Ovülasyon İndüksiyonunda Ek Ajanlar

Yavuz Emre Şükür; Korhan Kahraman; Cem Somer Atabekoğlu

Systematic Reviews and Meta Analysis

Ovülasyon İndüksiyonunda Ek Ajanlar

Year 2016, Volume: 69 Issue: 3, 217 - 222, 31.12.2016

Yavuz Emre Şükür , Korhan Kahraman Cem Somer Atabekoğlu

Abstract

Despite all advancement in ovarian stimulation programmes and laboratory techniques, the success of assisted reproductive techniques remains limited. Today, theprimary stimulating agents adopted as standard are clomiphene citrate and gonadotrophins. In some patients treated with stimulation protocols using those two
agents, adequate follicular development cannot be maintained or adequate amount and/or quality of oocytes cannot be achieved. Hence, development of somealternative treatment strategies in assisted reproductive technologies has been needed. Nowadays, those treatment methods are used in anovulatory infertilepatients and poor responders. Some additional agents are used in those patients in order to increase the amount and quality of achieved oocytes while decreasing treatment costs. In this sense, the best known additional agents are metformin, aromatase inhibitors, dehydrepiandrosterone, androgens, growth hormone, corticosteroids, and antioxidants.

Keywords

Aromatase inhibitors , Metformin , Ovulation Induction , Assisted Reproductive Technologies

