Spondylolisthesis: Etiology, Diagnosis, Clinical Features and Treatment

Abstract

Spondylolisthesis is anterior or posterior shift according to the vertebrae to which a vertebrate is associated. It is confronted as a broad clinical spectrum ranging from simple mechanical back pain to progressive neurological deficits and radiological findings. Prevalence is 3-6% and male/ female ratio is 2. The diagnosis of spondylolisthesis is almost always made with direct radiographs. Computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), other radiological diagnostic methods such as bone scintigraphy are also used in diagnosis or follow-up. Conservative treatment includes activity restriction, rehabilitation of abdominal and paraspinal muscles and hyperlordotic rigid bracing. The main goal is to reduce pain, strengthen the core of the muscles and to provide complete lumber motion. Surgical treatment is usually performed in patients who do not respond to conservative treatment. We aimed to review current literature regarding the etiology, diagnosis, clinical features and treatment of spondylolisthesis.

Keywords

• Spondylolisthesis
• Anterolisthesis
• Classification
• Treatment
• Exercise

Spondilolistezis: Etiyoloji, Tanı, Klinik Özellikler ve Tedavi

Abstract

Spondilolistezis, bir vertebranın ilişkili olduğu vertebraya göre öne veya arkaya kaymasıdır. Basit mekanik bel ağrısından, ilerleyici nörolojik defisit ve radyolojik bulgulara kadar değişen geniş bir klinik spektrum olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Prevalansı %3-6 arasında ve erkek/kadın oranı: 2’dir. Spondilolistezisin tanısı hemen her zaman direkt grafiler ile konulur. Bilgisayarlı tomografi (BT), manyetik rezonans görüntüleme (MRG) ve ayrıca kemik sintigrafi gibi diğer radyolojik tanısal yöntemler tanı veya izlemde kullanılmaktadır. Konservatif tedavi aktivite kısıtlaması, abdominal ve paraspinal kaslarının rehabilitasyonu ve hiperlordotik rijid korselemeyi içerir. Tedavide ana hedef; ağrıyı azaltmak, lomber eklem hareket açıklığını tamamlamasının sağlamak ve kor kaslarını güçlendirmektir. Cerrahi tedavi genelllikle konservatif tedaviye cevap vermeyen hastalara uygulanır. Bu derlemede; spondilolistezis etiyolojisi, tanısı, klinik özellikleri ve tedavisine ilişkin güncel literatürün gözden geçirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.

Keywords

• Spondilolistezis
• Anterolistezis
• Sınıflandırma
• Tedavi
• Egzersiz

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