Research Article
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Family-Centeredness of Special Education and Rehabilitation Services for Young Children with Special Needs in Türkiye

Year 2025, Volume: 78 Issue: 1, 33 - 41, 31.03.2025

Abstract

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the family-centeredness of early childhood special education and rehabilitation services and assess families’ satisfaction with these services.

Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study included 3-36 months-old children with special needs and their families who have been followed up at Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Developmental Pediatrics between 2014-2017 and receiving early intervention services for at least 3 months. The “Early Childhood Development Support Services Evaluation Scale” assessed the family-centeredness of these services.

Results: A hundred and one children were included in the study. The median age of the children was 33 months, and 51.5% were male. Neurological disorders were present in 45.5%, and genetic disorders in 35.6%. Developmental evaluations showed 68.3% of children had special needs in expressive language, 64.4% in gross motor skills, and 62.4% in receptive language. At least half of the families rated the centers as “inadequate” on at least half of the scale. However, despite this, more than half of the families reported high satisfaction in terms of “completely finding what they were looking for”, “choosing the institution again”, and “recommending it to others.

Conclusion: This study showed that, despite finding the early intervention services for young children with special needs in Türkiye to be inadequate regarding family-centeredness, the families remain generally satisfied. This study is significant in guiding efforts to develop family-centered early intervention services and enhancing families’ awareness and demands in this area, particularly in Türkiye and other similar low- and middle-income countries.

Ethical Statement

Ethics Committee Approval: The research has received approval from the Ethics Committee of Ankara University Faculty mof Medicine (decision number: I2-701-17, date: 24.07.2017). Informed Consent: All participants have signed the informed consent form and approved the study