Supporting Institution

Project Number

Thanks

References

1. Nestler JE, Jakubowicz DJ, Evans WS, et al. Effects of metformin on spontaneous and clomiphene-induced ovulation in the polycystic ovary syndrome. N Engl J Med 1998; 25; 338: 1876-1880.
2. Vandermolen DT, Ratts VS, Evans WS, et al. Metformin increases the ovulatory rate and pregnancy rate from clomiphene citrate in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome who are resistant to clomiphene citrate alone. Fertil Steril. 2001 ;75:310-315.
3. Batukan C, Baysal B. Metformin improves ovulation and pregnancy rates in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2001; 265: 124-127.
4. Kocak M, Caliskan E, Simsir C, et al. Metformin therapy improves ovulatory rates, cervical scores, and pregnancy rates in clomiphene citrate-resistant women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril. 2002; 77: 101-106.
5. Sturrock ND, Lannon B, Fay TN. Metformin does not enhance ovulation induction in clomiphene resistant polycystic ovary syndrome in clinical practice. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2002; 53: 469-473.
6. Moll E, Bossuyt PM, Korevaar JC, et al. Effect of clomifene citrate plus metformin and clomifene citrate plus placebo on induction of ovulation in women with newly diagnosed polycystic ovary syndrome: randomised double blind clinical trial. BMJ 2006; 332: 1485.
7. Tang T, Lord JM, Norman RJ, et al. Insulin-sensitising drugs (metformin, rosiglitazone, pioglitazone, D-chiro-inositol) for women with polycystic ovary syndrome, oligo amenorrhoea and subfertility. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2010; 20: CD003053.
8. Creanga AA, Bradley HM, McCormick C, et al. Use of metformin in polycystic ovary syndrome: a meta-analysis. Obstet Gynecol 2008; 111: 959-968.
9. De Leo V, la Marca A, Ditto A, et al. Effects of metformin on gonadotropininduced ovulation in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril 1999; 72: 282-285.
10. Palomba S, Falbo A, Orio F jr, et al. A randomized controlled trial evaluating metformin pretreatment and co-administration in nonobese insulin-resistant women with polycystic ovary syndrome treated with controlled ovarian hyperstimulation plus timed intercourse or intra-uterine insemination. Hum Reprod 2005; 20: 2879-2886.
11. Stadtmauer LA, Toma SK, Riehl RM, et al.Impact of metformin therapy on ovarian stimulation and outcome in ‘coasted’ patients with polycystic ovary syndrome undergoing in-vitro fertilization. Reprod Biomed Online 2002; 5: 112-116.
12. Tso LO, Costello MF, Albuquerque LE, et al. Metformin treatment before and during IVF or ICSI in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2014; 11: CD006105.
13. Pritts EA. Letrozole for ovulation induction and controlled ovarian hyperstimulation. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 2010; 22:289-294.
14. Mitwally MF, Casper RF. Use of an aromatase inhibitor for induction ofovulation in patients with an inadequate response to clomiphene citrate. Fertil Steril 2001; 75: 305-309.
15. Franik S, Kremer JA, Nelen WL, et al. Aromatase inhibitors for subfertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2014; 2: CD10287.
16. Mitwally MF, Casper RF. Aromatase inhibition improves ovarian response to follicle-stimulating hormone in poor responders. Fertil Steril. 2002; 77: 776-780.
17. Yarali H, Esinler I, Polat M, et al. Antagonist/letrozole protocol in poor ovarian responders for intracytoplasmic sperm injection: a comparative study with the microdose flare-up protocol. Fertil Steril 2009; 92: 231-235.
18. Verpoest WM, Kolibianakis E, Papanikolaou E, et al. Aromatase inhibitors in ovarian stimulation for IVF/ICSI: a pilot study. Reprod Biomed Online 2006; 13: 166-172.
19. Garcia-Velasco JA, Moreno L, Pacheco A, et al. The aromatase inhibitor letrozole increases the concentration of intraovarian androgens and improves in vitro fertilization outcome in low responder patients: a pilot study. Fertil Steril 2005; 84: 82-87.
20. Ozmen B, Sönmezer M, Atabekoglu CS, et al. Use of aromatase inhibitors in poorresponder patients receiving GnRH antagonist protocols. Reprod Biomed Online 2009;19: 478-485.
21. Oktay K, Hourvitz A, Sahin G, et al. Letrozole reduces östrojen and gonadotropin exposure in women with breast cancer undergoing ovarian stimulation before chemotherapy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2006; 91: 3885-3890.
22. Bider D, Blankstein J, Levron J, et al. Gonadotropins and glucocorticoid therapy for "low responders"--a controlled study. J Assist Reprod Genet 1997; 14: 328-331.
23. Daly DC, Walters CA, Soto-Albors CE, et al. A randomized study of dexamethasone in ovulation induction with clomiphene citrate. Fertil Steril 1984; 41: 844-848.
24. Trott EA, Plouffe L Jr, Hansen K, et al. Ovulation induction in clomiphene-resistant anovulatory women with normal dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate levels: beneficial effects of the addition of dexamethasone during the follicular phase. Fertil Steril 1996; 66: 484-486.
25. Brown J, Farquhar C, Beck J, et al. Clomiphene and anti-oöstrojens for ovulation induction in PCOS. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2009; 4: CD002249.
26. Keay SD, Lenton EA, Cooke ID, et al. Hum Reprod 2001; 16: 1861-1865.
27. Mamas L, Mamas E. Dehydroepiandrosterone supplementation in assisted reproduction: rationale and results. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 2009; 21: 306-308.
28. Casson PR, Lindsay MS, Pisarska MD, et al. Dehydroepiandrosterone supplementation augments ovarian stimulation in poor responders: a case series. Hum Reprod 2000; 15: 2129-2132.
29. Barad DH, Gleicher N. Increased oocyte production after treatment with dehydroepiandrosterone. Fertil Steril 2005; 84: 756.
30. Barad D, Gleicher N. Effect of dehydroepiandrosterone on oocyte and embryo yields, embryo grade and cell number in IVF. Hum Reprod 2006; 21: 2845-2849.
