<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.4 20241031//EN"
        "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.4/JATS-journalpublishing1-4.dtd">
<article  article-type="research-article"        dtd-version="1.4">
            <front>

                <journal-meta>
                                                                <journal-id>avrasyad</journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>Avrasya Uluslararası Araştırmalar Dergisi</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                                        <issn pub-type="epub">2147-2610</issn>
                                                                                            <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>Kürşat ÖNCÜL</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.33692/avrasyad.1489663</article-id>
                                                                <article-categories>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="en">
                                                            <subject>Linguistics (Other)</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="tr">
                                                            <subject>Dilbilim (Diğer)</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                    </article-categories>
                                                                                                                                                        <title-group>
                                                                                                                        <trans-title-group xml:lang="en">
                                    <trans-title>Irony in Russian literature of the 19 century from the point of view of functional linguistics</trans-title>
                                </trans-title-group>
                                                                                                                                                                                                <trans-title-group xml:lang="tr">
                                    <trans-title>İŞLEVSEL DİLBİLİM AÇISINDAN 19. YÜZYIL RUS EDEBİYATINDA İRONİ</trans-title>
                                </trans-title-group>
                                                                                                                                                                                                <article-title>ИРОНИЯ В РУССКОЙ ЛИТЕРАТУРЕ  19-ГО ВЕКА  С ТОЧКИ ЗРЕНИЯ ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНОЙ ЛИНГВИСТИКИ</article-title>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3002-2617</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Polat</surname>
                                    <given-names>Sevda</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>İSTANBUL GELİŞİM ÜNİVERSİTESİ</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                        <pub-date pub-type="pub" iso-8601-date="20241215">
                    <day>12</day>
                    <month>15</month>
                    <year>2024</year>
                </pub-date>
                                        <volume>12</volume>
                                        <issue>41</issue>
                                        <fpage>197</fpage>
                                        <lpage>211</lpage>
                        
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20240524">
                        <day>05</day>
                        <month>24</month>
                        <year>2024</year>
                    </date>
                                                    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="20240902">
                        <day>09</day>
                        <month>02</month>
                        <year>2024</year>
                    </date>
                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 2012, Avrasya Uluslararası Araştırmalar Dergisi</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>2012</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>Avrasya Uluslararası Araştırmalar Dergisi</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
                            <p>As a linguistic phenomenon, irony manifests itself in various forms in human life - from a means of oral communication or a component of worldview to a way of representing the world in art, including literature. Such variability naturally leads to the study of irony in the framework of different scientific paradigms, including functional linguistics. The article considers the peculiarities of romantic and realistic irony, as well as specific themes that emerged in the 19th century, reflecting both the multidimensionality of the Russian language and allowing a deeper understanding of the culture of this nation, and the means used to convey irony, including the meta-language. The article emphasizes the use of irony as a meta-language by Russian writers of the 19th century.Examples are given from Vladimir Fedorovich Odoyevsky&#039;s philosophical novel “Russian Nights”; Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoyevsky&#039;s story “The Double”; Lev Tolstoy&#039;s “Sevastopol Stories”, the novel-epic “War and Peace”, the novel “Anna Karenina” and “Resurrection”. Attention is drawn to the place of irony in these works written in the romantic and realistic periods of Russian literature. It is emphasized how skillfully the authors present irony in these works.On the basis of the study, it is concluded that in the historical period to which these works refer, there existed not the traditional, overt manifestations of irony in the European tradition, but a deeply hidden irony, the essence of which can be understood only by knowing the history of Russian literature.</p></trans-abstract>