Supporting Institution

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Project Number

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Thanks

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References

  • 1. Foster CC, Chorniy A, Kwon S, et al. Children with special health care needs and forgone family employment. Pediatrics. 2021;148:e2020035378.
  • 2. Kuhlthau KA, Bloom S, Van Cleave J, et al. Evidence for family-centered mcare for children with special health care needs: a systematic review. Acad Pediatr. 2011;11:136-143.
  • 3 Bamm EL, Rosenbaum P. Family-centered theory: origins, development, barriers, and supports to implementation in rehabilitation medicine. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2008;89:1618-1624.
  • 4. Cunningham BJ, Rosenbaum PL. Measure of processes of care: a review of 20 years of research. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2014;56:445-452.
  • 5. McPherson M, Arango P, Fox H, et al. A new definition of children with special health care needs. Pediatrics. 1998;102(1 Pt 1):137-140.
  • 6. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). CDC’s work on developmental disabilities. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/ environmental-health-tracking/php/data-research/developmentaldisabilities.html Accessed March, 11, 2025.
  • 7. Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu. Sağlık Araştırması, 2020. [Internet]. Available from: mhttps://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Istatistiklerle-Cocuk-2020-37228 Accessed May 29, 2022.
  • 8. Khajeh M, Dehghan Nayeri N, Bahramnezhad F, et al. Family centered care of hospitalized children: a hybrid concept analysis in Iran. Health Promot Perspect. 2017;7:210-215.
  • 9. Verma A, Maria A, Pandey RM, et al. Family-centered care to complement care of sick newborns: a randomized controlled trial. Indian Pediatr. 2017;54:455-459.
  • 10. Hei M, Gao X, Gao X, et al. Is family integrated care in neonatal intensive care units feasible and good for preterm infants in China: study protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial. Trials. 2016;17:22.
  • 11. Valizadeh S, Mirlashari J, Navab E, et al. Fathers: the lost ring in the chain of family-centered care: a phenomenological study in neonatal ıntensive care units of Iran. Adv Neonatal Care. 2018;18:E3-E11.
  • 12. Bingöler Pekcici EB, Özalp Akin E, Akpinar F, et al. Family-centeredness of services for young children with Down syndrome: an observational study from Turkey. Turk J Med Sci. 2021;51:246-255.
  • 13. Özdemir İncesoy S, Ertem İÖ. Erken çocukluk döneminde gelişimsel sorunları olan çocukların özel eğitim ve rehabilitasyon hizmetlerine ulaşmalarını etkileyen etmenlerin ve ulaştıkları hizmetlerin niteliğinin değerlendirilmesi. Gelişimsel Pediatri Bilim Dalı. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi; 2005.
  • 14. Anne Çocuk Eğitim Vakfı (Mother Child Education Foundation). [Internet]. Available from: https://www.acev.org/. Accessed 10 Jan, 2025.
  • 15. Birkan, B. Early special education services. Ankara University Faculty of Educational Sciences Journal of Special Education. 2002;3:99-109.
  • 16. Eraslan EÇM, Özmen M. Implementation of the Portage Early EducationProgram for Mentally Disabled Children. Proceedings of Special Education Days, Ankara: Publications of the Turkish Confederation of the Disabled, 1997.
  • 17. National Portage Association. Partners with Parents and Children. Available from: https://www.portage.org.uk/about/what-portage/portage-principles Accessed March, 11, 2025.
  • 18 İftar Kırcaali G, Uzuner Y, Batu ES, et al. Küçük Adımlar Gelişimsel Geriliği Olan Çocuklara Yönelik Erken Eğitim Programı Eskişehir uygulamasınınaile rehberi görüşlerine dayalı olarak değerlendirilmesi. İstanbul: Zihinsel Engellilere Destek Derneği 2001, pp. 106. Available from: https://avesis. anadolu.edu.tr/yayin/0866adee-cc85-4ef4-921f-ad4877c3612e/kucukadimlar-gelisimsel-geriligi-olan-cocuklara-yonelik-erken-egitimprogrami-eskisehir-uygulamasinin-aile-rehberi-goruslerine-dayali olarakdegerlendirilmesi Accessed March, 11, 2025.
  • 19. Galip N. Gelişimi İzleme Ve Destekleme Rehberi`nin Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (DSÖ) İşlevsellik, Yetiyitimi Ve Sağlığın Uluslararası Sınıflandırması (ICFCY)`na uyarlanması ve 0-5 yaş arası kronik hastalığı olan çocukların değerlendirilmesinde geçerliliği, Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Tez araştırması 2010. Available from: https://acikbilim.yok.gov.tr/ handle/20.500.12812/505027 Accessed March, 11, 2025.
  • 20. Ertem IO, Dogan DG, Gok CG, et al. A guide for monitoring child development in low- and middle-income countries. Pediatrics. 2008;121:e581-589.
  • 21. Ertem IO. The international guide for monitoring child development: enabling individualised interventions. Early Childhood Matters. 2017;2017:83-87.
  • 22. Bailey DB Jr, Hebbeler K, Scarborough A, et al. First experiences with early öintervention: a national perspective. Pediatrics. 2004;113:887-896.
  • 23. Bethell CD, Read D, Neff J, et al. Comparison of the children with special health care needs screener to the questionnaire for identifying children with chronic conditions--revised. Ambul Pediatr. 2002;2:49-57.
  • 24. Harris G, Piercy J. Measurement of client satisfaction. Children and Family Research Center School of Social Work University of Illinois at UrbanaChampaign. 1998. Available from: https://www.cfrc.illinois.edu/pubs/ rp_19980601_MeasurementOfClientSatisfactionTheStateOfTheArt.pdf
  • 25. Chan SS, Twinn S. Satisfaction with child health services in the nongovernment sector of Hong Kong: consumer evaluation. Nurs Health Sci. 2003;5:165-173.