31. Zangmo R, Singh N, Kumar S, et al. Role of dehydroepiandrosterone in improving oocyte and embryo quality in IVF cycles. Reprod Biomed Online 2014; 28: 743-747.
32. Barad D, Brill H, Gleicher N. Update on the use of dehydroepiandrosterone supplementation among women with diminished ovarian function. J Asist Reprod Genet 2007; 24: 629-634.
33. Sönmezer M, Ozmen B, Cil AP, et al. Dehydroepiandrosterone supplementation improves ovarian response and cycle outcome in poor responders. Reprod Biomed Online 2009; 19: 508-513.
34. Gleicher N, Ryan E, Weghofer A, et al. Miscarriage rates after dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) supplementation in women with diminished ovarian reserve: a case control study. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2009; 7: 108.
35. Mamas L, Mamas E. Premature ovarian failure and dehydroepiandrosterone. Fertil Steril 2009; 91: 644-646.
36. Gleicher N, Weghofer A, Barad DH. Improvement in diminished ovarian reserve after dehydroepiandrosterone supplementation. Reprod Biomed Online 2010; 21: 360-365.
37. Nagels HE, Rishworth JR, Siristatidis CS, et al. Androgens (dehydroepiandrosterone or testosterone) for women undergoing assisted reproduction. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2015; 11: CD009749.
38. Weil S, Vendola K, Zhou J, et al. Androgen and follicle-stimulating hormone interactions in primate ovarian follicle development. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999; 84: 2951-2956.
39. Zeleznik AJ, Littler-Ihrig L, Ramasawamy S. Administration of dihydrotestosterone to rhesus monkeys inhibits gonadotropinstimulated ovarian steroidogenesis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004; 89: 860-866.
40. Vendola KA, Zhou J, Adesanya OO, et al. Androgens stimulate early stages of follicular growth in the primate ovary. J Clin Invest 1998; 101: 2622-2629.
41. Balasch J, Fábregues F, Peñarrubia J, et al. Pretreatment with transdermal testosterone may improve ovarian response to gonadotrophins in poor-responder IVF patients with normal basal concentrations of FSH. Hum Reprod 2006; 21: 1884-1893.
42. Fábregues F, Peñarrubia J, Creus M, et al. Transdermal testosterone may improve ovarian response to gonadotrophins in low-responder IVF patients: a randomized, clinical trial. Hum Reprod 2009; 24: 349-359.
43. Massin N, Cedrin-Durnerin I, Coussieu C, et al. Effects of transdermal testosterone application on the ovarian response to FSH in poor responders undergoing assisted reproduction technique--a prospective, randomized, double-blind study. Hum Reprod 2006; 21: 1204-1211.
44. Sipe CS, Thomas MR, Stegmann BJ, et al. Effects of exogenous testosterone supplementation in gonadotrophin stimulated cycles. Hum Reprod 2010; 25: 690-696.
45. González-Comadran M, Durán M, Solà I, et al. Effects of transdermal testosterone in poor responders undergoing IVF: systematic review and meta-analysis. Reprod Biomed Online 2012; 25: 450-459.
46. Adashi EY, Resnick CE, D’Ercole AJ et al. Insulin-like growth factors as intraovarian regulators of granulosa cell growth and function. Endocr Rev 1985;6: 400-420.
47. Yoshimura Y, AndoM, Nagamatsu S, et al. Effects of insulin-like growth factor-I on follicle growth, oocyte maturation, and ovarian steroidogenesis and plasminogen activator activity in the rabbit. Biology of Reproduction 1996; 55: 152-160
48. MasonHD, MartikainenH, Beard RW, et al. Direct gonadotrophic effect of growth hormone on oestradiol production by human granulosa cell in vitro. Journal of Endocrinology 1990; 126: R1-R2.
49. Harper K, Proctor M, Hughes E. Growth hormone for in vitro fertilization. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2003; 3: CD000099.
50. Tesarik J, Hazout A, Mendoza C. Improvement of delivery and live birth rates after ICSI in women aged >40 years by ovarian costimulation with growth hormone. Hum Reprod 2005; 20: 2536-2541.
51. Kucuk T, Kozinoglu H, Kaba A. Growth hormone co-treatment within a GnRH agonist long protocol in patients with poor ovarian response: a prospective, randomized, clinical trial. J Assist Reprod Genet 2008; 25: 123-127.
52. Hazout A, Junca A, Ménézo Y, et al. Effect of growth hormone on oocyte competence in patients with multiple IVF failures. Reprod Biomed Online 2009; 18: 664-670.
53. Lattes K, Brassesco M, Gomez M, et al. Low-dose growth hormone supplementation increases clinical pregnancy rate inpoor responders undergoing in vitro fertilisation. Gynecol Endocrinol 2015 Jul 21: 1-4. [Epub ahead of print]
54. Agarwal A, Gupta S, Sharma R. Oxidative stress and its implications in female infertility - a clinician's perspective. Reprod Biomed Online 2005; 11: 641-650.
55. Carbone MC, Tatone C, Delle Monache S, et al. Antioxidant enzymatic defences in human follicular fluid: characterization and age-dependent changes. Mol Hum Reprod 2003; 9: 639-643.
56. Polak G, Kozioł-Montewka M, Tarkowski R, et al. Glutathione peroxidase concentration in the peritoneal fluid from infertilewomen Ginekol Pol 2000; 71: 1017-1021.
57. Liu Y, Luo L, Zhao H. Levels of lipid peroxides and superoxide dismutase in peritoneal fluid of patients with endometriosis. J Tongji Med Univ 2001; 21: 166-167.
58. Bedaiwy MA, Mahfouz RZ, Goldberg JM, et al. Relationship of reactive oxygen species levels in day 3 culture media to the outcome of in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycles. Fertil Steril 2010; 94: 2037-2042.
59. Ozkaya MO, Nazıroğlu M. Multivitamin and mineral supplementation modulates oxidative stress and antioxidant vitamin levels in serum and follicular fluid of women undergoing in vitro fertilization. Fertil Steril 2010; 94: 2465-2466.
60. Mehendale SS, Kilari Bams AS, Deshmukh CS, et al. Oxidative stress-mediated essential polyunsaturated fatty acid alterations in female infertility. Hum Fertil (Camb) 2009; 12: 28-33.
61. Velthut A, Zilmer M, Zilmer K, et al. Elevated blood plasma antioxidant status is favourable for achieving IVF/ICSI pregnancy. Reprod Biomed Online 2013; 26: 345-352

