<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.4 20241031//EN"
        "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.4/JATS-journalpublishing1-4.dtd">
<article  article-type="research-article"        dtd-version="1.4">
            <front>

                <journal-meta>
                                    <journal-id></journal-id>
            <journal-title-group>
                                                                                    <journal-title>Balkan Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering</journal-title>
            </journal-title-group>
                            <issn pub-type="ppub">2147-284X</issn>
                                        <issn pub-type="epub">2147-284X</issn>
                                                                                            <publisher>
                    <publisher-name>Balkan Yayın</publisher-name>
                </publisher>
                    </journal-meta>
                <article-meta>
                                        <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17694/bajece.1244981</article-id>
                                                                <article-categories>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="en">
                                                            <subject>Electrical Engineering</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                            <subj-group  xml:lang="tr">
                                                            <subject>Elektrik Mühendisliği</subject>
                                                    </subj-group>
                                    </article-categories>
                                                                                                                                                        <title-group>
                                                                                                                                                            <article-title>Sensor and Actuator Fault Tolerant Control of Grid-Tied Microgrid</article-title>
                                                                                                    </title-group>
            
                                                    <contrib-group content-type="authors">
                                                                        <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6119-0886</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Kılıç</surname>
                                    <given-names>Heybet</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>DICLE UNIVERSITY</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                    <contrib contrib-type="author">
                                                                    <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">
                                        https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2306-6008</contrib-id>
                                                                <name>
                                    <surname>Yilmaz</surname>
                                    <given-names>Musa</given-names>
                                </name>
                                                                    <aff>BATMAN UNIVERSITY</aff>
                                                            </contrib>
                                                                                </contrib-group>
                        
                                        <pub-date pub-type="pub" iso-8601-date="20230604">
                    <day>06</day>
                    <month>04</month>
                    <year>2023</year>
                </pub-date>
                                        <volume>11</volume>
                                        <issue>2</issue>
                                        <fpage>190</fpage>
                                        <lpage>197</lpage>
                        
                        <history>
                                    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="20230131">
                        <day>01</day>
                        <month>31</month>
                        <year>2023</year>
                    </date>
                                                    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="20230530">
                        <day>05</day>
                        <month>30</month>
                        <year>2023</year>
                    </date>
                            </history>
                                        <permissions>
                    <copyright-statement>Copyright © 2013, Balkan Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering</copyright-statement>
                    <copyright-year>2013</copyright-year>
                    <copyright-holder>Balkan Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering</copyright-holder>
                </permissions>
            
                                                                                                                        <abstract><p>The increasing penetration of the distributed energy resources (DERs) in the electrical grid introduces new challenges in terms of grid’s reliable operation. DERs are connected to the main network at the distribution level, possibly through the microgrid, at the point of common coupling (PCC). Microgrids have often the capability of operation in both grid-tied and islanded modes. In the islanded mode, the generated active and reactive powers must be in equilibrium with the load demand, while in the grid-tied mode, the active and active powers follow the desired references defined by the distribution system operator. Therefore, in both cases, proper control is crucial for the operation of the microgrid and its DERs. In this paper, a fault tolerant control (FTC) method based on H∞ observer is proposed for a DER supplying a grid-tied microgrid to make it resilient against sensor and actuator faults and guarantee its reliable operation.</p></abstract>
                                                            
            
                                                                                        <kwd-group>
                                                    <kwd>Distributed energy resources</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  fault tolerant con-
trol</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  microgrid</kwd>
                                                    <kwd>  sensor and actuator faults.</kwd>
                                            </kwd-group>
                            
