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Effect of Exhaustive Exercise on Liver Regeneration in an Experimental Partial Hepatectomy Model

Year 2021, Volume: 74 Issue: 1, 97 - 103, 30.04.2021

Abstract

Objectives: To investigate the results of exhaustive exercise on hepatocyte hyperplasia in an animal experiment consisting of partial hepatectomy.

Materials and Methods: The experimental study was conducted with 24 Wistar Albino rats weighing between 225 and 275. Whereas exhaustive exercise was performed twice after 70% hepatectomy in the experimental group (n=12); the control group (n=12) did not perform an exercise. Then, rats underwent total hepatectomy 72 hours after partial hepatectomy. Groups were compared in terms of regeneration index, regenerative changes in hepatocytes, mitosis, and Ki-67 staining levels.

Results: The groups were similar at baseline (at the time of 70% liver resection) regarding regenerative changes, mitosis count, and Ki-67. Regeneration index after exercise were 2.02±0.40 in the experimental group; and 2.42±0.21 in the control group (p=0.007). There was no difference between the groups in terms of regenerative scores (p=0.842) and Ki-67 staining (p=0.200) measured after total hepatectomy. However, mitosis was lower in the experimental group than the control group (11.5 vs. 26.0; p=0.010).

Conclusion: It was showed that effect of exhaustive exercise on liver regeneration is negative according to mitosis count and liver mass increase but did not affect histologic changes of regeneration and Ki-67 staining. Blood tests and detailed immunohistochemical studies may reveal mechanisms of effect of exercise on liver cell hyperplasia and its potential clinical benefits.

Ethical Statement

Üniversitesi Hayvan Deneyleri Yerel Etik Kurulu’ndan onay alınmıştır (karar numarası: 2010- 99-358).

Supporting Institution

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Project Number

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Thanks

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References

  • 1. Taub R. Liver regeneration: from myth to mechanism. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2004;5:836-847.
  • 2. Preziosi ME, Monga SP. Update on the Mechanisms of Liver Regeneration. Semin Liver Dis. 2017;37:141-151.
  • 3. Wang FS, Fan JG, Zhang Z, et al. The global burden of liver disease: the major impact of China. Hepatology. 2014;60:2099-2108.
  • 4. Koniaris LG, McKillop IH, Schwartz SI, et al. Liver regeneration. J Am Coll Surg. 2003;197:634-659.
  • 5. Fausto N, Campbell JS, Riehle KJ. Liver regeneration. Hepatology. 2006;43:45-53.
  • 6. Mastellos DC, Deangelis RA, Lambris JD. Inducing and characterizing liver regeneration in mice: Reliable models, essential “readouts” and critical perspectives. Curr Protoc Mouse Biol. 2013;3:141-170.
  • 7. Andersen KJ, Knudsen AR, Kannerup AS, et al. The natural history of liver regeneration in rats: description of an animal model for liver regeneration studies. Int J Surg. 2013;11:903-908.
  • 8. Higgins GM, Anderson RM, Higgins G, et al. Experimental pathology of the liver: Restoration of the liver of the white rat following partial surgical removal. AMA Arch pathol. 1931;12:186-202.
  • 9. Gandra PG, Valente RH, Perales J, et al. Proteomic analysis of rat skeletal muscle submitted to one bout of incremental exercise. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2012;22:207-216.
  • 10. Sasanuma H, Mortensen FV, Knudsen AR, et al. Increased liver regeneration rate and decreased liver function after synchronous liver and colon resection in rats. Ann Surg Innov Res. 2009;3:16.
  • 11. Marshak A, Walker AC. MITOSIS IN REGENERATING LIVER. Science. 1945;101:94-95.
  • 12. Tannuri AC, Tannuri U, Coelho MC, et al. Experimental models of hepatectomy and liver regeneration using newborn and weaning rats. Clinics (Sao Paulo). 2007;62:757-762.
  • 13. Gerlach C, Sakkab DY, Scholzen T, et al. Ki-67 expression during rat liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy. Hepatology. 1997;26:573-578.
  • 14. Marongiu F, Marongiu M, Contini A, et al. Hyperplasia vs hypertrophy in tissue regeneration after extensive liver resection. World J Gastroenterol. 2017;23:1764-1770.
  • 15. Klaas M, Kangur T, Viil J, et al. The alterations in the extracellular matrix composition guide the repair of damaged liver tissue. Sci Rep. 2016;6:27398.
  • 16. Moolten FL, Bucher NL. Regeneration of rat liver: transfer of humoral agent by cross circulation. Science. 1967;158:272-274.
  • 17. van der Windt DJ, Sud V, Zhang H, et al. The Effects of Physical Exercise on Fatty Liver Disease. Gene Expr. 2018;18:89-101.
  • 18. Nieman DC. Current perspective on exercise immunology. Curr Sports Med Rep. 2003;2:239-242.
  • 19. Terra R, da Silva SAG, Pinto VS, et al. Effect of exercise on immune system: response, adaptation and cell signaling. Rev Bras Med Esporte. 2012;18:208- 214.
  • 20. Pedersen BK, Febbraio MA. Muscle as an endocrine organ: focus on musclederived interleukin-6. Physiol Rev. 2008;88:1379-1406.
  • 21. Pedersen BK, Fischer CP. Physiological roles of muscle-derived interleukin-6 in response to exercise. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2007;10:265-271.
  • 22. Nieman DC, Davis JM, Henson DA, et al. Carbohydrate ingestion influences skeletal muscle cytokine mRNA and plasma cytokine levels after a 3-h run. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2003;94:1917-1925.
  • 23. Czarkowska-Paczek B, Bartlomiejczyk I, Przybylski J. The serum levels of growth factors: PDGF, TGF-beta and VEGF are increased after strenuous physical exercise. J Physiol Pharmacol. 2006;57:189-197.
  • 24. Rowsey PJ, Metzger BL, Carlson J, et al. Long-term exercise training selectively alters serum cytokines involved in fever. Biol Res Nurs. 2009;10:374-380.
  • 25. Radák Z, Asano K, Inoue M, et al. Superoxide dismutase derivative prevents oxidative damage in liver and kidney of rats induced by exhausting exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol. 1996;72:189-194.
  • 26. Linecker M, Frick L, Kron P, et al. Exercise Improves Outcomes of Surgery on Fatty Liver in Mice: A Novel Effect Mediated by the AMPK Pathway. Ann Surg. 2020;271:347-355.