Ovülasyon İndüksiyonunda Ek Ajanlar

Year 2016, Volume: 69 Issue: 3, 217 - 222, 31.12.2016

Yavuz Emre Şükür , Korhan Kahraman Cem Somer Atabekoğlu

Abstract

Ovaryen stimülasyon programlarında ve laboratuar tekniklerinde sağlanan tüm gelişmelere rağmen, yardımlı üreme tekniklerinin başarısı günümüzde hala sınırlıdır. Günümüzde standart olarak kabul edilen temel stimülan ajanlar klomifen sitrat ve gonadotropinlerdir. Bu iki ajanın kullanıldığı stimülasyon protokollerinde bazı hastalarda yeterli folikül gelişimi sağlanamamakta veya yeterli sayıda ve/veya kalitede oosit elde edilememektedir. Bu nedenle, yardımlı üreme tekniklerinde alternatif bazı tedavi stratejilerinin geliştirilmesine gerek duyulmuştur. Bu tedaviler günümüzde yaygın olarak anovulatuar infertil ve kötü over yanıtı gösteren hastalarda kullanılmaktadır. Bu hastalarda hem elde edilen oositin sayısını ve kalitesini arttırmak için hem de tedavi maliyetini düşürmek için bazı ek ajanlar kullanılmaktadır. Bu bağlamda, bu ajanlardan en iyi bilinenleri metformin, aromataz inhibitörleri, dehidroepiandrosteron, androjenler, büyüme hormonu, kortikosteroidler ve antioksidanlardır.

Keywords

Aromataz İnhibitörleri , Metformin , Ovülasyon İndüksiyonu , Yardımlı Üreme Teknikleri