                                                                                                                                    <trans-abstract xml:lang="tr">
                            <p>Dilsel bir olgu olarak ironi, insan yaşamında sözlü iletişimin bir aracı veya dünya görüşünün bir bileşeninden, edebiyat da dâhil olmak üzere sanatta dünyayı temsil etmenin bir yoluna kadar çeşitli biçimlerde kendini gösterir. Bu değişkenlik doğal olarak ironinin işlevsel dilbilim de dâhil olmak üzere farklı bilimsel değerler çerçevesinde incelenmesine yol açmaktadır. Makale, romantik ve gerçekçi ironinin özelliklerinin yanı sıra, hem Rus dilinin çok boyutluluğunu yansıtan ve bu ulusun kültürünün daha derinlemesine anlaşılmasını sağlayan 19. yüzyılda ortaya çıkan belirli temaları hem de üst-dil de dâhil olmak üzere ironiyi iletmek için kullanılan araçları ele almaktadır. Makale, ironinin 19. yüzyıl Rus yazarları tarafından bir üst-dil olarak kullanımını vurgulamaktadır.Vladimir Fedoroviç Odoyevski&#039;nin felsefi romanı “Rus Geceleri”nden; Fyodor Mihailoviç Dostoyevsky&#039;nin “Öteki” öyküsünden; Lev Tolstoy&#039;un “Sivastopol Öyküleri”nden, epik romanı olan “Savaş ve Barış”tan, “Anna Karenina” ve “Diriliş” romanlarından örnekler verilmektedir. Rus edebiyatının romantik ve gerçekçi dönemlerinde yazılmış olan bu eserlerde ironinin yerine dikkat çekilmektedir. Yazarların bu eserlerde ironiyi ne kadar ustaca sundukları vurgulanmaktadır.Yapılan araştırmaya dayanarak, bu eserlerin atıfta bulunduğu tarihsel dönemde, Avrupa geleneğinin geleneksel, açık ironi tezahürlerinin değil, özü ancak aktarım sürecinde söylenen kelimelerin ikinci, üçüncü ve hatta dördüncü anlamlarının bilinmesiyle anlaşılabilecek derinlemesine gizli bir ironinin olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.</p></trans-abstract>
                                                                                                                                    <abstract><p>Как лингвистический феномен, ирония проявляется в различных формах в жизни человека - от средства устного общения или компонента мировосприятия до способа представления мира в искусстве, в том числе литературе. Такая вариативность закономерно приводит к изучению иронии в рамках различных научных парадигм, в том числе функциональной лингвистики. В статье рассматриваются особенности романтической и реалистической иронии, а также специфические темы, возникшие в XIX веке, отражающие как многомерность русского языка и позволяющие глубже понять культуру этого народа, так и средства, используемые для передачи иронии, в том числе метаязык. В статье подчеркивается использование иронии, как метаязыка русскими писателями XIX века.Даётся примеры из  философского романа «Русские ночи» Владимира Фёдоровича Одоевского; из повести «Двойник» Фёдора Михайловича Достоевского; «Севастопольские рассказы», из романа-эпопеи «Война и мир», из романа «Анна Каренина» и «Воскресение» Лев Николаевича Толстого. Обращается внимание на то, какое место занимает ирония в этих произведениях, написанных в романтический и реалистический периоды русской литературы. Подчеркивается, насколько умело авторы представляют иронию в этих произведениях.На основании проведенного исследования делается вывод, что в исторический период, к которому относятся эти произведения, существовали не традиционные, открытые проявления иронии европейской традиции, а глубоко скрытая ирония, суть которой можно понять, лишь зная второе, третье и даже четвертое значение слов, произносимых в процессе его передачи.</p></abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                                                                                    <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>ирония</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  русская литература</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  функциональная лингвистика</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  романтическая ирония</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  реалистическая ирония.</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                            
                                                <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
                                                    <kwd>irony</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Russian literature</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  functional linguistics</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  romantic irony</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  realistic irony.</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                                <kwd-group xml:lang="tr">
                                                    <kwd>ironi</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  Rus edebiyatı</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  işlevsel dilbilim</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  romantik ironi</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  gerçekci ironi.</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                                                                                                                                        </article-meta>
    </front>
    <back>
                            <ref-list>
                                    <ref id="ref1">
                        <label>1</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Babayev, Eduard Grigoryevich. 1978. «Anna Karenina» L. N. Tolstogo.   Moskva: Khudozhestvennaya literatura.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref2">
                        <label>2</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Gegel&#039;, G.V.F. 1999. Lektsii po estetike. SPb.: Nauka.
Dal&#039;, Vladimir Ivanovich. 1880. Tolkovyy slovar&#039; zhivogo velikorusskogo yazyka.   T. 1-4/Sankt-Peterburg; Moskva: Izdaniye knigotorgovtsa-tipografa M. O. Vol&#039;fa.