                                                                                                                                                <funding-group specific-use="FundRef">
                    <award-group>
                                                    <funding-source>
                                <named-content content-type="funder_name">Batman Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinatörlüğü</named-content>
                            </funding-source>
                                                                            <award-id>BTÜBAP-2019-MMF-03</award-id>
                                            </award-group>
                </funding-group>
                                </article-meta>
    </front>
    <back>
                            <ref-list>
                                    <ref id="ref1">
                        <label>1</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">D. E. Olivares, A. Mehrizi-Sani, A. H. Etemadi, C. A. Ca˜nizares, R. Iravani, M. Kazerani, A. H. Hajimiragha, O. Gomis-Bellmunt, M. Saeedifard, R. Palma-Behnke, and G. A. Jimenez-Estevez, “Trends in microgrid control,” IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 1905–1919, 2014.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref2">
                        <label>2</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">S. M. Kaviri, M. Pahlevani, P. Jain, and A. Bakhshai, “A review of ac microgrid control methods,” in IEEE 8th International Symposium on Power Electronics for Distributed Generation Systems (PEDG), 2017, pp. 1–8.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref3">
                        <label>3</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Y. Yoldas, A. Onen, S. M. Muyeen, A. V. Vasilakos, and I. Alan, “Enhancing smart grid with microgrids: Challenges and opportunities,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 72, no. , pp. 205–214, 2015.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref4">
                        <label>4</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">F. Caliskan and I. Genc, “A robust fault detection and isolation method in load frequency control loops,” IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol. 23, no. 4, pp. 1756–1767, 2009.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref5">
                        <label>5</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">R. L. de Araujo Ribeiro, C. B. Jacobina, E. R. C. da Silva, and A. M. N. Lima, “Fault detection of open-switch damage in voltage-fed pwm motor drive systems,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 587–593, 2003.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref6">
                        <label>6</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">T. A. Najafabadi, F. R. Salmasi, and P. Jabehdar-Maralani, “Detection and isolation of speed-, dc-link voltage-, and current-sensor faults based on an adaptive observer in induction-motor drives,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 58, no. 2, pp. 1662–1672, 2011.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref7">
                        <label>7</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">S. Gholami and M. Aldeen, “Control of distributed energy resources under switching transient between grid-connected and islanded operation modes,” in IEEE Power &amp; Energy Society General Meeting, 2017, pp. 1–5.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref8">
                        <label>8</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">S. Gholami, S. Saha, and M. Aldeen, “Fault tolerant control of elec- tronically coupled distributed energy resources in microgrid systems,” International Journal of Electrical Power &amp; Energy Systems, vol. 95, pp. 327–340, 2018.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref9">
                        <label>9</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">M. E. Raoufat, K. Tomsovic, and S. M. Djouadi, “Virtual actuators for wide-area damping control of power systems,” IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol. 31, no. 6, pp. 4703–4711, 2016.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref10">
                        <label>10</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">S. Misra, P. V. Krishna, V. Saritha, H. Agarwal, A. V. Vasilakos, and M. S. Obaidat, “Learning automata-based fault-tolerant system for dynamic autonomous unmanned vehicular networks,” IEEE Systems Journal, vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 2929–2938, 2017.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref11">
                        <label>11</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">S. Akhlaghi and N. Zhou, “Adaptive multi-step prediction based ekf to power system dynamic state estimation,” in IEEE Power and Energy Conference at Illinois, 2017, pp. 1–8.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref12">
                        <label>12</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">M. Blanke, M. Kinnaert, J. Lunze, M. Staroswiecki, and J. Schroder, Diagnosis and Fault-Tolerant Control. Berlin, Germany: Springer- Verlag, 2006.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref13">
                        <label>13</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">D. Krokavec, A. Filasov´, P lisencky, “On fault tolerant control structures incorporating fault estimation,” Archives of Control Sciences, no. No 4, 2016. [Online]. Available: http://journals.pan.pl/Content/ 104506/PDF/acsc-2016-0025.pdf</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref14">
                        <label>14</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Dziekan, M. Witczak, and J. Korbicz, “Active fault-tolerant control design for takagi-sugeno fuzzy systems,” Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences: Technical Sciences, vol. 59, no. No 1, pp. 93–102, 2011. [Online]. Available: http://journals.pan.pl/Content/83281/PDF/13 paper. pdf</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref15">
                        <label>15</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">B. Zhang, S. Ping, Y. Long, Y. Jiao, and B. Wu, “Research on topology of a novel three-phase four-leg fault-tolerant npc inverter,” Archives of Electrical Engineering, vol. vol. 71, no. No 2, pp. 489–506, 2022. [Online]. Available: http://journals.pan.pl/Content/123218/PDF/ art14 internet.pdf</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref16">
                        <label>16</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">Khaki, B., Kiliç, H., Yilmaz, M., Shafie-Khah, M., Lotfi, M., &amp; Catalão, J. P. &quot;Active fault tolerant control of grid-connected DER: Diagnosis and reconfiguration&quot;. In IECON 2019-45th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, Oct 2019,Vol. 1, pp. 4127-4132. IEEE.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                                    <ref id="ref17">
                        <label>17</label>
                        <mixed-citation publication-type="journal">A. H. K. Alaboudy, H. H. Zeineldin, and J. Kirtley, “Microgrid stability characterization subsequent to fault-triggered islanding incidents,” IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 658–669, 2012.</mixed-citation>
                    </ref>
                            </ref-list>
                    </back>
    </article>