Deneysel Parsiyel Hepatektomi Modelinde Yorucu Egzersizin Karaciğer Rejenerasyonu Üzerine Etkisi

Year 2021, Volume: 74 Issue: 1, 97 - 103, 30.04.2021

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışmada amacımız yorucu egzersizin karaciğer rejenerasyonu üzerine etkisini parsiyel hepatektomi yapılan bir hayvan modeli üzerinde incelemektir.

Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmaya ağırlıkları 225-275 g olan 24 Wistar albino sıçan dahil edildi. Deney grubuna (n=12) %70 hepatektomiden sonra iki defa yorucu egzersiz yaptırılırken; kontrol grubuna (n=12) herhangi bir egzersiz yaptırılmadı. Ardından deneklerin hepsinde parsiyel hepatektominin 72 saat sonrasında remnant karaciğerin rezeksiyonu gerçekleştirildi. Gruplar rejenerasyon indeksi, histopatolojik incelemede gözlenen rejeneratif değişiklikler, Ki-67 boyanma yoğunlukları ve mitoz sayısı açısından karşılaştırıldı.

Bulgular: Gruplar, parsiyel hepatektomi ile elde edilen örneklerde yapılan incelemede rejeneratif değişiklikler benzer bulundu. Ki-67 boyanma yoğunluğu ve mitoz sayıları yönünden de gruplar arasında anlamlı farklılık saptanmadı. Egzersiz sonrasında sıçanların rejenerasyon indeksleri deney grubunda 1,93±0,34; kontrol grubunda ise 2,42±0,21 olarak hesaplandı (p=0,001). Gruplar arasında total hepatektomi sonrasında ölçülen rejeneratif değişiklik puanları (p=0,842) ve Ki-67 boyanma yoğunlukları (p=0,200) bakımından istatistiksel fark saptanmadı. Ancak mitoz sayıları, kontrol grubuna göre deney grubunda daha düşük olarak hesaplandı (11,5’e karşı 26,0; p=0,010).

