An Overview of Prophylaxis and Compliance with Vaccination in Contacts with Rabies Risk
Year 2023,
Volume: 76 Issue: 1, 50 - 55, 25.05.2023
Nilgün Altın
,
Müge Aslan
,
Tülay Ünver Ulusoy
,
Semanur Kuzi
,
İrfan Şencan
Abstract
Objectives: Turkey is still an endemic region in terms of rabies which is a preventable disease. So, vaccination is important. Rabies is derived from wild animals in developed countries, whereas it is caused by domestic animals, especially dogs in developing countries. The aim of this study is to evaulate the patıents contact with rabies risk (CRR) who applied to our center and their compliance with the vaccination program.
Materials and Methods: We included the the patients that applied to our Rabies Vaccine Center with a CRR between January 2019 and June 2022. The patient data were obtained from patıent information record. Complete vaccination/compliance with vaccination was defined as completion of vaccination program.
Results: Of the 2355 patients [mean age; 36.4 (11-90) yrs] who received prophylaxis for CRR 1489 were men, and 866 were women. One-thousand two-hundred ninety-nine (55.2%) of the patients received also immunoglobulin (Ig). One-thousand four-hundred and eighty-nine of the contacts were with dogs and 872 were with cats. Eighty percent of the domestic animals were unvaccinated. Contacts were more frequent at Winter and Spring seasons. Compliance with complete vaccination rate was 65.7%. Women sex, Ig application, advanced age, recommendation of 4-doses of vaccination, being inhabitant of Ankara were associated with compliance with complete vaccination. Compliance with vaccination rates was higher in winter months whereas it was less in Spring. Also compliance rates were less in domestic animal contacts, whereas it was higher in nondomestic contacts.
Conclusion: In this study, we found that CRR with domestic unvaccinated animal group was higher and compliance with complete vaccination rates were low. The reasons for non-compliance appear to be social reasons rather than side effects of vaccines. Our people should be made aware of the importance of pet vaccination and the full implementation of the recommended vaccination scheme in the case of CRR
References
-
1. Türkiye Halk Sağlığı Kurumıu Rehberi 2019, http://www.tkhk.gov.tr
-
2. Kuduz İstatistik Verileri (2021). http://hsgm.saglik.gov.tr/tr
-
3. Shankaraiah RH, Rajashekar RA, Veena V, Hanumanthaiah AND. Compliance to anti-rabies vaccination in post-exposure prophylaxis. Indian J Public Health. 2015;59:58-60.
-
4. Anandaraj R, Balu PS. Compliance to anti rabies vaccine and animal bite management practices in a rural area of Davangere, Karnataka, India. Int J Community Med Public Health. 2016;3:170-173.
-
5. Varışlı B, Yıldırım S, Çelik H, et al. Assessment of Emergency Service Attendance Due to Rabies Suspect Animal Bites in the Van Region. Eurasian J Emerg Med. 2019;18:197-202.
-
6. Shi T, Dunham EF, Nyland JE. Rabies Vaccination Compliance and Reasons for Incompletion. West J Emerg Med. 2020;21:918-923.
-
7. Zintel S, Flock C, Arbogast AL, et al. Gender differences in the intention to get vaccinated against COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Z Gesundh Wiss. 2022;1-25.
-
8. Bish A, Yardley L, Nicoll A, et al. Factors associated with uptake of vaccination against pandemic influenza: a systematic review. Vaccine.
2011;29:6472-6484.
-
9. World Health Organization. Rabies vaccines: WHO position paper – April 2018 – Weekly Epidemiological Record 20 Nisan 2018;93:201-219.
-
10. Mbilo C, Coetzer A, Bonfoh B, et al. Dog rabies control in West and Central Africa: A review. Acta Tropica. 2021;224:105459.
-
11. Aker S, Şahin MK. An Evaluation of Cases with Rabies Risk Contact ‐ Canik/ Samsun. Ankara Med J. 2016;16:303-312.
-
12. Akbulut AS, Taş M, Arslan ED, et al. Evaluation of cases with rabies risk presenting to emergency department. Journal of Clinical and Analytical Medicine. 2014;5:8-11.
-
13. Gökdemir MT, Sayhan MB, Söğüt Ö, et al. A Preventable Public Health Challenge in Southeastern Turkey: Rabies Risk-Contact Cases. JAEM.
2011;10:14-17.
-
14. Torunoğlu MA, Safran A, Irmak H, et al. Epidemiology of human rabies in Turkey: 1992-2007. Turk J Med Sci. 2009;39:591-597.
