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            <front>

                <journal-meta>
                                    <journal-id></journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>Avrasya Etüdleri</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                            <issn pub-type="ppub">1300-1604</issn>
                                        <issn pub-type="epub">3108-7787</issn>
                                                                                            <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>Türk İşbirliği ve Koordinasyon Ajansı Başkanlığı</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id/>
                                                                <article-categories>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="en">
                                                            <subject>Political Science (Other)</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="tr">
                                                            <subject>Siyaset Bilimi (Diğer)</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                    </article-categories>
                                                                                                                                                        <title-group>
                                                                                                                        <article-title>‘GÖLGE İMPARATORLUK’ TARTIŞMASINI AŞMAK: ASYA HUNLARINDA ÖZGÜN BİR DEVLET MODELİ</article-title>
                                                                                                                                                                                                <trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
                                    <trans-title>MOVING BEYOND THE ‘SHADOW EMPIRE’ DEBATE: A DISTINCT STATE MODEL IN THE ASIATIC HUNS</trans-title>
                                </trans-title-group>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4220-6803</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Kerim</surname>
                                    <given-names>Ali</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>TÜRK İŞBİRLİĞİ VE KOORDİNASYON AJANSI BAŞKANLIĞI</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                        <pub-date pub-type="pub" iso-8601-date="20260430">
                    <day>04</day>
                    <month>30</month>
                    <year>2026</year>
                </pub-date>
                                                    <issue>65</issue>
                                        <fpage>99</fpage>
                                        <lpage>132</lpage>
                        
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20260113">
                        <day>01</day>
                        <month>13</month>
                        <year>2026</year>
                    </date>
                                                    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="20260325">
                        <day>03</day>
                        <month>25</month>
                        <year>2026</year>
                    </date>
                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 1994, Avrasya Etüdleri</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>1994</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>Avrasya Etüdleri</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                <abstract><p>Kamu yönetimi ve kamu hukuku yazınında en yaygın devlet tanımı, Alman Genel Kamu Hukuku kaynaklı üç unsurlu teoridir ve bu teoriye göre devlet; toprak, insan ve iktidar unsurlarının birlikte varlığını gerektirir. Ancak söz konusu tanım, yerleşik tarım toplumlarını merkeze alması nedeniyle sabit sınırları olmayan göçebe siyasi örgütlenmeleri baştan dışlama eğilimi taşımaktadır. Bu çalışma, Asya Hun Devleti örneği üzerinden toprak unsurunun devlet olmanın zorunlu bir koşulu olmaktan çıktığını ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Araştırma, karşılaştırmalı-analitik bir yöntemle yürütülmüş olup Asya Hun hakkındaki metinler eleştirel bir kaynak analizi süzgecinden geçirilmiş, modern akademik literatürdeki farklı teorik yaklaşımlar ise disiplinlerarası bir perspektifle sentezlenmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında elde edilen sonuçlar dört ana eksende toplanmıştır. İlk olarak, Mete Han’ın kurduğu yapının, askeri aristokrasinin sivil yönetimde de etkin olduğu bir “ordu-devlet” niteliği taşıdığı, ancak sabit sınırlı devletlerden farklı olarak ganimet, haraç ve ticaret ekseninde esnek bir ekonomik yapı sergilediği tespit edilmiştir. İkinci olarak, Hunların uyguladığı ikili yönetim (sağ-sol kanat), kurultay geleneği ve askeri teşkilatlanmanın, kendilerinden sonra gelen devletler için kurumsal bir şablon oluşturduğu savunulmuştur. Üçüncü olarak, Hunların Çin’i yalnızca askeri savunma alanında değil, diplomatik ve ideolojik alanlarda da köklü değişikliklere zorlayan stratejik bir aktör olduğu belirlenmiştir. Son olarak başta Barfield’ın “gölge imparatorluk”, Honeychurch’ün “kompleks devlet” ve Taşağıl’ın “süreklilik” tezleri sentezlenerek, Hunların hem iç dinamikleriyle karmaşık hem de dış etkileriyle küresel güce sahip bir devlet olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.</p></abstract>
                                                                                                                                    <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
                            <p>In the literature on public administration and public law, the most prevalent definition of the state is the three-element theory originating from German general public law, according to which the state requires the coexistence of three constituent elements: territory, population, and sovereign authority. However, this definition, by centering settled agrarian societies, tends to exclude from the outset nomadic political organizations that lack fixed boundaries. This study aims to demonstrate, through the case of the Xiongnu (the Asian Huns), that the territorial element is not a necessary condition of statehood. The research was conducted using a comparative-analytical methodology; historical sources on the Xiongnu were subjected to critical source analysis, while different theoretical approaches in the modern academic literature were synthesized from an interdisciplinary perspective. The findings of the study are organized along four principal axes. First, it has been established that the structure founded by Modu Chanyu possessed the character of a military-based state structure in which the military aristocracy was also effective in civilian governance; however, unlike states with fixed borders, it exhibited a flexible economic structure revolving around war booty, tribute and trade. Second, it is argued that the dual administrative system, the assembly tradition and the military organization of the Xiongnu served as an institutional template for subsequent states. Third, it has been determined that the Xiongnu were a strategic actor that compelled China to undergo fundamental transformations not only in the domain of military defense but also in diplomatic and ideological spheres. Finally, by synthesizing Barfield’s “shadow empire” thesis, Honeychurch’s “complex polity” framework and Taşağıl’s “continuity” thesis, the study concludes that the Xiongnu constituted a state that was both internally complex and exercised wide-ranging influence beyond its borders.</p></trans-abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                            <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>Asya Hun Devleti</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Xiongnu</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Mete Han</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Bozkır İmparatorlukları</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Çin-Hun İlişkileri</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Türk Devlet Geleneği</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Siyasi Teşkilat</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Heqin Politikası</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                        
                                                                            <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
                                                    <kwd>Xiongnu State</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Xiongnu</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Modu Chanyu</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Steppe Empires</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Sino-Xiongnu Relations</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Turkic State Tradition</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Political Organization</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Heqin Policy</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                                                                            </article-meta>
    </front>
    <back>
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