Patient with Kaposi Sarcoma and Myelodysplastic Syndrome

Abstract

Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is an angioproliferative disorder that requires infection with human herpes virus 8 (HHV-8). KS is classified into four types: classic, endemic, posttransplantation and epidemic. Classic Kaposi sarcoma (CKS) affects men more often than women; the reported male to female ratio is approximately 3:1. KS has three histological stages: patch, plaque and nodular. The myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) comprise a heterogeneous group of malignant hematopoietic stem cell disorders characterized by dysplastic and ineffective blood cell production and a variable risk of transformation to acute leukemia. In literature data, we could cite only two report that described KS and MDS. We aimed to discuss the treatment of a patient with CS and MDS.

Keywords

• Kaposi Sarcoma
• Myelodysplastic Syndrome
• İnterferon Alpha

Kaposi Sarkomu ve Myelodisplastik Sendromu Birlikteliği Olan Nadir Bir Olgu

Abstract

Kaposi sarkomu (KS), human herpes virüs 8 (HHV-8) ile ilişkili anjiyoproliferatif bir hastalıktır. KS’nin klasik, endemik, posttransplant ve epidemik olmak üzere dört çeşidi vardır. Klasik KS erkekleri kadınlardan daha çok etkiler ve bildirilen erkek-kadın oranı yaklaşık 3: 1’dir. KS’nin patch, plak ve nodüler olmak üzere üç histolojik evresi vardır. Miyelodisplastik sendrom (MDS), displaz, inefektif eritropoez ve akut lösemiye dönüşüm ile karakterize, heterojen malign hematopoyetik kök hücre bozukluğudur. Bildiğimiz kadarıyla literatürde 2 tane KS ve MDS birlikteliği olan olgu bildirilmiştir. Bizde takip ettiğimiz KS ve MDS birlikteliği olan bir hastanın tedavisini güncel literatür eşliğinde tartışmak istedik.

Keywords

• Kaposi Sarkomu
• Myelodisplastik Sendrom
• İnterferon Alfa

References

1. 1. Gao SJ, Kingsley L, Hoover DR, et al. Seroconversion to antibodies against Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus-related latent nuclear antigens before the development of Kaposi’s sarcoma. N Engl J Med. 1996;335:233.
2. 2. Iscovich J, Boffetta P, Winkelmann R, et al. Classic Kaposi’s sarcoma in Jewsliving in Israel, 1961-1989: a population-based incidence study. AIDS. 1998;12:2067.
3. 3. Cattani P, Cerimele F, Porta D, et al. Age -specific seroprevalence of Human Herpesvirus 8 in Mediterranean regions. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2003;9:274.
4. 4. MartinRW III, Hood AF, Farmer ER, et al. Kaposi sarcoma. Medicine (Baltimore). 1993;72:245–261.
5. 5. Gilliland GD, Dunbar EC. Myelodysplastic syndromes. In:Blood. Principles and Practice of Hemathology. Ed:Handin I R et al, second edition, Lippincott Williams &Wilkins, Philadelphia, 2003; pp355-377.
6. 6. Pamuk GE, Aydoğdu E, Turgut B, et al. The simultaneous diagnosis of Kaposi sarcoma and MDS RAEB-II in a human immuno deficiency virus-negative patient. Ann Hematol. 2009;88:389–391.
7. 7. Tombuloglu M, Keskin A, Tobu M, et al. Kaposi’s sarcoma in the juvenile myelodysplastic syndrome. Acta Oncol. 1995;34:263-264.
8. 8. Hiatt KM, Nelson AM, Lichy JH, et al. Classic Kaposi Sarcoma in the United States over the last two decades: a clinicopathologic and molecular study of 438 non-HIV-related Kaposi Sarcoma patients with comparison to HIVrelated Kaposi Sarcoma. Mod Pathol. 2008;21:572.

9. 9. Grayson W, Pantanowitz L. Histological variants of cutaneous Kaposi sarcoma. Diagn Pathol. 2008;3:31.
10. 10. Toschi E, Sgadari C, Monini P, et al. Treatment of Kaposi’s sarcoma—an update. Anticancer Drugs. 2002;13:977–987.
11. 11. Weintraub CM, Skudowitz RB. Excision of 1,674 classic Kaposi’s sarcomas. S Afr J Surg. 2002;40:80.
12. 12. Odom RB, Goette DK. Treatment of cutaneous Kaposi’s sarcoma with intralesional vincristine. Arch Dermatol. 1978;114:1693.
13. 13. Krown SE. AIDS-associated Kaposi’s sarcoma: is there stil a role for interferon alfa? Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 2007;18:395.
14. 14. Brambilla L, Recalcati S, Tourlaki A. Vinorelbine therapy in classic Kaposi’s sarcoma: a retrospective study of 20 patients. Eur J Dermatol. 2015;25:535.
15. 15. Castiñeiras I, Almagro M, Rodríguez-Lozano J, et al. Disseminated classic Kaposi’s sarcoma. Two cases with excellent response to pegylated liposomal doxorubicin. J Dermatolog Treat. 2006;17:377.
16. 16. Dogu MH, Sari I, Hacioglu S, et al. Two rare diagnoses during chronic lymphocytic leukaemia follow-up: Kaposi’s sarcoma and Merkel cell carcinoma. Scott Med J. 2016;61:60-63.
17. 17. Menezes N, Moreira N, Mota G, et al. Kaposi’s sarcoma arising in a patient with chronic myelomonocytic leukaemia. Acta Med Port. 2010;23:259-262.