Diagnosis and Treatment of Primary, Secondary, and Functional Male Hypogonadism: A Narrative Review

Abstract

Male hypogonadism refers to a condition characterized by reduced testosterone production or impaired sperm production. Traditionally, it was classified into two categories: congenital and acquired hypogonadism. However, with the emergence of the concept of functional hypogonadism, which develops as a result of chronic diseases, medications, or aging, male hypogonadism is now considered under three subtypes. The clinical manifestations and treatment strategies vary depending on the underlying cause of hypogonadism. Additionally, the desire for fertility significantly influences the treatment protocol. This systematic review examines the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to primary, secondary, and functional male hypogonadism.

Keywords

• Testosterone
• Functional Hypogonadism
• Fertility
• Androgen Deficiency
• aging
• Late-Onset Hypogonadism

Birincil, İkincil ve Fonksiyonel Erkek Hipogonadizminin Tanı ve Tedavisi: Anlatısal Derleme

Abstract

Erkek hipogonadizmi, testosteron üretiminin azalması veya sperm üretiminde bozulma ile karakterize bir durumdur. Geleneksel olarak konjenital ve edinsel hipogonadizm olarak iki kategoriye ayrılmaktaydı. Ancak, kronik hastalıklar, ilaçlar veya yaşlanma sonucunda gelişen fonksiyonel hipogonadizm kavramının ortaya çıkmasıyla birlikte, erkek hipogonadizmi günümüzde üç alt tip altında değerlendirilmektedir. Hipogonadizmin klinik bulguları ve tedavi yaklaşımları, altta yatan nedene göre değişiklik göstermektedir. Ayrıca, fertilite isteği tedavi protokolünü önemli ölçüde etkilemektedir. Bu sistematik derleme, primer, sekonder ve fonksiyonel erkek hipogonadizmine yönelik tanısal ve terapötik yaklaşımları incelemektedir.

Keywords

• Testosteron
• Fonksiyonel Hipogonadizm
• Fertilite
• Androjen Eksikliği
• Yaşlanma
• Geç Başlangıçlı Hipogonadizm

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