Project Number

References

1. Nestler JE, Jakubowicz DJ, Evans WS, et al. Effects of metformin on spontaneous and clomiphene-induced ovulation in the polycystic ovary syndrome. N Engl J Med 1998; 25; 338: 1876-1880.
2. Vandermolen DT, Ratts VS, Evans WS, et al. Metformin increases the ovulatory rate and pregnancy rate from clomiphene citrate in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome who are resistant to clomiphene citrate alone. Fertil Steril. 2001 ;75:310-315.
3. Batukan C, Baysal B. Metformin improves ovulation and pregnancy rates in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2001; 265: 124-127.
4. Kocak M, Caliskan E, Simsir C, et al. Metformin therapy improves ovulatory rates, cervical scores, and pregnancy rates in clomiphene citrate-resistant women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril. 2002; 77: 101-106.
5. Sturrock ND, Lannon B, Fay TN. Metformin does not enhance ovulation induction in clomiphene resistant polycystic ovary syndrome in clinical practice. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2002; 53: 469-473.
6. Moll E, Bossuyt PM, Korevaar JC, et al. Effect of clomifene citrate plus metformin and clomifene citrate plus placebo on induction of ovulation in women with newly diagnosed polycystic ovary syndrome: randomised double blind clinical trial. BMJ 2006; 332: 1485.
7. Tang T, Lord JM, Norman RJ, et al. Insulin-sensitising drugs (metformin, rosiglitazone, pioglitazone, D-chiro-inositol) for women with polycystic ovary syndrome, oligo amenorrhoea and subfertility. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2010; 20: CD003053.
8. Creanga AA, Bradley HM, McCormick C, et al. Use of metformin in polycystic ovary syndrome: a meta-analysis. Obstet Gynecol 2008; 111: 959-968.
9. De Leo V, la Marca A, Ditto A, et al. Effects of metformin on gonadotropininduced ovulation in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril 1999; 72: 282-285.
10. Palomba S, Falbo A, Orio F jr, et al. A randomized controlled trial evaluating metformin pretreatment and co-administration in nonobese insulin-resistant women with polycystic ovary syndrome treated with controlled ovarian hyperstimulation plus timed intercourse or intra-uterine insemination. Hum Reprod 2005; 20: 2879-2886.
11. Stadtmauer LA, Toma SK, Riehl RM, et al.Impact of metformin therapy on ovarian stimulation and outcome in ‘coasted’ patients with polycystic ovary syndrome undergoing in-vitro fertilization. Reprod Biomed Online 2002; 5: 112-116.
12. Tso LO, Costello MF, Albuquerque LE, et al. Metformin treatment before and during IVF or ICSI in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2014; 11: CD006105.
13. Pritts EA. Letrozole for ovulation induction and controlled ovarian hyperstimulation. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 2010; 22:289-294.
14. Mitwally MF, Casper RF. Use of an aromatase inhibitor for induction ofovulation in patients with an inadequate response to clomiphene citrate. Fertil Steril 2001; 75: 305-309.
15. Franik S, Kremer JA, Nelen WL, et al. Aromatase inhibitors for subfertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2014; 2: CD10287.
16. Mitwally MF, Casper RF. Aromatase inhibition improves ovarian response to follicle-stimulating hormone in poor responders. Fertil Steril. 2002; 77: 776-780.
17. Yarali H, Esinler I, Polat M, et al. Antagonist/letrozole protocol in poor ovarian responders for intracytoplasmic sperm injection: a comparative study with the microdose flare-up protocol. Fertil Steril 2009; 92: 231-235.
18. Verpoest WM, Kolibianakis E, Papanikolaou E, et al. Aromatase inhibitors in ovarian stimulation for IVF/ICSI: a pilot study. Reprod Biomed Online 2006; 13: 166-172.
19. Garcia-Velasco JA, Moreno L, Pacheco A, et al. The aromatase inhibitor letrozole increases the concentration of intraovarian androgens and improves in vitro fertilization outcome in low responder patients: a pilot study. Fertil Steril 2005; 84: 82-87.
20. Ozmen B, Sönmezer M, Atabekoglu CS, et al. Use of aromatase inhibitors in poorresponder patients receiving GnRH antagonist protocols. Reprod Biomed Online 2009;19: 478-485.
21. Oktay K, Hourvitz A, Sahin G, et al. Letrozole reduces östrojen and gonadotropin exposure in women with breast cancer undergoing ovarian stimulation before chemotherapy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2006; 91: 3885-3890.
22. Bider D, Blankstein J, Levron J, et al. Gonadotropins and glucocorticoid therapy for "low responders"--a controlled study. J Assist Reprod Genet 1997; 14: 328-331.
23. Daly DC, Walters CA, Soto-Albors CE, et al. A randomized study of dexamethasone in ovulation induction with clomiphene citrate. Fertil Steril 1984; 41: 844-848.
24. Trott EA, Plouffe L Jr, Hansen K, et al. Ovulation induction in clomiphene-resistant anovulatory women with normal dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate levels: beneficial effects of the addition of dexamethasone during the follicular phase. Fertil Steril 1996; 66: 484-486.
25. Brown J, Farquhar C, Beck J, et al. Clomiphene and anti-oöstrojens for ovulation induction in PCOS. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2009; 4: CD002249.
26. Keay SD, Lenton EA, Cooke ID, et al. Hum Reprod 2001; 16: 1861-1865.
27. Mamas L, Mamas E. Dehydroepiandrosterone supplementation in assisted reproduction: rationale and results. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 2009; 21: 306-308.
28. Casson PR, Lindsay MS, Pisarska MD, et al. Dehydroepiandrosterone supplementation augments ovarian stimulation in poor responders: a case series. Hum Reprod 2000; 15: 2129-2132.
29. Barad DH, Gleicher N. Increased oocyte production after treatment with dehydroepiandrosterone. Fertil Steril 2005; 84: 756.
30. Barad D, Gleicher N. Effect of dehydroepiandrosterone on oocyte and embryo yields, embryo grade and cell number in IVF. Hum Reprod 2006; 21: 2845-2849.