Türkiye’de Özel Gereksinimleri Olan Çocuklara Erken Çocukluk Döneminde Verilen Özel Eğitim ve Rehabilitasyon Hizmetlerinin Aile Merkezliliğinin Değerlendirilmesi

Year 2025, Volume: 78 Issue: 1, 33 - 41, 31.03.2025

Abstract

Amaç: Aile merkezli yaklaşım, erken çocukluk döneminde özel gereksinimleri olan çocukların tedavisi niteliğinde olan özel eğitim ve rehabilitasyon hizmetlerinin temel taşıdır. Bu araştırmanın amacı, erken çocukluk döneminde özel gereksinimleri olan çocukların almakta olduğu özel eğitim ve rehabilitasyon hizmetlerinin aile merkezliliğinin ve ailenin kurum hakkındaki memnuniyetlerinin değerlendirilmesidir.

Gereç ve Yöntem: Kesitsel desendeki bu araştırmaya 2014-2017 yılları arasında Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Anabilim Dalı, Gelişimsel Pediatri Bilim Dalı’nda izlenen 3-36 aylık, özel gereksinimi olan ve en az 3 aydır erken destek hizmetleri almakta olan çocukları ve ailelerini kapsamaktadır. Hizmetlerin aile merkezli olma özelliğini değerlendirmek için “Erken Çocukluk Döneminde Gelişimi Destekleme Hizmetlerini Değerlendirme Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır.

Bulgular: Araştırmanın örneklemini oluşturan 101 çocuğun %51,5’i erkek olup ortanca yaşı 33 ay (25,5-43,0) saptanmıştır. Örneklemdeki çocukların %45,5’inde nörolojik, %35,6’sınde genetik hastalığı mevcuttur. Ayrıntılı gelişimsel değerlendirmede çocukların %68,3’ünde anlatım dili alanında, %64,4 kaba hareket alanında, %62,4’ünde alıcı dil alanında özel gereksinimi saptanmıştır. Ailelerin en az yarısı, ölçeğin en az yarısında kurumları “yetersiz” olarak değerlendirmiştir. Ancak, buna rağmen ailelerin yarısından fazlası “aradıklarını tamamen bulma”, “kurumu tekrar seçme” ve “başkalarına önerme” konularında yüksek memnuniyet bildirmiştir.

Sonuç: Bulgularımız, çocuklarının hizmet aldıkları kurumları aile merkezli hizmet açısından yetersiz olarak bildirmelerine karşılık ailelerin çoğunun kurumlarından memnun olduklarını göstermektedir. Bu araştırma, aile merkezli erken destek hizmetlerinin geliştirilmesi yanında, ailelerin bu konuda taleplerinin olgunlaştırılması konusunda Türkiye’de ve benzeri düşük-orta gelirli ülkelerde yapılacak çalışmalara ışık tutması açısından önem taşımaktadır

