and aorta: MitoTEMPO improves aged-cardiovascular performance. Exp Gerontol. 2018;110:172-181.
  • 11. Poivre M, Duez P. Biological activity and toxicity of the Chinese herb Magnolia officinalis Rehder & E. Wilson (Houpo) and its constituents. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B. 2017;18:194-214.
  • 12. Ho JH, Hong CY. Cardiovascular protection of magnolol: cell-type specificity and dose-related effects. J Biomed Sci. 2012;19:70.
  • 13. Sun W, Zhang Z, Chen Q, et al. Magnolia extract (BL153) protection of heart from lipid accumulation caused cardiac oxidative damage, inflammation, and cell death in high-fat diet fed mice. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2014;2014:205849.
  • 14. Hong CY, Huang SS, Tsai SK. Magnolol reduces infarct size and suppresses ventricular arrhythmia in rats subjected to coronary ligation. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 1996;23:660-664.
  • 15. Yuan Y, Zhou X, Wang Y, et al. Cardiovascular Modulating Effects of Magnolol and Honokiol, Two Polyphenolic Compounds from Traditional Chinese Medicine-Magnolia Officinalis. Curr Drug Targets. 2020;21:559- 572.
  • 16. Zhang Z, Chen J, Zhou S, et al. Magnolia bioactive constituent 4-O-methylhonokiol prevents the impairment of cardiac insulin signaling and the cardiac pathogenesis in high-fat diet-induced obese mice. Int J Biol Sci. 2015;11:879-891.
  • 17. Zhang B, Zhai M, Li B, et al. Honokiol Ameliorates Myocardial Ischemia/ Reperfusion Injury in Type 1 Diabetic Rats by Reducing Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis through Activating the SIRT1-Nrf2 Signaling Pathway. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2018;2018:3159801.
  • 18. Zorov DB, Juhaszova M, Sollott SJ. Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ROS-induced ROS release. Physiol Rev. 2014;94:909-950.
  • 19. Li J, Zhang D, Brundel BJJM, et al. Imbalance of ER and Mitochondria Interactions: Prelude to Cardiac Ageing and Disease? Cells. 2019;8:1617.
  • 20. Lesnefsky EJ, Moghaddas S, Tandler B, et al. Mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiac disease: ischemia--reperfusion, aging, and heart failure. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 2001;33:1065-1089.
  • 21. Karbowski M, Kurono C, Wozniak M, et al. Free radical-induced megamitochondria formation and apoptosis. Free Radic Biol Med. 1999;26:396-409.
  • 22. Terman A, Kurz T, Navratil M, et al. Mitochondrial turnover and aging of long-lived postmitotic cells: the mitochondrial-lysosomal axis theory of
There are 22 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Haematology
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Ceylan Verda Bitirim 0000-0002-7979-0679

Publication Date June 30, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 75 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Bitirim, C. V. (2022). The Regulatory Effects of Magnolia Officinalis Extract on Aging-induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Cardiomyocytes. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası, 75(1), 22-27. https://doi.org/10.4274/atfm.galenos.2021.98698
AMA Bitirim CV. The Regulatory Effects of Magnolia Officinalis Extract on Aging-induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Cardiomyocytes. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası. June 2022;75(1):22-27. doi:10.4274/atfm.galenos.2021.98698
Chicago Bitirim, Ceylan Verda. “The Regulatory Effects of Magnolia Officinalis Extract on Aging-Induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Cardiomyocytes”. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası 75, no. 1 (June 2022): 22-27. https://doi.org/10.4274/atfm.galenos.2021.98698.
EndNote Bitirim CV (June 1, 2022) The Regulatory Effects of Magnolia Officinalis Extract on Aging-induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Cardiomyocytes. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası 75 1 22–27.
IEEE C. V. Bitirim, “The Regulatory Effects of Magnolia Officinalis Extract on Aging-induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Cardiomyocytes”, Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası, vol. 75, no. 1, pp. 22–27, 2022, doi: 10.4274/atfm.galenos.2021.98698.
ISNAD Bitirim, Ceylan Verda. “The Regulatory Effects of Magnolia Officinalis Extract on Aging-Induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Cardiomyocytes”. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası 75/1 (June2022), 22-27. https://doi.org/10.4274/atfm.galenos.2021.98698.
JAMA Bitirim CV. The Regulatory Effects of Magnolia Officinalis Extract on Aging-induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Cardiomyocytes. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası. 2022;75:22–27.
MLA Bitirim, Ceylan Verda. “The Regulatory Effects of Magnolia Officinalis Extract on Aging-Induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Cardiomyocytes”. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası, vol. 75, no. 1, 2022, pp. 22-27, doi:10.4274/atfm.galenos.2021.98698.
Vancouver Bitirim CV. The Regulatory Effects of Magnolia Officinalis Extract on Aging-induced Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Cardiomyocytes. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası. 2022;75(1):22-7.