Sonuç: Bu sonuçlar ışığında yorucu egzersizin modelinde oluşturulan karaciğer rejenerasyonu hızını mitoz sayısı ve kütle artışı parametreleri bakımından olumsuz etkilediği, rejeneratif değişiklikler ve Ki-67 boyaması bakımından ise anlamlı olarak etkilemediği belirlendi. Konuyla ilgili daha detaylı plazma incelemeleri ve immünohistokimyasal analizler yapılarak daha nesnel ve daha geniş kapsamlı ve keskin sonuçlar sağlamak için ve farklı egzersiz yöntemleriyle egzersizin etkilerini ortaya koymak için konuyla ilgili daha ileri araştırmalar gerekmektedir.

Ethical Statement

Üniversitesi Hayvan Deneyleri Yerel Etik Kurulu’ndan onay alınmıştır (karar numarası: 2010- 99-358).

Supporting Institution

-

Project Number

-

Thanks

-

References

  • 1. Taub R. Liver regeneration: from myth to mechanism. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2004;5:836-847.
  • 2. Preziosi ME, Monga SP. Update on the Mechanisms of Liver Regeneration. Semin Liver Dis. 2017;37:141-151.
  • 3. Wang FS, Fan JG, Zhang Z, et al. The global burden of liver disease: the major impact of China. Hepatology. 2014;60:2099-2108.
  • 4. Koniaris LG, McKillop IH, Schwartz SI, et al. Liver regeneration. J Am Coll Surg. 2003;197:634-659.
  • 5. Fausto N, Campbell JS, Riehle KJ. Liver regeneration. Hepatology. 2006;43:45-53.
  • 6. Mastellos DC, Deangelis RA, Lambris JD. Inducing and characterizing liver regeneration in mice: Reliable models, essential “readouts” and critical perspectives. Curr Protoc Mouse Biol. 2013;3:141-170.
  • 7. Andersen KJ, Knudsen AR, Kannerup AS, et al. The natural history of liver regeneration in rats: description of an animal model for liver regeneration studies. Int J Surg. 2013;11:903-908.
  • 8. Higgins GM, Anderson RM, Higgins G, et al. Experimental pathology of the liver: Restoration of the liver of the white rat following partial surgical removal. AMA Arch pathol. 1931;12:186-202.
  • 9. Gandra PG, Valente RH, Perales J, et al. Proteomic analysis of rat skeletal muscle submitted to one bout of incremental exercise. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2012;22:207-216.
  • 10. Sasanuma H, Mortensen FV, Knudsen AR, et al. Increased liver regeneration rate and decreased liver function after synchronous liver and colon resection in rats. Ann Surg Innov Res. 2009;3:16.
  • 11. Marshak A, Walker AC. MITOSIS IN REGENERATING LIVER. Science. 1945;101:94-95.
  • 12. Tannuri AC, Tannuri U, Coelho MC, et al. Experimental models of hepatectomy and liver regeneration using newborn and weaning rats. Clinics (Sao Paulo). 2007;62:757-762.
  • 13. Gerlach C, Sakkab DY, Scholzen T, et al. Ki-67 expression during rat liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy. Hepatology. 1997;26:573-578.
  • 14. Marongiu F, Marongiu M, Contini A, et al. Hyperplasia vs hypertrophy in tissue regeneration after extensive liver resection. World J Gastroenterol. 2017;23:1764-1770.
  • 15. Klaas M, Kangur T, Viil J, et al. The alterations in the extracellular matrix composition guide the repair of damaged liver tissue. Sci Rep. 2016;6:27398.
  • 16. Moolten FL, Bucher NL. Regeneration of rat liver: transfer of humoral agent by cross circulation. Science. 1967;158:272-274.
  • 17. van der Windt DJ, Sud V, Zhang H, et al. The Effects of Physical Exercise on Fatty Liver Disease. Gene Expr. 2018;18:89-101.
  • 18. Nieman DC. Current perspective on exercise immunology. Curr Sports Med Rep. 2003;2:239-242.
  • 19. Terra R, da Silva SAG, Pinto VS, et al. Effect of exercise on immune system: response, adaptation and cell signaling. Rev Bras Med Esporte. 2012;18:208- 214.
  • 20. Pedersen BK, Febbraio MA. Muscle as an endocrine organ: focus on musclederived interleukin-6. Physiol Rev. 2008;88:1379-1406.
  • 21. Pedersen BK, Fischer CP. Physiological roles of muscle-derived interleukin-6 in response to exercise. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2007;10:265-271.
  • 22. Nieman DC, Davis JM, Henson DA, et al. Carbohydrate ingestion influences skeletal muscle cytokine mRNA and plasma cytokine levels after a 3-h run. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2003;94:1917-1925.
  • 23. Czarkowska-Paczek B, Bartlomiejczyk I, Przybylski J. The serum levels of growth factors: PDGF, TGF-beta and VEGF are increased after strenuous physical exercise. J Physiol Pharmacol. 2006;57:189-197.
  • 24. Rowsey PJ, Metzger BL, Carlson J, et al. Long-term exercise training selectively alters serum cytokines involved in fever. Biol Res Nurs. 2009;10:374-380.
  • 25. Radák Z, Asano K, Inoue M, et al. Superoxide dismutase derivative prevents oxidative damage in liver and kidney of rats induced by exhausting exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol. 1996;72:189-194.
  • 26. Linecker M, Frick L, Kron P, et al. Exercise Improves Outcomes of Surgery on Fatty Liver in Mice: A Novel Effect Mediated by the AMPK Pathway. Ann Surg. 2020;271:347-355.
There are 26 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects General Surgery
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Elvan Onur Kırımker 0000-0002-9890-9540