Kuduz Riskli Temaslarda Uygulanan Proflaksilerin ve Aşılamaya Uyumun Gözden Geçirilmesi
Year 2023,
Volume: 76 Issue: 1, 50 - 55, 25.05.2023
Nilgün Altın
,
Müge Aslan
,
Tülay Ünver Ulusoy
,
Semanur Kuzi
,
İrfan Şencan
Abstract
Amaç: Türkiye, önlenebilen bir hastalık olan kuduz yönünden halen endemik bir bölgedir. Bunun için aşılama önemlidir. Gelişmiş ülkelerde genellikle yabani hayvan kuduzu, ülkemiz gibi gelişmekte olan ülkelerde ise evcil hayvan, özellikle de köpek kuduzu daha çok görülmektedir. Çalışmamızınamacı, merkezimize başvuran kuduz riskli temas (KRT) olgularını ve aşı programına uyumlarını değerlendirmektir.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmamıza Ocak 2019 ile Haziran 2022 arasında KRT nedeni ile başvuran hastalar dahil edildi. Hasta verileri kayıtlardan
sağlanmıştır. Tam aşılama/aşılamaya uyum; önerilen aşılama programının tamamlanması olarak tanımlandı.
Bulgular: KRT nedeni ile profilaksi alan ve yaş ortalaması 36,4 (11-90) olan toplam 2355 hastanın 1489’u erkek ve 866 kadındı. Hastaların 1299’una(%55,2) immünoglobulin (Ig) de verildi. Temasların 1445’i köpek, 872’si kedi ile idi. Sahipli hayvanların %80’i aşısızdı. Temaslar ilkbahar ve kışaylarında daha fazlaydı. Tam aşılamaya uyum oranı %65,7 idi. Kadın cinsiyet, Ig yapılanlar, ileri yaş, 4 doz aşı önerilenler, Ankara içerisinden başvuranlar tam aşılamaya daha uyumlu bulundu. Kış aylarında uyum anlamlı olarak artarken ilkbahar aylarında anlamlı olarak azaldı. Sahipli- aşılı hayvan temaslarında uyum az, kaçtı ya da öldürüldü ise anlamlı olarak uyum yüksek bulundu.
Sonuç: Çalışmamızda; tam aşılamaya uyum oranlarının düşük olduğu ve sahipli-aşısız hayvan grubu ile KRT’nin fazla olduğu bulunmuştur.
Uyumsuzluk nedenleri aşıların yan etkilerinden ziyade sosyal nedenler olduğu görülmektedir. Halkımız evcil hayvan aşılanması ve KRT durumunda önerilen aşı şemasının tam olarak uygulanmasının önemi konusunda bilinçlendirilmelidir.
Ethical Statement
Çalışmamızın etik kurul kararı Yıldırım
Beyazıt Üniversitesi, Yenimahalle Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi
Klinik Araştırmalar Etik Kurulu Başkanlığı’ndan 21-12-2022
tarihinde alınmıştır (karar no: E-2022-70)
References
-
1. Türkiye Halk Sağlığı Kurumıu Rehberi 2019, http://www.tkhk.gov.tr
-
2. Kuduz İstatistik Verileri (2021). http://hsgm.saglik.gov.tr/tr
-
3. Shankaraiah RH, Rajashekar RA, Veena V, Hanumanthaiah AND. Compliance to anti-rabies vaccination in post-exposure prophylaxis. Indian J Public Health. 2015;59:58-60.
-
4. Anandaraj R, Balu PS. Compliance to anti rabies vaccine and animal bite management practices in a rural area of Davangere, Karnataka, India. Int J Community Med Public Health. 2016;3:170-173.
-
5. Varışlı B, Yıldırım S, Çelik H, et al. Assessment of Emergency Service Attendance Due to Rabies Suspect Animal Bites in the Van Region. Eurasian J Emerg Med. 2019;18:197-202.
-
6. Shi T, Dunham EF, Nyland JE. Rabies Vaccination Compliance and Reasons for Incompletion. West J Emerg Med. 2020;21:918-923.
-
7. Zintel S, Flock C, Arbogast AL, et al. Gender differences in the intention to get vaccinated against COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Z Gesundh Wiss. 2022;1-25.
-
8. Bish A, Yardley L, Nicoll A, et al. Factors associated with uptake of vaccination against pandemic influenza: a systematic review. Vaccine.
2011;29:6472-6484.
-
9. World Health Organization. Rabies vaccines: WHO position paper – April 2018 – Weekly Epidemiological Record 20 Nisan 2018;93:201-219.
-
10. Mbilo C, Coetzer A, Bonfoh B, et al. Dog rabies control in West and Central Africa: A review. Acta Tropica. 2021;224:105459.
-
11. Aker S, Şahin MK. An Evaluation of Cases with Rabies Risk Contact ‐ Canik/ Samsun. Ankara Med J. 2016;16:303-312.
-
12. Akbulut AS, Taş M, Arslan ED, et al. Evaluation of cases with rabies risk presenting to emergency department. Journal of Clinical and Analytical Medicine. 2014;5:8-11.
-
13. Gökdemir MT, Sayhan MB, Söğüt Ö, et al. A Preventable Public Health Challenge in Southeastern Turkey: Rabies Risk-Contact Cases. JAEM.
2011;10:14-17.
-
14. Torunoğlu MA, Safran A, Irmak H, et al. Epidemiology of human rabies in Turkey: 1992-2007. Turk J Med Sci. 2009;39:591-597.