Bor ve Çinko Uygulamalarının Nonpareil Badem Çeşidinde Bazı Kalite Özelliklerine ve Verimine Etkisinin Araştırılması

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 45 Sayı: (Özel Sayı 1) 7. Ulusal Bahçe Bitkileri Kongresi, 1090 - 1094, 31.03.2016

Deniz Eroğul , Mahmut Tepecik , Alptuğ Çantal

Öz

Çiçek ve meyve dökümleri badem üreticilerin karşılaştığı önemli sorunlardan birisi olup, meyve tutumu özellikle badem ağaçları için çok önemlidir. Mikro besin elementlerinden bor ve çinkonun küçük meyve dökümlerinin yanı sıra meyve tutumu üzerine de önemli bir etkisi vardır. Bu çalışmada Ege Bölgesinde yetiştiriciliği yapılan Nonpareil badem çeşidine tam çiçeklenme döneminde bor (%0.175 H₃BO₃), çinko (%0.2 ZnSO₄) ve bu her iki mikro besin elementinin karışımı uygulanmıştır. Kontrol olarak seçilen ağaçlara ise sadece yayıcı yapıştırıcı ilave edilen su püskürtülmüştür. Bu uygulamaların Nonpareil badem çeşidinde bazı meyve fiziksel özelliklerine, meyvede makro-mikro element içeriğine ve ağaçların verimine etkisi araştırılmıştır. Uygulama yapılmayan bademlerde kabuklu meyvelerin en, boy, yükseklikleri, iç badem meyvelerin ağırlığı ve eni, B ve/veya Zn uygulaması yapılanlara göre daha yüksek, bulunmuştur. Bor ve çinko uygulamaları ile çift badem oranı kontrole göre düşmüş, verim değerlerine etkisi ise kontrol uygulamalarına göre daha yüksek bulunmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Badem , bor , çinko , kalite

A Study on the Effects of Boron and Zinc Applications on Some Quality Properties and Yield in Nonpareil Almond Variety

Öz

One of the greatest concerns of almond producers is the problem of flowers and fruit drop off the trees. Fruit set is very important especially for almond trees. Boron and zinc, which are micronutrients, have an important effect on minor fruit set, as well as fruit drop. In this study, boron (0.175% H₃BO₃), zinc (0.2% ZnSO₄) and mixture of these two micronutrients were applied in its full-flowering period to Nonpareil almond variety, which is cultivated in the Aegean region. Water containing only spreader adhesive was sprayed onto the trees selected as the control group. The investigation encompassed the effects of these applications on specific physical fruit properties, macro/micro nutrient element contents and yield of the trees in Nonpareil almond variety. The specific physical properties that were investigated were, width, length, weight of nut and kernel fruit and shell thickness of the harvested fruits. The width, length, height of nut fruits and the weight and width of kernel fruit were higher in B and/or Zn treated plants than in non-treated plants. With the boron and zinc applications, double ratio decreased compared to control, whereas the effect on yield values were found to be higher compared to that of control applications.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Almond , boron , zinc , quality

Kaynakça

• Ayadi, M., Ghrab, M., Gargouri, K., Elloumi, O., Zribi, F., Ben Mimoun, M., Boulares, C., Guedri, W., 2006. Kernel characteristics of almond cultivars under rainfed conditions. Acta Hort., 726:377–381.
• Brown, P., Uriu, K., 1996. Nutrition deficiencies and toxicities: Diagnosing and correcting imbalances. In: Almond Production Manual. Univ. California, Div. Agric. Nat. Res. Publ. 3364, pp:179-188.
• Callan N., Thompson M., Chaplin M., Stebbins J., Westwood M., 1978. Fruit set of Italian prunes following fall foliar and spring boron sprays. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 103(2):253-257.
• Castro, J., Stomayar, C., 1998. The influence of boron and zinc sprays at bloom time. 2. International Symposium on Pistachios and Almonds. Acta Hort., 470:402-405.
• Cooper, T., 1981. El problema del boro. Revista Frutícola. Ańo. 2:27-28.
• Dalquist, R.L., Knoll, J.W., 1978. Inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy: analysis of biological materials and soil for major, trace and ultra trace elements. Applied Spectroscopy, 32:1-31.
• Grasselly C., Crossa-Raynaud, P., 1984. El almendro. Ed. Mundi-Prensa, Madrid, 465p.
• Hopping, M., 1986. Kiwi fruit. In: S. Monselise (Ed.), Hand Book of Fruit Set and Development. CRC Press. New York, 217-226.
• Kacar, B., İnal, A., 2008. Bitki Analizleri. Nobel Yayın Dağıtım, Ankara, 892s.
• Lott, W.L., Nery, J.P., Gall, J.R., Medcoff, J.C., 1956. Leaf analysis technique in coffee research. I.B.E.C. Research Inst. Publish No:9, 21-24.
• Lovatt, C., 1991. Factors affecting fruit set/early drop in avocado. Calif. Avocado Society Year Book 75:193-199.
• Munter, R.C., Grande, R.A., 1981. Plant tissue and soil extract analysis by ICP atomic emission spectrometry. In: Barnes, M., Heyden, R., London, S., Developments in atomic plasma spectrochemical analysis. England, 653-672.
• Nyomora M., Brown, P., Freeman, M., 1997. Fall foliar applied boron increases tissue boron concentration and nut set of almonds. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 122(3):405-410.
• Pandit, A.H., Wani, M.S., Mir , M.A., Bhat, K.M., Wani, S.M., Malik, A.R., 2011. Effect of foliar application of boron and zinc on fruit set and productivity of almond. Acta Hort., 903:1007-1010.
• Prats-Moya, S., Grane-Teruel, N., Berenguer Navarro, V., Martin-Carratala, M.L., 1997. Inductively coupled plasma application for the classification of 19 almond cultivars using inorganic element composition. J. Agric. Food Chem. 45:2093–2097.
• Razeto, B., 1993. La nutrición mineral de los frutales. Soquimich, 105p.
• Ryugo, K., 1988. Fruit culture. John Wiley and Sons, New York, 259-261.
• Saura Calixto, F., Bauza, M., Martinez de Toda, F., Argamenteria, A., 1981. Amino acids, sugars, and inorganic elements in the sweet almond (Prunus amygdalus). J. Agric. Food Chem. 29:509–511.
• Saura-Calixto, F., Cańellas, J., 1982. Mineral composition of almond varieties (Prunus amygdalus). Zeitschrift fur Lebensmittel Untersuchung und Forschung 174:129–131.
• Sotomayor, C., Silva, H., Castro, J., 2002. Effectiveness of boron and zinc foliar sprays on fruit setting of two almond cultivars. Proc. 3. IS on Pistachios and Almonds Acta Hort., 591:437-440.
• Sotomayor, C., 1996. Incremento de la cuaja frutal del almendro mediante el uso de algunos reguladores del crecimiento. Cienc. Invest. Agrar. 23(1):11-18.
• Swietlik, D., Faust, M., 1984. Foliar nutrition of fruit crops. Hort. Rev., 6:287-338.
• Swietlik, D., 1999. Zinc nutrition in horticultural crops. Hort. Rev., 23:109-178.
• Viveros, M., 1996. Minor nutrients essential for almonds. Amer. Fruit Grow., 116(2):39.
• Wolf, B., 1974. Improvements in the azomethine-h method for the determination of boron. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal., 5:39-44.