31. Zangmo R, Singh N, Kumar S, et al. Role of dehydroepiandrosterone in improving oocyte and embryo quality in IVF cycles. Reprod Biomed Online 2014; 28: 743-747.
32. Barad D, Brill H, Gleicher N. Update on the use of dehydroepiandrosterone supplementation among women with diminished ovarian function. J Asist Reprod Genet 2007; 24: 629-634.
33. Sönmezer M, Ozmen B, Cil AP, et al. Dehydroepiandrosterone supplementation improves ovarian response and cycle outcome in poor responders. Reprod Biomed Online 2009; 19: 508-513.
34. Gleicher N, Ryan E, Weghofer A, et al. Miscarriage rates after dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) supplementation in women with diminished ovarian reserve: a case control study. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2009; 7: 108.
35. Mamas L, Mamas E. Premature ovarian failure and dehydroepiandrosterone. Fertil Steril 2009; 91: 644-646.
36. Gleicher N, Weghofer A, Barad DH. Improvement in diminished ovarian reserve after dehydroepiandrosterone supplementation. Reprod Biomed Online 2010; 21: 360-365.
37. Nagels HE, Rishworth JR, Siristatidis CS, et al. Androgens (dehydroepiandrosterone or testosterone) for women undergoing assisted reproduction. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2015; 11: CD009749.
38. Weil S, Vendola K, Zhou J, et al. Androgen and follicle-stimulating hormone interactions in primate ovarian follicle development. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1999; 84: 2951-2956.
39. Zeleznik AJ, Littler-Ihrig L, Ramasawamy S. Administration of dihydrotestosterone to rhesus monkeys inhibits gonadotropinstimulated ovarian steroidogenesis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004; 89: 860-866.
40. Vendola KA, Zhou J, Adesanya OO, et al. Androgens stimulate early stages of follicular growth in the primate ovary. J Clin Invest 1998; 101: 2622-2629.
41. Balasch J, Fábregues F, Peñarrubia J, et al. Pretreatment with transdermal testosterone may improve ovarian response to gonadotrophins in poor-responder IVF patients with normal basal concentrations of FSH. Hum Reprod 2006; 21: 1884-1893.
42. Fábregues F, Peñarrubia J, Creus M, et al. Transdermal testosterone may improve ovarian response to gonadotrophins in low-responder IVF patients: a randomized, clinical trial. Hum Reprod 2009; 24: 349-359.
43. Massin N, Cedrin-Durnerin I, Coussieu C, et al. Effects of transdermal testosterone application on the ovarian response to FSH in poor responders undergoing assisted reproduction technique--a prospective, randomized, double-blind study. Hum Reprod 2006; 21: 1204-1211.
44. Sipe CS, Thomas MR, Stegmann BJ, et al. Effects of exogenous testosterone supplementation in gonadotrophin stimulated cycles. Hum Reprod 2010; 25: 690-696.
45. González-Comadran M, Durán M, Solà I, et al. Effects of transdermal testosterone in poor responders undergoing IVF: systematic review and meta-analysis. Reprod Biomed Online 2012; 25: 450-459.
46. Adashi EY, Resnick CE, D’Ercole AJ et al. Insulin-like growth factors as intraovarian regulators of granulosa cell growth and function. Endocr Rev 1985;6: 400-420.
47. Yoshimura Y, AndoM, Nagamatsu S, et al. Effects of insulin-like growth factor-I on follicle growth, oocyte maturation, and ovarian steroidogenesis and plasminogen activator activity in the rabbit. Biology of Reproduction 1996; 55: 152-160
48. MasonHD, MartikainenH, Beard RW, et al. Direct gonadotrophic effect of growth hormone on oestradiol production by human granulosa cell in vitro. Journal of Endocrinology 1990; 126: R1-R2.
49. Harper K, Proctor M, Hughes E. Growth hormone for in vitro fertilization. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2003; 3: CD000099.
50. Tesarik J, Hazout A, Mendoza C. Improvement of delivery and live birth rates after ICSI in women aged >40 years by ovarian costimulation with growth hormone. Hum Reprod 2005; 20: 2536-2541.
51. Kucuk T, Kozinoglu H, Kaba A. Growth hormone co-treatment within a GnRH agonist long protocol in patients with poor ovarian response: a prospective, randomized, clinical trial. J Assist Reprod Genet 2008; 25: 123-127.
52. Hazout A, Junca A, Ménézo Y, et al. Effect of growth hormone on oocyte competence in patients with multiple IVF failures. Reprod Biomed Online 2009; 18: 664-670.
53. Lattes K, Brassesco M, Gomez M, et al. Low-dose growth hormone supplementation increases clinical pregnancy rate inpoor responders undergoing in vitro fertilisation. Gynecol Endocrinol 2015 Jul 21: 1-4. [Epub ahead of print]
54. Agarwal A, Gupta S, Sharma R. Oxidative stress and its implications in female infertility - a clinician's perspective. Reprod Biomed Online 2005; 11: 641-650.
55. Carbone MC, Tatone C, Delle Monache S, et al. Antioxidant enzymatic defences in human follicular fluid: characterization and age-dependent changes. Mol Hum Reprod 2003; 9: 639-643.
56. Polak G, Kozioł-Montewka M, Tarkowski R, et al. Glutathione peroxidase concentration in the peritoneal fluid from infertilewomen Ginekol Pol 2000; 71: 1017-1021.
57. Liu Y, Luo L, Zhao H. Levels of lipid peroxides and superoxide dismutase in peritoneal fluid of patients with endometriosis. J Tongji Med Univ 2001; 21: 166-167.
58. Bedaiwy MA, Mahfouz RZ, Goldberg JM, et al. Relationship of reactive oxygen species levels in day 3 culture media to the outcome of in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycles. Fertil Steril 2010; 94: 2037-2042.
59. Ozkaya MO, Nazıroğlu M. Multivitamin and mineral supplementation modulates oxidative stress and antioxidant vitamin levels in serum and follicular fluid of women undergoing in vitro fertilization. Fertil Steril 2010; 94: 2465-2466.
60. Mehendale SS, Kilari Bams AS, Deshmukh CS, et al. Oxidative stress-mediated essential polyunsaturated fatty acid alterations in female infertility. Hum Fertil (Camb) 2009; 12: 28-33.
61. Velthut A, Zilmer M, Zilmer K, et al. Elevated blood plasma antioxidant status is favourable for achieving IVF/ICSI pregnancy. Reprod Biomed Online 2013; 26: 345-352