Süleyman Utku Çelik This is me 0000-0002-1570-6327

Seyit Mehmet Sadık Ersöz This is me 0000-0002-6706-5170

Mehmet Kaan Karayalçın This is me 0000-0002-8133-8040

Project Number -
Publication Date April 30, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 74 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Kırımker, E. O., Çelik, S. U., Ersöz, S. M. S., Karayalçın, M. K. (2021). Effect of Exhaustive Exercise on Liver Regeneration in an Experimental Partial Hepatectomy Model. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası, 74(1), 97-103. https://doi.org/10.4274/atfm.galenos.2020.53824
AMA Kırımker EO, Çelik SU, Ersöz SMS, Karayalçın MK. Effect of Exhaustive Exercise on Liver Regeneration in an Experimental Partial Hepatectomy Model. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası. April 2021;74(1):97-103. doi:10.4274/atfm.galenos.2020.53824
Chicago Kırımker, Elvan Onur, Süleyman Utku Çelik, Seyit Mehmet Sadık Ersöz, and Mehmet Kaan Karayalçın. “Effect of Exhaustive Exercise on Liver Regeneration in an Experimental Partial Hepatectomy Model”. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası 74, no. 1 (April 2021): 97-103. https://doi.org/10.4274/atfm.galenos.2020.53824.
EndNote Kırımker EO, Çelik SU, Ersöz SMS, Karayalçın MK (April 1, 2021) Effect of Exhaustive Exercise on Liver Regeneration in an Experimental Partial Hepatectomy Model. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası 74 1 97–103.
IEEE E. O. Kırımker, S. U. Çelik, S. M. S. Ersöz, and M. K. Karayalçın, “Effect of Exhaustive Exercise on Liver Regeneration in an Experimental Partial Hepatectomy Model”, Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası, vol. 74, no. 1, pp. 97–103, 2021, doi: 10.4274/atfm.galenos.2020.53824.
ISNAD Kırımker, Elvan Onur et al. “Effect of Exhaustive Exercise on Liver Regeneration in an Experimental Partial Hepatectomy Model”. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası 74/1 (April2021), 97-103. https://doi.org/10.4274/atfm.galenos.2020.53824.
JAMA Kırımker EO, Çelik SU, Ersöz SMS, Karayalçın MK. Effect of Exhaustive Exercise on Liver Regeneration in an Experimental Partial Hepatectomy Model. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası. 2021;74:97–103.
MLA Kırımker, Elvan Onur et al. “Effect of Exhaustive Exercise on Liver Regeneration in an Experimental Partial Hepatectomy Model”. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası, vol. 74, no. 1, 2021, pp. 97-103, doi:10.4274/atfm.galenos.2020.53824.
Vancouver Kırımker EO, Çelik SU, Ersöz SMS, Karayalçın MK. Effect of Exhaustive Exercise on Liver Regeneration in an Experimental Partial Hepatectomy Model. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası. 2021;74(1):97-103.