Project Number

-

References

  • 1. Foster CC, Chorniy A, Kwon S, et al. Children with special health care needs and forgone family employment. Pediatrics. 2021;148:e2020035378.
  • 2. Kuhlthau KA, Bloom S, Van Cleave J, et al. Evidence for family-centered mcare for children with special health care needs: a systematic review. Acad Pediatr. 2011;11:136-143.
  • 3 Bamm EL, Rosenbaum P. Family-centered theory: origins, development, barriers, and supports to implementation in rehabilitation medicine. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2008;89:1618-1624.
  • 4. Cunningham BJ, Rosenbaum PL. Measure of processes of care: a review of 20 years of research. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2014;56:445-452.
  • 5. McPherson M, Arango P, Fox H, et al. A new definition of children with special health care needs. Pediatrics. 1998;102(1 Pt 1):137-140.
  • 6. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). CDC’s work on developmental disabilities. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/ environmental-health-tracking/php/data-research/developmentaldisabilities.html Accessed March, 11, 2025.
  • 7. Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu. Sağlık Araştırması, 2020. [Internet]. Available from: mhttps://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Istatistiklerle-Cocuk-2020-37228 Accessed May 29, 2022.
  • 8. Khajeh M, Dehghan Nayeri N, Bahramnezhad F, et al. Family centered care of hospitalized children: a hybrid concept analysis in Iran. Health Promot Perspect. 2017;7:210-215.
  • 9. Verma A, Maria A, Pandey RM, et al. Family-centered care to complement care of sick newborns: a randomized controlled trial. Indian Pediatr. 2017;54:455-459.
  • 10. Hei M, Gao X, Gao X, et al. Is family integrated care in neonatal intensive care units feasible and good for preterm infants in China: study protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial. Trials. 2016;17:22.
  • 11. Valizadeh S, Mirlashari J, Navab E, et al. Fathers: the lost ring in the chain of family-centered care: a phenomenological study in neonatal ıntensive care units of Iran. Adv Neonatal Care. 2018;18:E3-E11.
  • 12. Bingöler Pekcici EB, Özalp Akin E, Akpinar F, et al. Family-centeredness of services for young children with Down syndrome: an observational study from Turkey. Turk J Med Sci. 2021;51:246-255.
  • 13. Özdemir İncesoy S, Ertem İÖ. Erken çocukluk döneminde gelişimsel sorunları olan çocukların özel eğitim ve rehabilitasyon hizmetlerine ulaşmalarını etkileyen etmenlerin ve ulaştıkları hizmetlerin niteliğinin değerlendirilmesi. Gelişimsel Pediatri Bilim Dalı. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi; 2005.
  • 14. Anne Çocuk Eğitim Vakfı (Mother Child Education Foundation). [Internet]. Available from: https://www.acev.org/. Accessed 10 Jan, 2025.
  • 15. Birkan, B. Early special education services. Ankara University Faculty of Educational Sciences Journal of Special Education. 2002;3:99-109.
  • 16. Eraslan EÇM, Özmen M. Implementation of the Portage Early EducationProgram for Mentally Disabled Children. Proceedings of Special Education Days, Ankara: Publications of the Turkish Confederation of the Disabled, 1997.
  • 17. National Portage Association. Partners with Parents and Children. Available from: https://www.portage.org.uk/about/what-portage/portage-principles Accessed March, 11, 2025.
  • 18 İftar Kırcaali G, Uzuner Y, Batu ES, et al. Küçük Adımlar Gelişimsel Geriliği Olan Çocuklara Yönelik Erken Eğitim Programı Eskişehir uygulamasınınaile rehberi görüşlerine dayalı olarak değerlendirilmesi. İstanbul: Zihinsel Engellilere Destek Derneği 2001, pp. 106. Available from: https://avesis. anadolu.edu.tr/yayin/0866adee-cc85-4ef4-921f-ad4877c3612e/kucukadimlar-gelisimsel-geriligi-olan-cocuklara-yonelik-erken-egitimprogrami-eskisehir-uygulamasinin-aile-rehberi-goruslerine-dayali olarakdegerlendirilmesi Accessed March, 11, 2025.
  • 19. Galip N. Gelişimi İzleme Ve Destekleme Rehberi`nin Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (DSÖ) İşlevsellik, Yetiyitimi Ve Sağlığın Uluslararası Sınıflandırması (ICFCY)`na uyarlanması ve 0-5 yaş arası kronik hastalığı olan çocukların değerlendirilmesinde geçerliliği, Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Tez araştırması 2010. Available from: https://acikbilim.yok.gov.tr/ handle/20.500.12812/505027 Accessed March, 11, 2025.
  • 20. Ertem IO, Dogan DG, Gok CG, et al. A guide for monitoring child development in low- and middle-income countries. Pediatrics. 2008;121:e581-589.
  • 21. Ertem IO. The international guide for monitoring child development: enabling individualised interventions. Early Childhood Matters. 2017;2017:83-87.
  • 22. Bailey DB Jr, Hebbeler K, Scarborough A, et al. First experiences with early öintervention: a national perspective. Pediatrics. 2004;113:887-896.
  • 23. Bethell CD, Read D, Neff J, et al. Comparison of the children with special health care needs screener to the questionnaire for identifying children with chronic conditions--revised. Ambul Pediatr. 2002;2:49-57.
  • 24. Harris G, Piercy J. Measurement of client satisfaction. Children and Family Research Center School of Social Work University of Illinois at UrbanaChampaign. 1998. Available from: https://www.cfrc.illinois.edu/pubs/ rp_19980601_MeasurementOfClientSatisfactionTheStateOfTheArt.pdf
  • 25. Chan SS, Twinn S. Satisfaction with child health services in the nongovernment sector of Hong Kong: consumer evaluation. Nurs Health Sci. 2003;5:165-173.
There are 25 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Pediatric Endocrinology
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Merve Koç Yekedüz 0000-0003-0637-417X