Dostoyevskiy, Fedor Mikhaylovich. 1956. Dvoynik. (Peterburgskaya poyema). Moskva: Gosudarstvennoye Izdatel&#039;stvo Khudozhestvennoy Literatury.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref3">
                        <label>3</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Yesin, Andrey Borisovich. 2000. Printsipy i priyemy analiza literaturnogo proizvedeniya. Moskva: Flinta, Nauka
            URL: https://www.bsu.ru/content/page/1415/hecadem/esin/esin.pdf  (date of the application. 03.05.2024)</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref4">
                        <label>4</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Zhenett, Zherar. 1998. Figury. Moskva: imeni Sabashnikovıh.
             URL- http://yanko.lib.ru/books/lit/jennet-figuru-1-2-1998-l.pdf  (date of the application. 03.05.2024)</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref5">
                        <label>5</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Karasik, Vladimir Il&#039;ich. 2010. Yazykovaya kristallizatsiya smysla. Volgograd: Paradigma. 
                URL:  https://pandia.ru/text/77/28/96049.php (date of the application. 03.05.2024)</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref6">
                        <label>6</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">K&#039;yerkegor, Seren. 2000. Dnevnik obol&#039;stitelya.  Sankt-Peterburg: Limbus Press.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref7">
                        <label>7</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Lakoff, Dzhordzh, Dzhonson, Mark. 2004. Metafory, kotorymi my zhivem. Moskva: Redaktsiya  
                URSS.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref8">
                        <label>8</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Losev, Aleksey Fedorovich. 1995. Forma. Stil&#039;. Vyrazheniye. Moskva: Mysl&#039;.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref9">
                        <label>9</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Mann, Yuriy Vladimirovich. 1987. Dialektika khudozhestvennogo obraza. Moskva: Sovetskiy Pisatel&#039;.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref10">
                        <label>10</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Odoyevskiy, Vladimir Fedorovich. 1975. Russkiye nochi.  Leningrad: Nauka.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref11">
                        <label>11</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Tolstoy, Lev Nikolayevich. 1976. Sevastopol&#039;skiye rasskazy.  Leningrad: Khudozhestvennaya literatura.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref12">
                        <label>12</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Tolstoy, Lev Nikolayevich. 1981a.  Voyna i mir. T.2 Moskva: Prosveshcheniye.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref13">
                        <label>13</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Tolstoy, Lev Nikolayevich. 1981b.  Voyna i mir. T.3 Moskva: Prosveshcheniye.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref14">
                        <label>14</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Tolstoy, Lev Nikolayevich. 2021. Anna Karenina. St. Petersburg: SZKEO.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref15">
                        <label>15</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Tolstoy, Lev Nikolayevich. 1972. Voskreseniye. Tula: Priokskoye knizhnoye izdatel&#039;stvo.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref16">
                        <label>16</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Shumkova, T. L. 2007. Ironiya v pervoy knige poloviny XIX v. v svete traditsiy nemetskogo romantizma. Moskva: Flinta, Nauka.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref17">
                        <label>17</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Yaspers, K. 1995. “Yazyk.” V sb.: Filosofiya yazyka i semiotika. Ivanovo: IvGU, 184—203.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref18">
                        <label>18</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Shlegel&#039;, Fridrikh. 1983. Estetika. Filosofiya. Kritika. Tom. 1. Moskva: Iskusstvo.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref19">
                        <label>19</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Grice, H. P. (1975). “Logic and Conversation.” In P. Cole, &amp; J. L. Morgan. (Eds.), Syntax and Semantics, Vol. 3, Speech Acts New York: Academic Press: 41-58.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref20">
                        <label>20</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Wilson, Deirdre. “The pragmatics of verbal irony: Echo or pretence?” Lingua, Volume 116, Issue 10, October 2006, 1722-1743.  (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lingua.2006.05.001)</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref21">
                        <label>21</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Wilson, Deirdre. “Irony comprehension: A developmental perspective.” Journal of Pragmatics, Volume 59, Part A, December 2013, 40-56. ( https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2012.09.016)</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                            </ref-list>
                    </back>
    </article>