There are 61 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language	English
Subjects	Obstetrics and Gynaecology
Journal Section	Systematic Reviews and Meta Analysis
Authors	Yavuz Emre Şükür 0000-0003-0815-3522 Korhan Kahraman This is me 0000-0002-2210-8034 Cem Somer Atabekoğlu 0000-0003-0264-0709
Project Number	-
Publication Date	December 31, 2016
Published in Issue	Year 2016 Volume: 69 Issue: 3

Cite

APA	Şükür, Y. E., Kahraman, K., & Atabekoğlu, C. S. (2016). Ovülasyon İndüksiyonunda Ek Ajanlar. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası, 69(3), 217-222.
AMA	Şükür YE, Kahraman K, Atabekoğlu CS. Ovülasyon İndüksiyonunda Ek Ajanlar. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası. December 2016;69(3):217-222.
Chicago	Şükür, Yavuz Emre, Korhan Kahraman, and Cem Somer Atabekoğlu. “Ovülasyon İndüksiyonunda Ek Ajanlar”. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası 69, no. 3 (December 2016): 217-22.
EndNote	Şükür YE, Kahraman K, Atabekoğlu CS (December 1, 2016) Ovülasyon İndüksiyonunda Ek Ajanlar. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası 69 3 217–222.
IEEE	Y. E. Şükür, K. Kahraman, and C. S. Atabekoğlu, “Ovülasyon İndüksiyonunda Ek Ajanlar”, Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası, vol. 69, no. 3, pp. 217–222, 2016.
ISNAD	Şükür, Yavuz Emre et al. “Ovülasyon İndüksiyonunda Ek Ajanlar”. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası 69/3 (December2016), 217-222.
JAMA	Şükür YE, Kahraman K, Atabekoğlu CS. Ovülasyon İndüksiyonunda Ek Ajanlar. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası. 2016;69:217–222.
MLA	Şükür, Yavuz Emre et al. “Ovülasyon İndüksiyonunda Ek Ajanlar”. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası, vol. 69, no. 3, 2016, pp. 217-22.
Vancouver	Şükür YE, Kahraman K, Atabekoğlu CS. Ovülasyon İndüksiyonunda Ek Ajanlar. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası. 2016;69(3):217-22.

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