Ezgi Özalp Akın 0000-0001-8055-9485

Emine Bahar Bingöler Pekcici 0000-0003-1524-6655

İlgi Ertem 0000-0001-9187-0869

Project Number -
Submission Date August 20, 2024
Acceptance Date January 27, 2025
Publication Date March 31, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 78 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Koç Yekedüz, M., Özalp Akın, E., Bingöler Pekcici, E. B., Ertem, İ. (2025). Family-Centeredness of Special Education and Rehabilitation Services for Young Children with Special Needs in Türkiye. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası, 78(1), 33-41. https://doi.org/10.4274/atfm.galenos.2025.14892
AMA Koç Yekedüz M, Özalp Akın E, Bingöler Pekcici EB, Ertem İ. Family-Centeredness of Special Education and Rehabilitation Services for Young Children with Special Needs in Türkiye. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası. March 2025;78(1):33-41. doi:10.4274/atfm.galenos.2025.14892
Chicago Koç Yekedüz, Merve, Ezgi Özalp Akın, Emine Bahar Bingöler Pekcici, and İlgi Ertem. “Family-Centeredness of Special Education and Rehabilitation Services for Young Children With Special Needs in Türkiye”. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası 78, no. 1 (March 2025): 33-41. https://doi.org/10.4274/atfm.galenos.2025.14892.
EndNote Koç Yekedüz M, Özalp Akın E, Bingöler Pekcici EB, Ertem İ (March 1, 2025) Family-Centeredness of Special Education and Rehabilitation Services for Young Children with Special Needs in Türkiye. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası 78 1 33–41.
IEEE M. Koç Yekedüz, E. Özalp Akın, E. B. Bingöler Pekcici, and İ. Ertem, “Family-Centeredness of Special Education and Rehabilitation Services for Young Children with Special Needs in Türkiye”, Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası, vol. 78, no. 1, pp. 33–41, 2025, doi: 10.4274/atfm.galenos.2025.14892.
ISNAD Koç Yekedüz, Merve et al. “Family-Centeredness of Special Education and Rehabilitation Services for Young Children With Special Needs in Türkiye”. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası 78/1 (March2025), 33-41. https://doi.org/10.4274/atfm.galenos.2025.14892.
JAMA Koç Yekedüz M, Özalp Akın E, Bingöler Pekcici EB, Ertem İ. Family-Centeredness of Special Education and Rehabilitation Services for Young Children with Special Needs in Türkiye. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası. 2025;78:33–41.
MLA Koç Yekedüz, Merve et al. “Family-Centeredness of Special Education and Rehabilitation Services for Young Children With Special Needs in Türkiye”. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası, vol. 78, no. 1, 2025, pp. 33-41, doi:10.4274/atfm.galenos.2025.14892.
Vancouver Koç Yekedüz M, Özalp Akın E, Bingöler Pekcici EB, Ertem İ. Family-Centeredness of Special Education and Rehabilitation Services for Young Children with Special Needs in Türkiye. Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Mecmuası. 2025;78(1):33-41.